• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.629-629
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• 2015

습지는 다양한 생태계가 형성되어있고, 토양과 물의 정화기능, 폭우방지 및 홍수 완화 등 인간이 살아가는데 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 이처럼 중요한 기능을 제공하는 습지에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있지만 그에 따른 습지관리 방안에 대한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 특히, 습지 조성 후 유지관리 방안을 제시하기 위해서는 습지의 생태환경을 모니터링 하여 분석하는 것이 필요하다.이를 위해 본 연구에서는 비내섬(남한강), 옥포지구(낙동강), 세도지구(금강) 3개의 인공습지를 대상으로 생태환경에 대한 모니터링을 실시하였다. 모니터링 결과, 비내섬 습지는 천이초기단계에서 개척자식물이 유입되는 등 향후 천이도중상태의 이차초지로 천이될 것으로 판단되며, 옥포지구 습지는 안정된 천이과정을 보이고 있으나, 안정화 단계에 도달할 때 까지 지속적으로 변화될 것으로 판단된다. 세도지구 습지는 인위적 교란요인이 적기 때문에 미소입지별로 식생천이에 따라 다양한 식생이 형성될 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과 향후 봄, 여름이 추가된 사계절을 장기적으로 모니터링 하여 식물상 데이터를 구축할 수 있다면 더 정량적인 식성천이 분석을 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 2003

In order to clarify the successional trend and its characteristics of plant community in abandoned field in Cheju Island, we investigated the seral changes of vegetation height, coverage, growth form, species richness, diversity and dominance index along with the time lapse, and then compared with those of mainland researches. And in order to seek the overall trend of vegetation changes, we used cluster, TWINSPAN and PCA ordination techniques. The succession was characterized by the lower species number, lower vegetation height, longer period of herb dominant and later invasion of tree species. These results may come from that ecological traits of Cheju Island itself, and ecosystem fragmented influences that block a seed (propagule) transport. Sere of the dominant species was shown as follows: Mazus japonicus(0.5∼1 years)→Conyza sumatrensis (2 years)→Artemisia princeps var. orientalis(4 years)→Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, indigofera pseudotinctoria(5 years)→Rosa multiflora, Miscanthus sinensis, etc.(8 years)→Miscanthus sinensis(12 years)→Boehmeria nivea, Pueraria thunbergiana etc.(15 years)→Mallotus japonicus(20 years)→Litsea japonica, Machilus thunbergii (20 years<). Abandoned fields were classified into three groups according to time lapse; earlier stage(0∼1 years), middle stage(2∼8 years) and later stage(8∼20 years).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2020

The purpose of this study examined the succession by vegetation type after forest ecosystem restoration in the Baramjae area. Vegetation of the Baramjae area was classified using a survey of 81 sites from May to October 2019. The vegetation type was classified as Pinus densiflora community group with both Quercus mongolica community and P. densiflora typical community. The group unit was further classified as the Quercus dentata typical subgroup, Salix koreensis subgroup, and Q. mongolica typical subgroup. Such as Q. mongolica, Quercus variavilis in vegetation unit 1, Q. mongolica, Q. dentata in vegetation unit 2, P. densiflora in vegetation unit 3 and S. koreensis in vegetation unit 4 were shown a high importance value. The difference in species by vertical layer is explained by sere. Based on the vegetation type classification system, Detrended Correspondence Analysis was conducted to observe the trend of succession. Since restoration, vegetation unit 1 and vegetation unit 2 were considered to have developed the most extensive vegetation. In vegetation unit 2 and vegetation unit 4, many of the species found were in the early vegetation development in S. koreensis subgroup. Accordingly, vegetation in the Baramjae area can be categorized as a stepwise succession.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to compare and analyze plant monitoring results of 2012 and 2013 for three artificial wetlands of Binae, Sedo, and Okpo areas in Namhan river, Keum river, and Nakdong river respectively. As the results, the Binae wetland in 2013 shows the same environment with 2012, that is, Willow and Common reed were dominant and the distributed plants in the wetland were Phragmites japonica Steud, Carex dispalta Boott, and Humulus japonicus in lowland of river side. Especially, Humulus japonicus was increased in summer season and Willow was increased in lowland of 초원. In Okpo wetland, Water chestnut was appeared in 2013 which it was not in 2012. Reed distribution was reduced in 2013 comparing to 2012 but Pussy willow distribution was not changed in 2013. In Sedo wetland, Secondary grassland was artificially planted in 2013 and so the colony was changed to Chinese Lespedeza and also most of plant colony was changed to Colt's-tail. Therefore, we can know that wetted transition rather than dried transition will be occurred in the Binae wetland. However, the Okpo wetland has monotonic change and so the transition will be proceeded with long time. The Sedo wetland showed wetted and dried transitions exist together. Therefore, the wetland will be changed to Reeds, Common reed, and Willow colonies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 1994

The forest of Choksangsansong area was studied to investigate vegetational structure with twenty-five plots(20m$\times$25m). Relative importance values, DBH class distribution, species, diversity indices, DCA ordination and TWINSPAN classification were used for vegetational structure analysis. Quercus mongolica, Carpinus cordata, Quercus serrata and Cornus controversa were appeared to be dominant species in each plot and dominant species in the Choksangsansong area was Quercus mongolica. The forest of Choksangsansong area was classified into four groups and showed seral stage from Quercus mongolica to Carpinus cordata. Vegetational succession in the Choksangsansong area shall be accelerated to moist and shade tolerant species due to cool and humid climatic condition by upper dam construction of the Mujuyangspalchonso (pumping up power station).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.185-202
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• 2018

Many ecological studies regarding forest succession, which is the process of arriving at climax forest through ecological changes, have suggested that Carpinus laxiflora is the leading tree type of the climax forest of temperate zone in South Korea. However, most of these studies on C. laxiflora forest have focused on vegetation structure and succession process in specific areas or regional physiognomical forest communities, and thus some may question whether it is rational to consider C. laxiflora forest as the climax forest in South Korea's temperate forest zone. The purpose of this study was to analyze the vegetation classification, species composition, and stratum structure and to investigate the succession tendency with the vegetation data collected from C. laxiflora forests in 75 quadrates in 17 mountains between 2014 and 2017. We used the phytosociological method to analyze the vegetation structure and the importance value to analyze the stratum structure. The results showed the floristic composition of 6 vegetation units and 9 species groups. The hierarchy of the C. laxiflora community group was represented by the Ulmus laciniata community, Corylus heterophylla community (subdivided Quercus aliena group and Corylus heterophylla typical group), and Rhododendron schlippenbachii community (subdivided Fraxinus chiisanensis group, Carpinus tschonoskii group, and Rhododendron schlippenbachii typical group). Successional tendency of C. laxiflora forest based on the importance of each layer is predicted to be the total of three types such as to maintain the stand (vegetation units 2, 3, and 6), to success the Carpinus cordata forest (vegetation units 1 and 4), and to success Quercus acuta forest (vegetation unit 5).

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.129-144
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• 2010

We have studied the changes of the environmental and vegetational factors according to the hydro-seral stages in the shoreline of the lagoons, Korea. We have divided seral stages into 7 stages from open water stage to the stratified forest stage considering as the characteristics of water body, dominance of submerged and emergent plant, and development of the shrub, subtree and tree layer. According to the successional stage, water depth gradually decreased and water quality changed from seawater to brackish water and from brackish water to fresh water, organic matter in a soil layer gradually increased, and the litter layer grew up. As the development of the vegetation structure, the life-form of the vascular plants changed as follows; open water ${\rightarrow}$ submerged plant and floating-leaved plant ${\rightarrow}$ emergent plant and submerged plant ${\rightarrow}$ emergent plant ${\rightarrow}$ emergent plant, mesophyte and scrub ${\rightarrow}$ mesophyte. In the late seral stage, the 3 different forest types were established by the water retention or drainage and nutrient accumulation of the soil layer. Salix dominant forest developed in the wetted sites, the forest type dominated by Pinus thunbergii, Carex pumila and mesophytes developed in the well drained sites causing by sand substrate, and the forest type dominated by the planted or ruderals such as Pinus densiflora, Robinia psedo-acacia, Festuca ovina, Setaria viridis ect. developed in the sites composed of forest soil introduced by artificial reclamation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2006

Changes of the species diversity and development of vegetation structure during abandoned field succession after shifting cultivation were investigated in Pyoungchang, Gangwon-Do, Korea. The height of top layer tended to increase rapidly during the earlier successional stages and stabilize in the later successional stage. The heights of top layer in the 10, 20, 50 and 80 year old-field were 4, 9, 18 and 18 m, respectively. In this region, thirty five year after abandonment need for the development to the normal forest formed by 4 stratum structure, tree, sub-tree, shrub and herb layer. Among the vegetation values, Ivc showed a tendency to increase logarithmically, and Hcl a tendency to increase linearly during abandoned field succession. Species diversity showed the peak in mid-successional stages ($10{\sim}20$ year old-field) and declined slightly thereafter. Species diversity was correlated closely with the species richness than the evenness. The most woody species established in the earlier stage ($2{\sim}6$ year old-field) and turned over their dominance step by step during succession. These results support the IFC model proposed by Egler (1954).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.459-476
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• 1993

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for the evergreen and nearby deciduous broad-leaved forests in inland areas (Turyunsan, Pulgapsan) and south- western island areas (Hongdo, Chindo). The evergreen broad-leaved forests of the four areas showed a sera1 stage with an age structure mostly under fifty years old. Dominant evergreen broad-leaved species in canopy layer were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, and Ncolitsea serzceu. Succession of the forest vegetation in the surveyed areas was proceeding from deciduous broad-leaved trees to evergreen broad-leaved trees. The species of climax stage were assumed to be Machilus thunbergii, iVeolitseu sericea and Dendropanax morbifera in canopy layer, Aucuba japonica and Machilus japonica in subtree and shrub layer.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.208-219
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• 2009

This study is to establish a management method for conservation through comparison and analysis on vegetation structures of Pinus densiflora forest around Beopjusa area for past 17-year. The spatial range of the study was $3.6km^2$ from maintenance office to Beopjusa area. The analysis results of the actual vegetation showed that the ratio of vegetation were composed of 64.7% of Pinus densiflora forest, 3.2% of mixed forest of P. densiflora and deciduous broadleaf trees and 5.9% of deciduous broadleaf tree community out of overall area, 360ha. The type of P. densiflora forest were categorized into four communities; community having high potential of succession, community having low potential of it, the community being in the process of succession and community being in the process of natural selection. The succession tendency was in order of the community having low potential of succession(P. densiflora forest), having high potential of it(P. densiflora forest which is deciduous broadleaf trees are dominating in sub-canopy layer), being in the process of succession(P. densiflora-Prunus sargentii and P. densiflora-Quercus serrata community) and being in the process of natural selection(Q. serrata-P. densiflora and Q. aliena-P. densiflora community). In terms of vegetation management, P. densiflora forest having high potential of succession was needed to remove deciduous broadleaf trees in the sub-canopy layer and the community being in the process of succession was required to be pruning the branch in the canopy layer. Lastly, the community being in the process of natural selection was suggested to let it be in succession, since it is hard to be in the status of P. densiflora Forest.