• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.26-26
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• 2019

DMZ 일원은 정전협정으로 비무장지대(DMZ: Demilitarized Zone)가 설정된 이래 민간인의 출입이 엄격히 금지된 채로 외부의 간섭에서 벗어난 독보적 공간으로 보전되어 오고 있다. 하지만 일부 지역은 자연재해 및 군사적 목적으로 훼손되어 생태적으로 교란된 지역이 발생하여 생태적 건강성이 저하되고 있다. 무엇보다 군사분계선 남쪽 2km에 설치된 남방한계선은 군사적 목적에 따라 시계확보를 위해 불모지작전을 수행하여 생태적 교란 및 토양침식에 의해 생태계가 열악한 실정이다. DMZ 내 생태교란지 식물복원 연구는 DMZ내 생태교란지를 하나의 특수한 생태계로 간주하여, 향후 DMZ내 생태교란지에 특화된 식생복원 체계를 마련하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 DMZ 155마일(248km)에 대해서 위성영상분석을 수행하여 생태교란지 유형화분류 연구를 수행하여 7개 유형(저지대초지, 서부저지대산지, 저습지 및 수공간 지역 등)으로 분류하였다. 또한 DMZ 생태교란지에 적합한 식물종 선정을 위하여 DMZ 전역을 대상으로 식물상 조사를 실시하여, 분포가 확인된 종을 대상으로 도입 가능종의 검토, 종자 수집 및 채종원 조성을 실시하였다. 추후 DMZ 생태교란지 식물복원에 적합한 공법연구를 수행하고자 한다. 시계확보를 위해 수행되는 불모지 작전에 적합한 종의 선정, 선정된 종을 대상으로 유사환경 조성에 따른 공법 적용, 적용된 공법에 따른 관리 방안 연구를 함께 수행하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통해 DMZ 일원에 특화된 공법개발이 이루어진다면 불모지 작전 및 관리 최소화가 이루어지고, 무엇보다 우리나라 종자 및 야생화 산업의 활성화와 현재 파편화 되어 있는 생태축이 하나의 축으로 연결 될 것이라고 기대해 본다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.315-320
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• 2002

Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with cadmium was studied using Indian mallow (Abutilon avicennae) in columns packed with 80 mg Cd/kg soil. At 90 days after transplat, root biomass of the exposed plants was 4 times more inhibited compared to the control. Also, shoot length of the exposed plants was 3 times more inhibited than that of control plants. Accumulation of cadmium into tissues was in the order roots> stems> leaves during the 50 days, but the order was roots> stems> seeds> leaves during the 90 days after transplant. Regardless of cadmium contaminations, microbial activities were significantly greater in soil with plants than without plants. In soil column, cadmium was not transferred toward the lower part. Uptake of Cd by plant tissues was about 3.5% of the initial bioavailable cadmium for leaves, stems, and roots during the 90 days after transplant.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.3 s.107
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• pp.139-144
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• 2002

Most of army depots contaminated with co-contaminants, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT) and heavy metals. In phytoremediation for the TNT, heavy metals may inhibit mineralization, transformation and sequestration of TNT by the plant. We studied effect of cadmium on TNT degradation and transformation by Abutilion avicennae in hydroponic cultures. When cultured in 20 mgTNT/L and 1.3 mgCd/L, the plant displayed phytotoxicities; reduction of leaf fresh, leaf roil, chlorosis, leaf loss and fresh weight loss. Phytotoxicity was severer in the combined contaminants than in single contaminant. Because A. avicennae uptake just a little cadmium, 1.3 mgCd/L included in the TNT medium did not influece significantly TNT transformation, translocation and distribution by A. avicennae. Therefore, the soil solution containing cadmium would not affect TNT degradation by Abutilion avicennae in Army depots polluted with TNT.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

Most of army depots contaminated with co-contaminants. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT) and heavy metais. In phytormediation for the TNT, heavy metals may inhibit mineralization, transformation and sequestration of TNT by the plant. W studied effect of cadmium on TNT degradation and transformation by Abutilion avicenneae in hydroponic cultures. When cultured in 20 ㎎TNT/L and 1.3 ㎎Cd/L. the plant displayed phytotoxicities; reduction of leaf fresh, leaf roll, chlorosis, leaf loss and fresh weight loss. Phytotoxicity was severer in the combined contaminnts than in single contaminant. Because A. avicennae uptake just a little cadmium, 1.3 ㎎Cd/L induded in the TNT medium did not influece significanfly TNT transformation, translocation and distrivution by A. Therefore, the soil solution containing cadmium would not affect TNT degradation by Abutilion avicennae in Amy depots polluted with TNT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 1999

In order to confirm the effectiveness of the natural river improvement technique, the analysis of vegetation was carried out in Yangjae stream between 1996 and 1998. The results of this study showed the numbers of riparian plants had increased from 41 species to 53 species, and the dominant species had changed from annual and biannual(Humulus japonicus, Persicaria thunbergii, Persicaria hydropiper, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Echinochloa crus-galli) to perennials (Phragmites communis). The variation in biomass and biodiversity index were measured and calculated according to the rehabilitation method. Biomass were varied 302 to $828g/m^2$ and biodiversity index was varied 1.53 to 1.52 at point bar plots(A treatment plots) from 1996 to 1998. In conclusion, the natural river improvement technique which has operated in Yanjaecheon for three years has contributed to restoration of riparian plants. Additionally, subsequent study using this technique should be followed in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.302-317
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• 2010

In this study, not only to present the management plan but also to verify the effectiveness for a area of improving the landscape and the area of creating the base of bio-inhabitation in Tancheon stream concrete embankment where were practised the vegetation-mat measures for greening via monitoring i.e. restoration progress. The results of monitoring, there were a total of 41 taxa, 18 families, 38 species, 3 varieties in 2006, moreover in the 2007, there were a total of 59 taxa, 19 families, 56 species, 3 varieties and in the period 2008, 64 taxa, 29 families, 59 species, 8 varieties. Therefore, these site has increased the plant spaces year by year. The distribution of vegetation characteristics shows that Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Pennisetum alopecuroides expands their influence in the area of applying the construction method. Those area appears a diversity of native species by the stream deposition at the flood. Thus, its condition is very soundly ecological health and eco-friend. At present, native species have been dominant, however, disturbed species and invasive species can be expected to increase dramatically in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to a long-range monitoring and management for maintaining an environmentally sound aquatic ecosystem. On this area refer to mix the river vegetation of primary succession and disturbed vegetation. For that reason, the method of constructing the vegetation-mat measures for greening in embankment does not need to remove the concrete and can install a coir-mat on the top. It leads to improve the landscape, moreover, it was analysed the such dramatic changes in the vegetation species richness by providing continuous the plant growth basis have a impact on in bio-diversity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.38-41
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• 2001

It has been reported that some plants have the potential to metabolize the 2,4,6-trintroluene (TNT) in contaminated soils, sediments and natural water. In this study, the effects of TNT on germination and early seedling development of Abutilion avicennae was characterized in a germination test. Concentration up to 80 mg/L TNT did not affect germination but root and shoot growth, and fresh biomass decreased as TNT concentration increased. A series of axenic hydroponical batch culture of Abutilion avicennae at various initial TNT concentration was used to determine its transformation kinetics, to identify products formed, and to evaluate phytotoxic effects on the TNT transformation process. At higher initial TNT concentrations, TNT removal rate constant decreased, however, total amount of TNT removed was increased in the culture media. Reductive transformation products of TNT were not detected in the plant culture media but higher concentrations of reduced metabolites were detected in the root and stem extracts of plant material at the 7 days of batch incubation. From these results we concluded that Abutilion avicennae has an intrinsic capacity for taking up and transforming TNT.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2024

Phytoremediation presents a low-carbon and eco-friendly solution for heavy metal-contaminated soils, which pose great health and environmental risks to humans and ecosystems. A hydroponic culture was used to quantitatively assess the phytoremediation potential of plant species to remediate As or Cd-contaminated soil in field application. This study examined the growth, uptake, and distribution of Cd in the roots and shoots of Phalaris arundinacea and Brassica juncea in hydroponic conditions with Cd concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mg/L for 10 days. Additionally, Aster koraiensis and Pteris multifida were cultivated in hydroponic conditions containing As concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mg/L for 10 days. The concentrations of Cd in the above-ground part and root tissues of P. arundinacea and B. juncea reached a maximum of 147.7 and 1926.7 mg/kg-D.W.(Dry Weight), and 351.6 and 11305.5 mg/kg-D.W., respectively. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for P. arundinacea and B. juncea were 68.9 and 122.3, respectively. Both species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) of less than 0.1, indicating their eligibility for phytostabilization. Aster koraiensis exhibited significant As accumulation of 155.1 and 1306.7 mg/kg D.W. in the above-ground part and root, respectively. However, this accumulation resulted with substantial weight loss and the manifestation of toxic symptoms. P. multifida exhibited higher accumulation of As (345.1 mg/kg-D.W.) in the fronds than in the roots (255.4 mg/kg-D.W.), corresponding to BCF values of 18.6 and 7.6, respectively, and a TF greater than 1.2. A TF value greater than 1.0 indicates that P. multifida is a viable option for phytoextraction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.500-506
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• 2008

Enhanced phytoremediation with EDTA or PSM(Phosphate solubilizing microorganism) was studied using green foxtail (Setaria viridis) in columns packed with 1,200 mgPb/kg contaminated soil to investigate the effects of EDTA or PSM on the plant uptake and vertical migration of Pb. EDTA, equimolar amount of total Pb in the column soil, was administered in two methods: the one was treated with 1/6 aliquots of the equimolar EDTA every week for 6 weeks and the other was treated with single dose of the equimolar EDTA before 14 days of harvest. The results showed that higher concentrations of Pb accumulated in the biomass of green fowtail after the chemical or biological treatment. The plant-root Pb concentration in PSM treatment(M), EDTA aliquot treatment(ES), and single dose treatment(E) was 2.6, 3.0, and 3.3 times higher, respectively, than that in the plant-root of control(164.7 mg/kg). The plant-stem Pb concentration in the M, ES and E treatment was 27, 37, and 40 times higher than that in the stem of control(8.1 mg/kg). The translocation factor, the ratio of shoot/root Pb concentration, was 0.6 in the two EDTA treatment, 0.5 in the M treatment, and 0.05 in the control, respectively. The largest amount of Pb was phyto-extracted in the E treatment whereas vertical migration of EDTA was significant in the ES treatment. This result showed that a single large dose of EDTA before harvest serves better for enhanced phytoremediation of Pb. Although, treatment with PSM showed less Pb phytoextraction by the plant but enhanced both the growth of plants in the column and microbial dehydrogenase activity in the soils. Therefore, enhanced phytoextraction of Pb with PSM treatment can be an alternative option for EDTA treatment, which is toxic to plants and soil ecosystem.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.217-228
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• 2011

The feasibility study for the stabilization process using 5 amendments was performed to quantify As-immobilization efficiency in farmland soils around Samkwang abandoned mine, Korea. For the batch experiments, with 2% and 3% of granular lime(2-5 mm in diameter), leaching concentration of As from the soil decreased by 86% and 95% respectively, compared to that without the amendment. When 5% and 10% of granular limestone was added in the soil, As concentration decreased by 82% and 95%, showing that lime and limestone has a great capability to immobilize As in the soil. From the results of batch experiments, continuous column(15 cm in dimeter and 100 cm in length) tests using granular lime and limestone as amendments was performed. Without the amendment, As concentration from the effluent of the column ranged from 167 ${\mu}g$/L to 845 ${\mu}g$/L, which were higher than Korea Drinking Water Limit(50 ${\mu}g$/L). However, only with 1% and 2% of lime, As concentration from the column dramatically decreased by 97% for 9 years rainfall and maintained below 50 ${\mu}g$/L. With 5% of limestone and the mixed amendment(1% of lime + 2% of limestone), more than 95% diminution of As leaching from the column occurred within I year rainfall and maintained below 20 ${\mu}g$/L, suggesting that the capability of limestone to immobilize As in the farmland soil was outstanding and similar to that of lime. Results of experiments suggested that As stabilization process using limestone could be more available to immobilize As from the soil than using lime because of low pH increase and thus less harmful side effect.