• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.19-48
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• 2008

In this paper, the life of Emmy Noether is reviewed in context of today's society where progress in social and educational equality for women have not significantly impacted the participation of women mathematician at the highest level of mathematics study. Recent studies have shown that there is little or no gender difference in mathematics performance if the women are treated equally in the country. Yet, the number of women scientists/mathematicians at the university level or related research centers are very low for all countries including the U.S. as well as Korea. Emmy Noether became a mathematician in early 20th century Germany where women were discouraged(not allowed) from even studying mathematics at the University. She overcame gender, racial, and social prejudices of the time to become one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century as a founding contributor of Abstract Algebra. Overcoming all the difficulties to focus on the study of mathematics to contribute at the highest level of mathematics provides an example of leadership for both men and women that is relevant today. Especially for women, Emmy Noether's life is a study in perseverance for the love of mathematics that proves that there is no gender difference even at the highest level of mathematics.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.195-206
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• 1993

As the first step in developing the urban information system it is very important to identify the location of the street, and the feature of objects on it Also it is necessary to understand the relationship between objects concerned. In order to manage these information efficiently, the road information should be well organized and standardized for digital data. Because the road is the base place under which most urban utilities are buried. However, the present real situation is that even if we have unique numbers authorized by law for some parts of the road it is too ambiguous to figure out the spatial location of the specific area because the assigned area is so large and incoherent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a road location identication scheme, to apply this scheme at Kangnam-ku Seoul, and finally to propose the guideline in developing the road management information system in Korea. The road identification scheme developed in this study are as follows: (1) The road is defined as a fixed factor, and was given the identification number which repressents the funtion, relationship, and direction of the road without the road section and absolute coordinates. (2) The parcel identification nutter was given to each route to understand it possible to understand the location of the road itself and surroundings. (3) To update the md information using the scheme developed in this study relative coordinate method(Dynamic Segmentation) based on the road centerline was applied.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.384-392
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• 2011

Recruitment and selection are separate but mutually reinforcing processes. The goal of recruitment is to attract the largest number of applicants possible to apply to the agency, and selection is the process of weeding out unqualified candidates and identifying qualified candidates. In this context, the recruitment and selection system of police officials is an important issue because it affects their future performance as police officers on the job, especially their policing skills, perception of society, occupational ethics. This study suggested the characteristics of U. S. recruitment and selection system of police officials. In the U. S, each police agency sets up its own recruitment and selection standards and procedures. However, recruitment and selection process follows a certain sequence : receiving application, psychological examination, background check, polygraph test, drug screening, interview, physical agility, and medical test. Special characteristic of American police system regarding recruitment and selection is that many law enforcement agencies use a polygraph test to ensure the integrity of the candidates. Another interesting screening process is a drug test because many Americans abuse illegal drugs. A candidate officer must submit urine or a hair sample for screening test. Police human resources specialists should continually identify the most innovative tests and approaches recruit and select police officers. Recruitment and selection strategies should increasingly attract and retain those officers who have the attributes to work in a community-oriented policing environment.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2013

The rotate penetration pile is a type of displacement pile: the surrounding soil is displaced when installing the pile, and the pile can exert a large bearing power and pullout force. In addition, it uses displaced soil method that does not generate slime, and its applications are increasing in foreign countries owing to the environmentally friendly characteristics such as small noise and vibration. However, mostly driven piles-which are directly driven to the ground, and bored pile- pre-fabricated piles are buried to prebored underground, are used; however, rotate penetration piles still have limited use. Most of the laboratory tests have been carried out until now to identify the support behavior after installation of piles and ground construction, the evaluating the support behavior is lacking due to the rotation intrusive process of the rotate penetration piles. Therefore, this study used indoor experiments simulating rotation intrusive process in weathered soil, to evaluate the bearing power behavior for the weathered soil, varying the diameter of the helical bearing plates, helical bearing plate spacing, number of the helical bearing plates, and helical bearing plate specifications. As the outcome of this study, the helical pile bearing power evaluation results, change in bearing power in accordance with main specifications, and review on the comparative analysis with the existing theories were provided.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 1994

1886년 고트리브 다이믈러와 칼 벤즈가 가솔린 자동차를 개발한 이후 100여년이 지난 지금 자동차는 비약적으로 진보, 발전하여 현대 산업사회와 개인의 생활에 있어 산업운송수단과 이동수단으 로서 필요불가결하게 되어 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있다. 우리나라 자동차 공업의 역사는 자동차가 사회적, 경제적 효용에 따라 그 생산과 보유대수가 날이 갈수록 증가 일로에 있으며, 자동차의 생산대수는 전세 계에서 년간 약 50,606천대('94년)로서 중요한 국가 기간 산업으로 자리하고 있다. 한편 전기, 전자공업의 발전에 따른 자동차의 Car Electronics가 많이 채용되게 됨에 따라 현재의 자 동차에는 대부분이 전자제어 System으로 구성되어 있다. 최근에는 Micro Processor를 이용한 전자부품이 많이 사용되어 전자파에 대한 문제가 다양하게 발생 하고 있다. 예를 들면 미국 캘리포니아주에서 전자점화제어장치와 연료분사 장치를 설치한 구미의 자동 차가 주행중 28MHz, 28W의 아마추어 무선을 탑제한 자동차가 통과할 때 엔진이 고르지 못한 보고가 있 었고, 화학섬유로된 옷을 착용한 전자부품이 다른 부품에 영향을 주는 사례가 맣아지고 있다. 따라서 자동차에는 여러가지의 전장품, 전자기기를 탑재하기 때문에 자동차 자체에서 발생하는 것과 외부로 부터 받는 전자장해 EMI(Electromagnetic Interference), EMS(Electromagnetic Susceptibility) 가 문제로 되어 자동차 및 부품 maker에 의한 EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility) 평가의 중요성이 고조되고 있다. 차제무전기, 차제무전기, Car-Radio는잡음방해를 많이 받기도 하지만, 잡음원이 되기 도 한다. 또한 Engine 제어, 차속제어, Brake 제어등에 이용되는 전자제품은 방해에 의한 오동작 또는 파괴가 발생하여 주행기능, 안전성에 문제가 야기되지 않도록 해야 한다. 이러한 전자기 환경은 모두 RF(Radio Frequence)와 자동차에서의 전자파 장해 문제의 원이 될 수 있다. 자동차 및 그 부품의 전자기 방해에 관한 규격화는 1987년부터 괄목할 만하게 진행되어 이에 따른 규제 움직임이 IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission: 국제전기기술위원회) 산하의 하부기 구인 CISPR(International Special Committeeon Radio Interference: 국제 무선 장해 특별위원회)가 전자기 방해파에 대한 측정법 통일안을 제안 하였고, ISO(International Standardization Organiza- tion: 국제표준화 기구) 가운데 TC 22/SC3가 자동차의 전장품에 대한 장해를 논의히고 있다. 특히, 자동차의 EMC에 관한 국가 규격은 국제 규격에서 저술한 바와 같이 특별히 규정된 것이 없고 VDE(Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker: 서독전기기술 협회)와 SAE(Society of Automotive Engi- neers: 자동차 기술자 협회)에서 비교적 활발하고 Jaso(Japanese Automobile Standards Organization: 일본 자동차 표준협회)에서 많이 진행중에 있다. 본 고에서는 자동차의 전자제어에 따른 잡음 발생 요인과 전자파 간섭 관련 자동차 규격과 시험평가 방법에 대해 간단히 소개 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.88-95
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• 2017

The usage of toxic gas in Korea is increasing in the development of high-tech industries such as semiconductors, displays and solar panels. The recent survey of domestic toxic gas consumption indicates an increase in annual average of 12.4 percent, but it is still focused on usage, and it is negligent in safety and treating the post. In September 2012, an accident occurred in Gu-mi involving hydrofluoric acid leak demonstrates the absence of safety management. Due to the incident, the government, industry and academia have been interested in chemical substances(toxic gas), and the government-led safety management has been established and implemented, but there are still a lot of safety blind spots. The purpose of this study is to develop effective measurement methods for the destruction or removal efficiency of gaseous materials emitted from the Scrubber used in the semiconductor and display industries. Also, this study demonstrated how toxic gas facilities can be applied without error by verification test for the measurement method guideline of the destruction or removal efficiency of the green-house gas reduction facility in the semiconductor and display industries used by the National Institute of Environmental Research and the UNFCCC, and suggested the differentiated measurement methods for toxic gas reduction facilities, and the third party certification for safety facilities is needed to prevent toxic gas accidents.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2016

We take it for granted that strong sides defeat weaker counterparts, while predicting the outcome of the battles. But in modern war, we can find plenty of evidence that weak sides won against the strong. This phenomenon can be understood logically by the fourth-generation war theory. the North Korean does not give up its unification strategy, which is unification by force, even though its inferior power. It is continuing various political, social and military levels of provocations toward both the international community and South Korea. Recently, North Korea did nuclear test, launched ICBM test, provoked the DMZ, and expecting to continue the provocations of the fourth-generation war level. We have to understand the nature of North Korea's fourth-generation war threats and provocations that it is focusing on. Based on this, have a new understanding of the value of the Homeland Defense Reservists as fundamental measures as the fourth-generation war threat and supplement related systems. We can firmly refuse the balance of power and power shift of the Korean Peninsula through improved Homeland Defense Reservists. As the expected North Korea's the fourth-generation war threats, our Homeland Defense Reservists is a firm will of conduct war, and political-social-economic-military means, it is possible to display as the best alternative.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2D
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• pp.237-245
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• 2011

Asphalt Plug Joint(APJ) is a new type of expansion joint that it's application are increased in USA as well as several European countries. APJ's' advantages are cheap construction and maintenance costs, and simple construction and securing of excellent flatness. However, APJ's usability is hindered because it showed a problem of premature failure. Research for solving this problem has been progressed, and FEM analysis among existing researches was peformed. However, the behavior of APJ was insufficiently analyzed and the reliability of the analysis was much low, since the material showing complicated behavior was oversimplified, Therefore, a material model was proposed and its effectiveness was confirmed by comparing it with actual behavior in order to improve the reliability of FEM analysis in this paper. ABAQUS program was used for FEM analysis, and an elasto-plastic model and a viscous-plastic model as the material model of APJ were suggested on the base of experiment results of APJ material performed by Bramel et al. The elasto-plastic model was defined by time-independent analysis since it didn't consider time and strain rate, and the viscous-plastic model was defined by time-dependent analysis since it considered. Influence of various elements affecting the behavior of APJ was investigated, and it was confirmed that the time-dependent analysis showed better result closed to actual behavior than the time-independent analysis.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.871-885
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• 2017

Nowadays, the construction of tunnels with a shallow depth drastically in urban areas increases. But the effect of sidewall displacement in shallow tunnel on its behavior is not well known yet. Most studies on the shallow tunnel have been limited to the stability and the failure of the tunnel and the adjacent ground in plane strain state. Therefore, the model tests were conducted in a model ground which was built with carbon rods, in order to investigate the impact of the tunnel sidewall displacement on the lateral load transfer to the adjacent ground. The lateral displacement of the tunnel sidewall and the load transfered to the adjacent ground were measured in model tests for various overburdens (0.50D, 0.75D, 1.00D, 1.25D). As results, if the cover depth of tunnel was over a constant depth (0.75D) in a shallow tunnel, the tunnel sidewall was failed with a constant shape not depending on the tunnel cover depth and also not affected by the opposite side of the wall. But, if the cover depth of tunnel was under a constant depth (0.75D), the failure of the tunnel sidewall could affect the opposite sidewall. In addition, if the displacement of tunnel sidewall with 50% of the critical displacement occurred, the tunnel failure was found to be at least 75%. However, additional studies are deemed necessary, since they may differ depending on the ground conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2012

In the M&S filed, The Battle Lab is available for acquisition, design, development tool, validation test, and training in the weapon system of development process. Recently, the Battle Lab in the military of Korea is still in an early stage, in spite of importance of battle lab construction. In the environment of network centric warfare, a practical use of the M&S which is connecting live, virtual and constructive model can be applied to all field of System Engineering process. It is necessary thar the Battle Lab is not restricted by time and space, and is possible for the technical implementation. In this paper, to guarantee the interoperability of live and virtual simulation, virtual simulators connect live simulators by using the tactical data link. To guarantee the interoperability of virtual and constructive simulation, both virtual simulators and constructive simulators use the RTI which is the standard tool of M&S. We propose the System that constructed the Air Defence Battle Lab. In case of the approach of target tracks, The Air Defence Battle Lab is the system for the engagement based on a command of an upper system in the engagement weapon system. Constructive simulators which are target track, missile, radar, and launcher simulator connect virtual simulators which are MCRC, battalion, and fire control center simulators using the RPR-FOM 1.0 that is a kind of RTI FOM. The interoperability of virtual simulators and live simulators can be guaranteed by the connection of the tactical data links which are Link-11B and ATDL-1.