• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2005

In spite of relatively low level of radiation dose used at dental clinics, long term exposure may be harmful, so radiation workers at dental clinics must be well aware of its danger. This study was radiation safety management by dental hygienists in order to take preventive measures for dental hygienists and suggest ideas to develop radiation safety training programs. For this, we contacted dental hygienists working at the local dental clinics for 4 months from December of 2003 to march of 2004 and obtained the following findings. 1. Regarding the intraoral radiographic method, the average daily photographing frequency of standard films stood at one to five pieces (47.5%), and the average weekly photographing frequency of digital radiation medicine stood at less than one piece (69.8%), and the average weekly photographing frequency of bitewing films stood at less than one piece (67.7%), and and the average weekly photographing frequency of occlusal films stood at less than one piece (95.5%), and the dentistries whose average weekly photographing frequency of pediatric films stood at one to five pieces accounted for 47.1 percent. 2. Regarding the extraoral radiographic method, the average weekly photographing frequency of panorama film stood at one to five pieces (63.7%), and less than one piece (20.9%), the average weekly photographing frequency of cephalometric film stood at less than one piece (72.3%), and one to five pieces (20.1%). 3. Concerning the radiation safety management training program, only 18.7% of total 278 surveyed attended the training progra., Attendance tendency of the training program by general characteristics showed statistically significant difference according to age (p<0.01), working experience (p<0.001), and marital status (p<0.01). 4. When asked about the protective equipments against radiation exposure, 40.6% of them said "modest", and 71.1% appeared equipped with led apron as a protective tool.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.201-214
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• 2006

Modern society is an age of vagueness and confusion. In addition, vagueness, complexity and variety are seen throughout art including modern philosophy, literature, and environmental design. A phenomenon like this shows that modern society has integrated different components as an organic relationship frequently crossing the boundary of fields. This feature can be regarded as hybrid related with accepting contradictory components and binding them into one under relationship between part and whole. As new design concept, presented are attitude to accept the two instead of attitude to select one of the alternatives, abundance instead of dearness, and ambiguity instead of simplicity. This principle has a crucial influence on creative design providing opposing contradiction and several alternative plans as non-deterministic form not completed one and, above all, useful information in mutual dependence and mutual relationship. When it comes to hybrid, therefore, a strategy is needed to consider layer of several fields getting out of standardizing space into a single space. As an event of this situation and concept, space experience means behaving freely based on experience of users' body. It can be known that this experience brings about users' more dynamic experience in comparison with the experience of seeing environmental design from a viewpoint of visual ism on the existing simplicity. Such a practical experience is subjective, synesthetic, and non-observational one. Therefore, hybrid has brought active users to the stage, which is distinguished from synesthesia felt through body's experience, not through observational attitude and visual space which achieve former balance and harmony with non-determination. That's because hybrid creatures are turning to a product resulted from creative imagination instead of from reappearance which makes text visualized. Such experience performed by user's active participation collapses the boundary between special elite-centered art and daily life and it is the present progressive form showing creation process of future events and new esthetic experience.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.134-148
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the state of cooking activities at home and at school among the elementary school 6th graders in Gyeongbuk province. For 'interest in cooking', 86.9% of the subjects answered 'very interested,' and the answers were significantly different according to sex(male 45.6%, female 77.8%, p<0.01). Above 70.0% of the subjects answered that they could cook by themselves and the responses were significantly different according to sex(male 35.3%, female 66.7%, p<0.01). The children had experiences of chopping(64.8%), slicing round(62.3%), cutting dice(62.3%), cutting julienne(53.3%), cutting diagonally(45.1%), slicing semicircle(34.4%), and cutting paysanne(22.1%). 93.4% of the subjects had cooking experience at home and most parents(95.1%) were positive to children's cooking at home. The reasons for cooking at home were 'like to cook'(55.3%), 'to satisfy hunger'(17.5%), 'to eat foods that I want'(14.0%), etc. The only 10.7% of the subjects answered 'difficult' or 'very difficult' for the cooking classes at school. The 62.3% of the subjects have cooked the foods again at home that they learned at school, and the responses were significantly different according to sex(p<0.05). The foods that the children wanted to cook at school were pizza, spaghetti, Tteokbokki, hamburgers, etc. The children answered that they had difficulties in 'seasoning'(34.4%) and 'cleaning up after cooking'(21.5%). What the children wished about the cooking class of their schools included 'to cook more often'(35.8%), 'to cook more diverse foods'(29.7%), 'to have the school equipped with cooking tools and facilities'(14.8%), etc. Therefore, the cooking classes for the elementary school students need to be planned considering these results about children's cooking abilities, skills and demands.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.398-410
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• 1982

Summer crops grown in uplands are greatly diversified and show a large variation in difference with year and location in Korea. The principal factor for the variation is weather, in which precipitation and temperature play a leading role and such a weather factors as wind, sun lights also influence production of the summer crops. Since artificial control of weather conditions as a main stress factor for crop production is almost impossible, it must be minimized only by an improvement of cultivation techniques and crop improvement. Precipitation plays a role as one of the most important factor for production of the summer crops and it is considered in two aspects, drought and excess moisture. This country, which belongs to monsoon territory, necessarily encounter one of this stress almost every year, even though the level is different. Therefore, the facilities for both drought and excess moisture are required, but actually it is not easy to complete for them. On this account, crops tolerant to drought, excess moisture and pests should be considered for establishing summer crops. For the districts damaged habitually every season, adequate crops should be cultured and appropriate method of planting, drainage and weed control should be applied diversely. Injuries by temperature is mainly attributed to lower temperature particularly in late fall and early spring, although higher temperature often causes some damages depending upon the kind of crops. Sometimes, lower temperature in summer season playa critical role for yield reduction in the summer crops. However, certain crops are prevented to some extent from this kind of stress by improving varieties tolerant to cold, hot weather or early maturing varieties. As is often the case, control of planting time or harvesting is able to be a good management for escaping the stress. Lodging, plant diseases and pests are considered as a direct or indirect damage due to weather stress, but these are characters able to be overcome by means of crop improvement and also controlled by other suitable methods. In addition, polytical supports capable of improving constitution of agriculture into modern industry is urgently required by programming of data for the damages, establishment of damage forecasting and compensation system.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.609-617
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• 2020

After introducing the industry 4.0 policy, Korean government announced 'Digital New Deal' and 'Green New Deal' as 'Korean New Deal' in 2020. We analyzed Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)'s research projects related to that policy and conducted markets analysis focused on Digital Twin and environmental monitoring technologies. Regarding 'Data Dam' policy, we suggested the digital geo-contents with Augmented Reality (AR) & Virtual Reality (VR) and the public geo-data collection & sharing system. It is necessary to expand and support the smart mining and digital oil fields research for '5th generation mobile communication (5G) and artificial intelligence (AI) convergence into all industries' policy. Korean government is suggesting downtown 3D maps for 'Digital Twin' policy. KIGAM can provide 3D geological maps and Internet of Things (IoT) systems for social overhead capital (SOC) management. 'Green New Deal' proposed developing technologies for green industries including resource circulation, Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS), and electric & hydrogen vehicles. KIGAM has carried out related research projects and currently conducts research on domestic energy storage minerals. Oil and gas industries are presented as representative applications of digital twin. Many progress is made in mining automation and digital mapping and Digital Twin Earth (DTE) is a emerging research subject. The emerging research subjects are deeply related to data analysis, simulation, AI, and the IoT, therefore KIGAM should collaborate with sensors and computing software & system companies.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.993-1009
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of RSM-based astronomical observation program about Astronomical Spatial Concept and Self-Directed Learning for the Scientific Gifted Students. For this purpose, this research developed RSM-based astronomical observation program. This program was totally consisted 10 lessen. there was 3 part in this program. It contained Preparation Stage (step 1-2), Observation Stage (step 3-8), Clean up Stage (step 9-10). To find the effects of RSM-based astronomical observation program on Astronomical Spatial Concept and Self-Directed Learning for Scientific Gifted Students. 20 participants was selected. these students were attended at a scientific gifted class(5th grade) of an elementary school located in Ulsan. First, Astronomical Spatial Concept was used to find the effect of the Astronomical Observation program based RSM. And the results were analyzed by SPSSWIN 18.0. The results of this study were as follows. First, RSM-based astronomical observation program was a positive effects on Astronomical Spatial Concept of the Scientific Gifted Students (t=3,875, p=.001). Second, RSM-based astronomical observation program was a positive effects on Self-Directed Learning of the Scientific Gifted Students (t=5.783, p=.000). According to this research, RSM-based astronomical observation program was verified to improve Astronomical Spatial Concept and Self-Directed Learning on the Scientific Gifted Students. It will be contribute on the curriculum construction of the gifted school or gifted class.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.1 s.23
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• pp.21-30
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• 1988

To measure the fertility rate and pregnancy wastage of women in rural area, 3,780 married women under 50 years old who were not sterilized either woman or husband in Gunwee county were followed up for 2 years. Seventeen Myun health workers visited these women periodically to check the status of their family planning practice and menstruation. Pregnant women were interviwed for their past obstetric history and followed up to the time of delivery. Family planning was practiced in 51.6% of the 6,826 women-years observed during the period from April 1, 1985 to March 31, 1987. Pregnancy, abortion and delivery covered 7.6% of the observed women-years and family planning was not practiced in 36.5% of the women-years. When sterilized women at the beginning of the study were included, the family planning practice rate was 72.1% which was slightly higher than the national family planning practice rate. However, 28% of the women of 30-39 years old had not practiced family planning although they had 2-3 children and they used more such less effective methods as safe-period method and condom than the women of 20-29 years old. Overall pregnancy rate was 14.3 per 100 woman-years. Women of 25-29 years old had the highest pregnancy rate of 27.4 per ,100 woman-years. Pregnancy wastage including spontaneous and induced abortions and still births was 22.0% of all pregnancies and it increased with the age of women; 15.8% in women less than 30 years old and 43.7% in women of 30 years and over. Women who terminated the pregnancy with induced abortion had more pregnancies, more previous induced and spontaneous abortions and shorter pregnancy interval than those women who terminated with live birth. Pregnant women terminated with a live birth had received 4.2 prenatal cares on the average. Eighty-five percent of deliveries occurred at a medical facility and 15% at home which was substantially lower home delivery rate than the other rural area of Korea. This may be due to the effects of the demonstration project for the primary health care in 1970s in Gunwee county. These findings suggest that family planning service in rural area should be strengthened by promoting the use of more effective contraceptive method among women over 30 years of age.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.91-123
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• 2010

The threat factors available for occurrence given G20 Summit Meeting are expected leader terrorism, hostage terrorism, bomb terrorism, public facilities terrorism, and aircraft terrorism. As for the threat groups, which are expected in Korea, the North Korea, Islam extremist group, and the group such as NGO organization of being opposed to international meeting are regarded as having possibility of causing hazard. Thus, the purpose of this study is to suggest VIP Security-measure plans in the main site in preparation for G20 Summit Meeting. Accordingly, each country in the world is adopting 'the principle of Triple Ring' in common. Thus, it elicited a coping plan by 1st line(inner ring) 2nd line(middle ring) 3rd line(outer ring) based on this principle, and proposed even an opinion together that will need to be reflected in light of policy for the VIP security measures. In conclusion, as for the VIP Security-measure plans in the main site in preparation for G20 Summit Meeting, In the inner ring(safety sector), first, an intercepting measure needs to be devised for a spot of getting into and out of vehicles given the Straight Street. Second, the Walking Formation needs to be reinforced boldly in the exposed area. In the middle ring(security sector), first, the control plan needs to be devised by considering particularity of the main site. Second, there is necessity for adopting the efficient security badge operation plan that is included RFID function within security badge. In the outer ring(aid protective sector), first, there is necessity of preparing for several VIP terrorisms, of collecting information and intelligence, and of reinforcing the information collection system against terrorism under the cooperation with the overseas information agency. Second, the urgent measure training in time of emergency needs to be carried out toward security agent event manpower. Third, to maintain the certain pace in VIP motorcade, the efficient traffic control system needs to be operated. Finally, as for what will need to be reflected in light of policy for VIP security measures, first, there is necessity for allowing VIP residence to be efficiently dispersed to be distributed and controlled. Second, there is necessity for allowing impure element to misjudge or attack to be failed by utilizing diverse deception operations. Third, according to the reorganization in North Korea's Organization of the South Directed Operations, the powerful 'military-support measure' needs to be driven from this G20 Summit Meeting. For this, the necessity was proposed for further reinforcing the front back defense posture under the supervision of the Ministry of National Defense and for positively coping even with detecting and removing poison in preparation for CBR (chemical, biological, and radio-logical) terrorism.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of proteoglycan extracted from cultured mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum IY009. The proteoglycan contained two polymer peaks, one was the higher MW peak of 2,000 kD and the other was low peaks of 12kD. To understand the part of strong pharmaceutical activity between two peak, the proteoglycan was separated by ultrafiltration and column chromatography and then examined the various pharmaceutical effects. High molecular weight fraction possesing high content of ${\beta}-linked$ glucan was exhibited high antitumor activity, against sarcoma 180 bearing ICR mouse. And also, anticomplementary activity was highly observed in high molecule fraction than low it fraction. When the raw 264.7 and murine peritoneal macrophage treated with low fraction, high fraction and other stimuli. The activities inducing tumor necrosis factor of the high factions were $2.2{\sim}2.5$ times stronger than that of low fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to propose plans to increase the number of urban parks as a way to help absorb carbon in order to implement the low carbon green city goals of Gangneung. As a study method, park incentive areas and current park areas were set as parameters and the areas of lacking in park space were categorized according to each indicator. The degree of park shortage was classified by overlapping the park shortage areas. Once the areas needing parks were assessed according to priority, target sites were selected on sites where construction would be actually possible. First, results of analysis showed that Songjeong-Dong and Seongdeok-Dong to the east of the target site lacking park space due to old residences and high population density or industrial use areas, were the most severe in the degree of park shortage. It was also shown that areas with high population density and park shortages included the Ponam-Dong, Okcheon-Dong and Hongje-Dong areas. Accordingly, the east side of the target areas and Hongje-Dong were both considered as high-priority areas needing to increase park space and actual possible target sites were selected for the creation of new, small parks in industrial areas by creating parks in school yards, in facility relocation sites and legal reviews. In addition, analysis indicators of park shortages were re-evaluated according to the securing of the park and it was shown that the problems in park shortages were resolved with the proper positioning of parks. In addition, satisfaction in the area of park per person, $3m^2$ was at a higher than a certain level in all areas except Songjeong-Dong, demonstrating that the park areas were evenly distributed. Areas of park shortage were shown in part of Songjeong-Dong and Seongdeok-Dong. This could be resolved by using alternative park resources such as the adjacent Gyeongpo Provincial Park, the beach and Namdaecheon.