• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.1455-1456
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• 2013

최근 스마트 이동단말에 장착된 영상 센서를 통해 획득한 영상에서 실시간으로 사용자의 눈을 인식하거나 시선을 추적하여 콘텐츠 제어, 행태 분석 등을 수행하는 기술에 대한 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 기존의 영상 분석 기반 시선 추적 기술은 고가의 시선 추적기를 기반으로 하며, 추적한 시선 좌표를 통해 실제 응시객체를 분석하는 사후 작업이 필요하다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 OpenCV를 기반으로 스마트 이동단말의 전면에 장착된 영상 센서에서 사용자의 눈을 인식하고, 시선을 추적한 후, 이를 실시간으로 시선 좌표와 화면의 콘텐츠 내 객체 영역을 매칭함으로써, 응시객체를 분석하는 스마트 이동단말 기반 시선 추적기를 설계하였다. 본 논문의 시선 추적기는 시선 추적을 수행하기 위해, 사용자에게 5개의 화면 교정점을 제공하고 응시하도록 하여 시선 추적 범위를 측정한다. 또한, 스마트 이동단말에 내장된 자이로스코프 센서를 통해 기울기가 변경될 시, 이를 반영하여 시선 교정을 수행하도록 설계하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.91-98
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop and test an eye tracker focusing on early childhood participants, based on the characteristics of early childhood eye tracking studies. Eye tracking collects eye movement data of the subject, which provides scientific evidence of human cognition and thinking. The researcher built a Do It Yourself eye tracker camera module from general electronic components, and used Viewpoint analysis software from Arrington Research. The researcher compared the eye tracking data between the DIY eye tracker group and Tobii Pro eye tracker group, which provides a professional eye tracking system. Eye tracking data was collected from 52 five-year old children. The average proportion of valid trials between the two groups was compared with t test, and no significant difference was found. This result indicates that the DIY eye tracker can be used to collect valid eye tracking data from young children under certain research environment.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.367-373
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve the accuracy of eye trackers and how to analyze them. The proposed method extracts a user profile information created by extracting gaze coordinates and color information based on the exact pupil information, and then, it maintains a high accuracy in the display. In case that extract the user profile information, the changes of the accuracy for the gaze time also is estimated and the optimum parameter value is extracted. In the experimental results for the accuracy of the gaze detection, the accuracy was low if a user took a short time in a specific point. On the other hand, when taking more than two seconds, the accuracy was measured more than 80 %.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.334-351
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• 2018

Teacher's gaze empathy for students in science class is considered to be effective in enhancing the learning effect. Thus, studies on gaze empathy have been conducted, but most of the studies are just to reveal the characteristics of gaze. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with a research to raise the level of science teacher's gaze empathy. The purpose of this study is to develop an instruction consulting strategy based on eye tracking for improving science teachers' gaze empathy. In this study, we selected and analyzed relevant literature on teacher's gaze empathy. We also designed a consulting strategy and then revised the design through expert reviews on validity and reliability. The developed consulting strategy was aimed to improve science teacher's gaze empathy and set quantitative goal based on eye tracking. The consulting strategy consisted of six steps: preparation for consulting, measurement and analysis of teacher's gaze empathy, instruction and feedback of gaze empathy, training for improving gaze empathy, evaluation of consulting result, and completion of the consulting. In addition, the consultation was completed or repeated again through the measurement and evaluation of gaze empathy using eye tracking. The developed consulting strategy has a value in that it provides an alternative with quantitative diagnosis and prescription for improving gaze empathy. The strategy can contribute to enhance teacher professional competency through the analysis of teaching behavior.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2021

Eye tracking is one of the NUI technologies, and it finds out where the user is gazing. This technology allows users to input text or control GUI, and further analyzes the user's gaze so that it can be applied to commercial advertisements. In the eye tracking system, the allowable range varies depending on the quality of the image and the degree of freedom of movement of the user. Therefore, there is a need for a method of estimating the accuracy of eye tracking in advance. The accuracy of eye tracking is greatly affected by how the eye tracking algorithm is implemented in addition to hardware variables. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a method to estimate how many degrees of gaze changes when the pupil center moves by one pixel by estimating the maximum possible movement distance of the pupil center in the image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.409-414
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• 2021

본 연구는 소셜로봇 디자인 연구의 흐름 중 하나인 로봇의 외형에 관하여 시선 추적을 활용하고자 한다. 소셜로봇의 몸 전체, 얼굴, 눈, 입술 등의 관심 영역으로부터 측정된 사용자의 시선 추적 지표와 디자인평가 설문을 통하여 파악된 사용자의 태도를 연결하여 소셜로봇의 디자인에 연구 모형을 구성하였다. 구체적으로 로봇에 대한 사용자의 태도를 형성하는 메커니즘을 발견하여 로봇 디자인 시 참고할 수 있는 구체적인 인사이트를 발굴하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서 사용된 시선 추적 지표는 고정된 시간(Fixation), 첫 응시 시간(First Visit), 전체 머문 시간(Total Viewed), 그리고 재방문 횟수(Revisits)이며, 관심 영역인 AOI(Areas of Interests)는 소셜로봇의 얼굴, 눈, 입술, 그리고 몸체로 설계하였다. 그리고 디자인평가 설문을 통하여 소셜로봇의 감정 표현, 인간다움, 얼굴 두각성 등의 소비자 신념을 수집하였고, 종속변수로 로봇에 대한 태도로 설정하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a gaze depth estimation method based on a binocular eye tracker for virtual reality and augmented reality applications. The proposed gaze depth estimation method collects a wide range information of each eye from the eye tracker such as the pupil center, gaze direction, inter pupil distance. It then builds gaze estimation models using Multilayer perceptron which infers gaze depth with respect to the eye tracking information. Finally, we evaluated the gaze depth estimation method with 13 participants in two ways: the performance based on their individual models and the performance based on the generalized model. Through the evaluation, we found that the proposed estimation method recognized gaze depth with 90.1% accuracy for 13 individual participants and with 89.7% accuracy for including all participants.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2004

In Accordance with the change of design paradigm, the design process has changed into user-centered workflow from designer-centered workflow. Since the purpose of the past research methods is quantitative analysis or the understanding of the present situation, it doesn't fit in practical design that expressed the user's needs. Therefore, the real data about what they see and how they feel will be useful for the user-centered design. This paper's objective is to analyze eye-movement recordings and pupil size of user for mobile interface design. For this objective, it was experimented on that the user's eyegaze data of using a mobile phone by the Eyegaze Interface System, and analyzed three levels of user's task performance. The results provided evaluation of new developed and old existing interface design of mobile phone by the experiment of eye-movement recordings and pupil size. The benefit of results is compliment of the limitation of current usability test through visual characteristics of design and qualitative data of user.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2022

The size of the virtual reality market is growing every year, but cybersickness that occurs in virtual reality has not been resolved yet. In this paper, results were derived through experiments on the relationship between cybersickness and gaze guidance occurring in virtual reality contents. Using eye tracking technique, the relationship of gaze movement with cybersickness was identified. The experiment was divided into two groups to find out whether visual induction affects cyber sickness. In addition, the results were analyzed by dividing the two groups to check whether cyber sickness showed different results according to gender. We also analyzed using the SSQ questionnaire to measure cybersickness. We tried to understand the relationship between gaze guidance and cybersickness through two methods. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the induction of a clear gaze caused the concentration of the gaze, and it was effective in cybersickness through the rotation of the camera. In order to alleviate cyber sickness, it has been confirmed that concentrating one's eyes through gaze-guided production is effective for cyber sickness. It is hoped that this result will be used as a way to alleviate cyber sickness for producers who want to use virtual reality to produce content.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.275-276
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• 2022

본 연구는 웹캠을 기반으로한 시선 추적 알고리즘에 대한 성능을 실시간으로 분석함과 동시에 그 결과를 직관적으로 비교해볼 수 있는 프로그램 개발에 대한 것이다. 시선 추적을 위한 훌륭한 알고리즘들과 학습 모델이 개발되고 있으나 개발 대상 어플리케이션에 적합한 알고리즘을 선별하거나 파라미터를 최적화하기 위해서는 알고리즘의 성능을 빠르고 효과적으로 가늠해볼 수 있는 테스트베드 개발이 동반되어야한다. 따라서 본 연구는 웹캠을 기반으로 시선 추적 알고리즘을 구현한 사례와 함께 개발된 알고리즘의 성능을 테스트해볼 수 있는 프로그램 개발에 대한 내용을 기술하였다.