• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.5-7
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• 2000

국내에서의 식이섬유의 이용은 대부분 저분자량의 수용성 식이섬유를 이용한 음료형태가 주류를 이루고 있으며, 밀기울, 귀리, 옥수수 껍질 등으로 부터 얻는 불용성 식이섬유는 제과 및 제빵등에 이용되어 오고 있다. 수용성 식이섬유는 혈중 콜레스테롤을 저하시키며, 불용성 식이섬유는 변비예방과 장기능 증진효과가 탁월한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러므로, 대장암과 변비같은 장질환 환자가 날로 증가하고 있는 상황에서 국내산 미이용 자원으로부터 불용성 식이섬유의 기능성 향상과 활용기술을 개발하는 것은 식품산업적 가치가 크다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 국내에서 소비되고 있는 폴리덱스트로스와 올리고당과 같은 기능성 당류의 대부분이 외국에서 수입하여 국내에 보급되고 있기 때문에 큰 외화지출이 되고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 국내산 미곡 부산물인 밀기울 식이섬유 세포벽의 불용성 구조를 수용성으로 변화시킬 수 있는 변형기술과 얻어진 수용성 식이섬유 소재의 특성을 소개하고자 한다. 즉, 밀기울 세포벽의 수용화를 위한 가공처리는 압출성형 공정에 의하여 실시하였으며, 수용화가 수반되는 압출성형 조건에 따른 식이섬유 소재의 이화학적 특성과 수용화가 일어난 세포벽 성분의 분해기작에 대한 연구결과를 정리하였다. 그리고, 현행 올리고당과 식이섬유의 산업적 생산공정에서 문제점으로 대두되고 있는 효소처리, 산성하에서의 감압가열, 고점도 원료물질의 이송, 생물공학적 공정제어, 반응시간, 잔여 효소의 불활성화 및 재활용, 제조원가 상승 등과 같은 것을 해결하거나 개선할 수 있는 효율적인 압출반응공정의 조건과 생산된 소재 glucooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide 등의 특성에 대하여 논하여 보기로 한다.경우가 많지 않다. 또한 그 발생 경위나 원인요소에 대해서는 일반에게 공개되지 않고 있어, 우리가 실천하여 식중독을 예방할 수 있는 정보가 함께 제시되지 못하는 형편이다. 따라서 본 고에서는 최근 수년간 외국에서 학교급식을 비롯한 집단급식 등에서 발생한 식중독 사례를 중심으로 고찰, 분석하였다. 이로부터 식중독 발생에 기여한 주요 원인을 찾아내고 여기서 얻어지는 교훈을 토대로 식중독 발생을 예방 및 최소화할 수 있는 실천적 대처 방안을 모색해 보고자 한다.중의 E. coli O157:H7이 연관되어있다는 보고도 있다. 목장 방문시 원유를 마신 어린이에서 HUS가 유발하였고, 균분리 결과, 농장의 소와 어린이에서 유사한 E. coli O157:H7이 분리된 바 있다. 본 연자들은 베로톡신 유형, plasmid profiles, RFLP 분석, phage type을 기초로하여 소에서 분리된 E. coli O157:H7이 사람유래주와 매우 유사함을 확인하였다.mm 및 2-6mm 난포에서의 101개(67.8%) 및 47개(50.0%) 보다 매우 낮게 나타났다. 전체 회수 난포란수도 4등급이 59.1%(149/252)로써 1, 2, 3등급의 0.4% (1/252), 7.6%(19/252) 및 32.9%(83/252)보다 높게 나타났다. 1회 평균 회수 난포란은 $\leq$2mm 난포에서 4.8$\pm$3.7개로써 2-6mm(3.0$\pm$3.4개) 및 $\geq$6mm (0.3$\pm$0.6개)보다 높았으며, 1회당 평균 8.1$\pm$5.1개의 난포란을 회수하였다. investigation can be separated into sa

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated factors for affecting pneumothorax in percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of lung lesions. This research were conducted at University Hospital in Daejeon from August 2007 to May 2008. Total 104 patients between the ages of 25~85 who had focal lung lesions were grouped in terms of the tumor location, tumor size, depth of lesion, gender, age, biopsy time, and the number of biopsies. Then, their correlations with pneumothorax were studied. The incidence of pneumothorax according to the positions showed 27.3% in the right lower lobe, 24.3% in the right upper lobe, 15% in the left lower lobe and 12% in the left upper, respectively. In addition, the incidence by lesion size showed 24.0% in 0~2.0 cm, 18.2% in 2.1~4.0 cm, above 20.0% in 4.1 cm respectively. The probabilities of pneumothorax was 6.7% at 0 cm depth of lesion, 24.2% at 0.1~2.0 cm and greater than 26.8% at 2.1 cm. By gender differences, we found that probability of incidence of pneumothrax is 21.7% for male and 17.1% for female. According to age, pneumothorax occurred in 25% in the group of less than 40-years-old, 11.7% in 41~50 years, 14.3% in 51~60 years, 24.1% in 61~70 years old and 24.1% in over 70 years. According to the time of biopsy, the incidence of pneumothorax was 3.8% from 0 to 10.0 minutes, 18.9% from 10.1 to 20.0 minutes and 40% more than 21 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

High-Frequency Radar (HF-Radar) data of surface currents in Yeongil Bay (a semi-enclosed sea area of the East Sea) was used to investigate the between wind and horizontal surface currents The variation in horizontal and vertical flow of surface currents correlated closely to the water temperature time-series data of densely spaced (1 to 2 m) layers. During the time-series observation period, when the northeast wind prevailed over the entire Yeongil Bay area, a rapid rise in water temperature was recorded across all the layers. Moreover, currents parallel to the wind direction were clearly observed in low-frequency currents of the surface layer. Time-delayed correlation analysis between wind and surface current confirmed that if northeasterly wind blows in Yeongil Bay and continues unidirectionally, a southwestward surface current occured within a short period of time (1 to 2 hours). Convergence and divergence were calculated from the daily average values of low-frequency surface currents. A rapid rise in temperature occurred in the lower layers of water at the observation points, due to the convergence (downwelling) of the surface seawater (relatively high temperature water) associated with the northeasterly wind.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.910-920
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• 2006

We consider the problem of estimating a code-timing of DS-CDMA signal in antenna array systems in the presence of flat fading channels and near-far environments. We derive an approximate maximum likelihood algorithm of estimating the code-timing of a desired user for DS-CDMA systems to better utilize the time-varying characteristics of the fading process. In the development of code timing estimator, the given observation bits are divided into many sets of sub-windows with each sufficiently large. The proposed method uses sub-windows with equal size associated with the coherence time of channel fading. The alternative approach is that without the estimation of the fading rate, the sufficiently given observation bits are simply separated into two consecutive sets of sub-windows. The derivation of the proposed algorithms is based on multiple antennas partially correlated in space. The impacts of spatial fading correlation on acquisition and men acquisition time performance of the proposed algorithms are also examined.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.71-85
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• 2009

The demand for mobile database applications has been rapidly increased with the growth of mobile users and the development of wireless Internet technology. But the productivity of mobile applications is low and it takes much time to manage the versions of applications because the user interface and query processing code of applications is manually written. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the MobileGen that is a script generator for mobile database applications. The generated scripts enhance mobile application productivity by providing the code for operating with a database and processing user queries. Each script provides a corresponding deck that is a set of related cards as user interface. The MobileGen supports easy version management of generated applications and the MobileGen itself because it is based on the templates that are frameworks for scripts. Moreover, the MobileGen provides not only the interested entity but also the entities that are related directly and indirectly with the interested entity unlike the most commercial mobile script generators.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.375-381
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out the spatial expression characteristics of Philipstock from a heterotopic perspective in the background of the times of modern people struggling to live in the era of an infectious disease called COVID-19 along with the era of the 4th industrial revolution. As for the research method, a total of 11 places were selected, focusing on the completed works of interior space from 2015 to the present, when they are more active after retirement, to find out the characteristics of spatial expression through literature and case studies. As a result, the spatial expression characteristics of narrative that only space has were the most frequent, and it was found that the characteristics of imaginary space and fantasy, which are the form of overlapping time to express a place, were interrelated. Philip Stock's design method, which uses narrative, fantasy, and imaginary spatial characteristics, can be seen as sufficiently representing heterotopic characteristics and can be used as another design methodology when designing a new space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1172-1179
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• 2015

This study investigated optimal extraction conditions for application of Ulmus pumila L. as a natural antioxidant. U. pumila L. was extracted using ethanol (EtOH) at various concentrations (0, 40, and 80%) and extraction times (1, 2, and 3 h) at $70^{\circ}C$ and then evaluated for extraction yield, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activities [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC)]. Antioxidant activities were correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Of the solvent conditions, 80% EtOH extracts for 3 h at $70^{\circ}C$ showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents with strong antioxidant activities, although there were no significant time effects on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power. However, ORAC values of all EtOH extracts remarkably increased in a time-dependent manner. In addition, 80% EtOH extract for 3 h exhibited strong antioxidant effects on HDF and 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, the antioxidant capacity of U. pumila L., may due to phenolic and flavonoid contents, and extraction conditions were 80% EtOH for 3 h at $70^{\circ}C$. This extract could be a good source for natural antioxidants.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.581-587
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• 2009

Purpose : To evaluate the correlation between serum methotrexate (MTX) peak levels and clinical outcome of osteosarcoma, as well as to determine the correlation of these levels with the histologic response and event-free survival (EFS). Methods : To maintain the homogeneity of the study population, we selected 52 patients with localized extremity osteosarcoma who had received two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of high-dose (HD) MTX ($12g/m^2$), cisplatin ($100mg/m^2$), and doxorubicin ($60mg/m^2$). Results : Totally, 204 courses of HD MTX were administered. The serial MTX levels ($mean{\pm}SE$) at 4 h (peak), 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h were $1292.14{\pm}12.83{\mu}m$, $9.29{\pm}3.89{\mu}m$, $1.73{\pm}1.37{\mu}m$, and $0.58{\pm}0.44{\mu}m$, respectively. The peak MTX serum level was $1292.14{\pm}12.83{\mu}m$. Neither the continuous average MTX peak level nor the dichotomized MTX peak level was related to the histologic response. However, the patients with a high 24-h MTX level ($3.4{\mu}m$) had a poor histologic response (P=0.044). An inverse relationship was observed between MTX levels and survival: the EFS was better in the patients with a mean MTX peak level of less than $1,400{\mu}m$ (P=0.002) and mean 24-h MTX level of less than $3.4{\mu}m$ (P=0.011). Conclusion : The inverse correlation between the MTX level and the outcome is an unexpected finding. Further study on the pharmacokinetics of MTX is required to substantiate our findings and elucidate the mechanism involved.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2007

This study investigated the interaction between groundwater and stream water systems, which is caused by the artificial weir on streambed, enforcing external stresses on the groundwater system. The study area is in Nami Natural Recreation Woods located in Chungcheongnam-do Geumsan-gun Nami-myeon Geoncheon-ri. In this study both of hydrophysical methods (hydraulic head) and hyrdochemical investigations (pH, EC, major ion analysis) were applied. In order to identify the relationship between each of study results, cross-correlation analysis is performed. From results of hydrophysical methods, water level fluctuation at BH-14, installed by the weir, shows the double-recession pattern much more frequently and much higher amplitudes than the fluctuation at each of other monitoring wells. Using the results by hydrochemical investigations, hydrochemical properties at BH-14 is similar to the hydrochemical characteristics in stream water. To analyze the interrelationships between the results from each of applied methods, cross-correlation analysis was applied. Results from the correlation analyses, water levels at BH-14 and stream weir showed the highest cross-correlation in hydrophysical aspects. On the other hand, the correlation between stream weir and bridge was the highest in hydrochemical aspects. The difference between the results from each of methods is due that the hydrophysical response at BH-14, such as water level, is induced by the pressure propagation-not with mass transfer, but the hydrochemical interaction, caused by mass transport, takes much more times. In conclusion impermeable artificial weir on streambed changes the interfacial condition between the stream and surrounding aquifers. The induced water flux into the groundwater system during flood period make water level at BH-14 increase instantly and groundwater quality higly similar to the quality of stream water. Referred similarities in both of water level and water quality at BH-14 become much higher when water level at weir grow higher.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The objective of the present study was to determine the expression of genes associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stressor in two breeds of chickens: the Korean native chicken (KNC) and the White Leghorn chicken (WLH). Forty chickens per breed, aged 40 weeks, were randomly allotted to the control (CON, administered the saline vehicle) and LPS-injected stress groups. Samples were collected at 0 and 48 h post-LPS injection, and total RNA was extracted from the chicken livers for RNA microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. In response to LPS, 1,044 and 1,193 genes were upregulated, and 1,000 and 1,072 genes were downregulated in the KNC and WLH, respectively, using a ${\geq}2$-fold cutoff change. A functional network analysis revealed that stress-related genes were downregulated in both KNC and WLH after LPS infection. The results obtained from the qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of heat shock 90 (HSP90), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) were confirmed by the results of the microarray analysis. There was a significant difference in the expression of stress-associated genes between the control and LPS-injected KNC and WLH groups. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the stress-related $HSP90{\alpha}$ and HMGCR genes were downregulated in both LPS-injected KNC and WLH groups. However, the HSP70 and $HSP90{\beta}$ genes were upregulated only in the LPS-injected KNC group. The results suggest that the mRNA expression of stress-related genes is differentially affected by LPS stimulation, and some of the responses varied with the chicken breed. A better understanding of the LPS-induced infective stressors in chicken using the qRT-PCR and RNA microarray analyses may contribute to improving animal welfare and husbandry practices.