• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.74-87
• /
• 1995

본 연구는 청주시 주부의 시간사용과 관리전략을 조사하여 가정생활 개선과 질적향상을 도모하기 위한것이다. 94년 10월 중순에 예비조사를 거쳐 동안 11월~12월에 걸쳐 본조사를 실시하였고 기재미비를 제외한 388부를 분석에 사용하였다. 자료분석은 SAS/PC program을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 생리적 생활시간 사용은 휴일이 평일보다 2시간 더 많고 가사적 생활시간은 휴일과 평일이 거의 비슷하다. 또한 사회문화적인 생활시간 사용은 휴일이 평일보다 2,2시간 더 많았던 반면, 수입노동시간은 평일이 휴일보다 5배나 많았다. 마감시간, 가사분담, 편의품 및 서어비스이용 의 관리전략을 많이 사용하는 반면, 긴장해소, 시간계획, 가정기기이용의 관리전략을 적게사용한다. 2) 배경변인에 따라 생활시간 사용 및 관리전략은 유의적 차이가 있었다. 3) 역할갈등인식이 낮을수록, 결혼지속년수가 짧을수록, 주부교육수준이 높을수록, 그리고 소득이 많을수록, 시간관리전략을 더 자주 사용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.1191-1195
• /
• 2010

도달시간 또는 집중시간이란 어떤 유역에 강우가 발생하였을 때 유역의 최상류부에서 내린 강우가 유역의 최하류부 출구점까지 도달하는 데 소요되는 시간으로 정의된다. 일반적으로 유역출구점에서의 첨두홍수량은 도달시간만큼 지체되어 발생하고, 하천의 치수 시설물을 설계하는데 있어 기준이 되므로 정확한 홍수도달시간의 산정은 매우 중요한 과업 중 하나이다. 현재 국내에서는 Kirpich 공식, Rziha 공식, Kraven 공식, SCS(NRCS; Natural Resources Conservation Service) 공식 등을 이용하여 도달시간을 산정한 후 그 유역에 적절한 것을 채택하는 방식으로 홍수도달시간을 산정하고 있다. 이러한 경험식들은 모두 유역의 지배적인 유로의 연장과 하도경사에 의해 결정되어 홍수의 이동특성을 물리적으로 반영할 수 없으며, 유역면적이나 하도 경사에 따라 적용성이 한정되어 있다. 또한 각 경험식들에 따라 산정된 도달시간은 경우에 따라 수십 배의 차이가 나타날 수도 있다, 따라서 본 연구에서는 보다 정확한 유역의 홍수도달시간을 산정하기 위하여 상세 지형정보를 이용하며, 임의의 격자점에 내린 강우의 흐름방향을 결정하고 인접 격자점에서 유입되는 홍수의 이동경로를 보다 물리적이고 현실적으로 모의하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.219-224
• /
• 1998

통행시간가치에 대한 신뢰구간추정 방법론을 제시하고 서울시 출근통행자의 시간가치 신뢰구간의 추정을 통하여 그 적용사례를 예시하였다. 사례분석을 통하여 서울시 출근통행자의 평균시간가치는 시간당 7,341원으로 추정되었고, 95%신뢰구간의 하한치는 5,454(원/시간), 상한치는 10,806(원/시간)으로 추정되었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.209-221
• /
• 2009

Travel time estimation under given traffic conditions is important for providing drivers with travel time prediction information. But the present expressway travel time estimation process cannot calculate a reliable travel time. The objective of this study is to estimate the path travel time spent in a through lane between origin tollgates and destination tollgates on an expressway as a prerequisite result to offer reliable prediction information. Useful and abundant toll collection system (TCS) data were used. When estimating the path travel time, the path travel time is estimated combining the link travel time obtained through a preprocessing process. In the case of a lack of TCS data, the TCS travel time for previous intervals is referenced using the linear interpolation method after analyzing the increase pattern for the travel time. When the TCS data are absent over a long-term period, the dynamic travel time using the VDS time space diagram is estimated. The travel time estimated by the model proposed can be validated statistically when compared to the travel time obtained from vehicles traveling the path directly. The results show that the proposed model can be utilized for estimating a reliable travel time for a long-distance path in which there are a variaty of travel times from the same departure time, the intervals are large and the change in the representative travel time is irregular for a short period.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.133-146
• /
• 1993

Monthly variation of fatness index of the shortnecked clam was investigated at Moonhangri in Namhaedo of the southern coast of Korea from April 1991 to March 1992. The standing crops of umbo stage larvae and spats of this bivalve were also investigated. The results are as follows: The ranges of a monthly average water temperature and salinity were $6.9\~23.5^{\circ}C$ and $29.6\~33.1%o$ during the investigation period. Fatness index of the shortnecked clam decreased suddenly from June to September, which seemed to be spawning season. The umbo stage larvae of the clam were observed from May to November. The standing crops of the larvae were $883\;inds./m^3$ in August and$68\;inds./m^3$ in November. The observed number per ~ of the spats varied with the month and the different exposure time zones. The highest density $(1,508\;inds./m^3)$ was observed 1 hour exposure zone in August, and the lowest one $(28 inds./m^3)$ at 1 hour exposure station in April. Even the observed number of the spats below 4 mm in shell length were high in 1 and 3 hour exposure zones, the spats above 4 mm in shell length were observed mainly at 3 hour exposure zone.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.20 no.6 s.84
• /
• pp.630-636
• /
• 2004

The effects of soaking and steaming time on the quality characteristics of Korean rice cake (karedduk) were investigated. As the soaking time increased, the water-binding capacity and rice floor solid content also increased. After 8 to 10 hr soaking, 75.2 to $76.8\%$ of particles were smaller than $40\;{\mu}m$, and 23.2 to $24.8\%$ within the range of 40 to $100\;{\mu}m$. Therefore, an extended soaking time reduced the particle size. Texture is an important characteristic used to differentiate karedduk varieties, and is considered by the consumer as a determinant of the overall quality and preference. The hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of the karedduk structure decreased with increasing steaming time, but the springiness was highest after a 40 min steaming time. The overall texture properties were also more acceptable with 8 and 10 hrs soaking times. The L value of the karedduk decreased with increasing steaming time, but the b value increased. Also, the results of the sensory evaluation showed that an 8 hr soaking time and 40 min steaming time produced more acceptable karedduk in terms of whiteness, texture, springiness, chewiness and overall acceptability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.91-95
• /
• 2002

Effects of freeze-drying time on the microbiological, sensory, and other characteristics of freeze-dried kimchi were investigated to optimize freeze-drying time for kimchi. Quality attributes of freeze-dried kimchi, including number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pH, sensory properties, brittleness, rehydration property, moisture content, and microstructure of Chinese cabbage were observed for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Number of LAB and pH of the kimchi freeze-dried for 24 h were significantly changed in comparison with those of the kimchi not freeze-dried. However, further freeze-drying did not change markedly number of LAB and pH. Overall acceptability of the sample freeze-dried for 48 of 72 h was better than that of the sample freeze-dried for 24 h. As freeze-drying time increased, brittleness of the dried sample increased, and rehydration property was improved while dried weight and moisture content of the sample decreased. In conclusion, the sample freeze-dried for 48 h was better than the sample freeze-dried for 24 or 72 h, based on sensory properties and other characteristics.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.301-314
• /
• 2001

Data mining refers to a set of techniques for discovering implicit and useful knowledge from large database. Many studies on data mining have been pursued and some of them have involved issues of temporal data mining for discovering knowledge from temporal database, such as sequential pattern, similar time sequence, cyclic and temporal association rules, etc. However, all of the works treat problems for discovering temporal pattern from data which are stamped with time points and do not consider problems for discovering knowledge from temporal interval data. For example, there are many examples of temporal interval data that it can discover useful knowledge from. These include patient histories, purchaser histories, web log, and so on. Allen introduces relationships between intervals and operators for reasoning about relations between intervals. We present a new data mining technique that can discover temporal relation rules in temporal interval data by using the Allen's theory. In this paper, we present two new algorithms for discovering algorithm for generating temporal relation rules, discovers rules from temporal interval data. This technique can discover more useful knowledge in compared with conventional data mining techniques.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.567-584
• /
• 2005

Temporal data mining, the incorporation of temporal semantics to existing data mining techniques, refers to a set of techniques for discovering implicit and useful temporal knowledge from temporal data. Association rules and classification are applied to various applications which are the typical data mining problems. However, these approaches do not consider temporal attribute and have been pursued for discovering knowledge from static data although a large proportion of data contains temporal dimension. Also, data mining researches from temporal data treat problems for discovering knowledge from data stamped with time point and adding time constraint. Therefore, these do not consider temporal semantics and temporal relationships containing data. This paper suggests that temporal associative classification technique based on temporal class association rules. This temporal classification applies rules discovered by temporal class association rules which extends existing associative classification by containing temporal dimension for generating temporal classification rules. Therefore, this technique can discover more useful knowledge in compared with typical classification techniques.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.601-608
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted using data from the 2019 National Statistical Office's Life Time Survey, It was to investigate the effect of time-perception on the time-use pattern of 594 single middle-aged women in the city. This study found that there were differences of time management for daily behaviors between the insufficiently-percieved group and the sufficiently-percieved group. The both spent the most time with personal management. Secondly, the sufficiently-perceived group spent the more time with leisure activities than the insufficiently one did; the insufficiently-perceived one did the more work than the sufficiently-perceived one. The founding suggested the difference of time-use pattern by time-perception of the middle-aged women in the city. Also, the leisure activities and work were key factors to understand the daily life of the city-living middle-aged women.