• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2014

This study has analyzed the meaning of observation time in the course of acquiring the information of subjects who observed the space of hall in subway stations to figure out the process of spatial information excluded and the features of intensive searching. The followings are the results from the analysis of searching process with the interpretation of the process for information acquirement through the interpretation of observation area and time. First, based on the general definition of observation time, the reason for analyzing the features of acquiring spatial information according to the subjects' observation time has been established. The feature of decreased analysis data reflected that of observation time in the process of perceiving and recognizing spatial information, which showed that the observation was focused on the enter of the space during the time spent in the process of observing the space and the spent time with considerable exclusion of bottom end (in particular, right bottom end). Second, while the subjects were observing the space of hall in subway stations, they focused on the top of the left center and the signs on the right exit the most, which was followed by the focus on the both side horizontally and the clock on the top. Third, the analysis of consecutive observation frequency enabled the comparison of the changes to the observation concentration by area. The difference of time by area produced the data with which the change to the contents of spatial searching in the process of searching space could be known. Fourth, as the observation frequency in the area of I changed [three times -> six times -> 9 times], the observation time included in the area increased, which showed the process for the change from perception to recognition of information with the concentration of attention through visual information. It makes it possible to understand that more time was spent on the information to be acquired with the exclusion of the unnecessary information around.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

This study is for the analysis to which element of space the users observing the lobby at a public space pay more attention for their visual perception. It is focused on the typology process of observation characters. The subjects, in the observation process, came to be interested in the circumstantial clues for space perception and the detailed characters drawing their interest. I could analyze the observation characters of the subjects observing the space by the comprehension and typology of their observation characters. First, from the viewpoint of successive 9 times of observations, each subject observed for 0.32 second to get the visual perception in the applied space, but spent another 0.39 second for the exploration of another observation object or the space roaming. The observation character of the subjects at the lobby of the public space selected for this experiment was that they spent more time on space exploration than on concentration on a point in the space. Second, I analyzed the typology process through the time range. Since the subjects' frequency varied depending on the way to set up the time range, the necessity was proposed that the time range for the analysis of observation characters should be set up more objectively. Third, in case of analyzing the observation characters by 10-second-unit time range, the concentration in the beginning and the middle was 25%, and that in the beginning and the final 41.7%, which showed that 75% of the subjects concentrated in the beginning of the observation time when the concentration in the beginning is added to it. Fourth, the type 3 categorized as "concentration in the beginning and the middle" is the group 47.1 percent of the subjects belong to, and each subject concentrated 1.1 times in the beginning and 2.1 times in the final, which showed that the concentration in the final was 1.75 times as high as that in the beginning.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.6 s.312
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• pp.46-56
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose an improved reproduction algorithm for a realistic image of the real scene based on the optical characteristics of the light sources and the materials at the lighting environment. This paper is continuation of the previous study to improve the modeling method of the light sources and the materials and apply this to the real rear lamp of automobile. The backward ray tracing method is first used to trace the light ray from a light source, and also considers the physical characteristics of object surfaces and geometric properties of light radiation to estimate accurately the light energy incoming toward to human eyes. For experiments and verification of the proposed method, the simulation results are compared with the measured light stimuli. Accordingly, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can estimate light energy well and reproduce the visually similar image with a scene incident on a sight of viewer.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

In current information society, there is a barrier called digital divide. Due to this barrier, the disabled have difficulties to communicate with the world. Recently, with advanced smart techniques, smart devices become necessity for the disabled. Currently improvements of smart application accessibility become a great concern for the disabled. The purpose of this paper is to present some guidelines for enhancing smart application accessibility for the disabled. The enhancement guidelines are developed based on the existing mobile accessibility guidelines and modified for better adaptability for the disabled. Our principles are as follows: minimizing blue light emission from smart devices, automatic focus on input window, action trace, font color change, emergency notification by motion, gesture recognition, control location, scrolling avoidance, auditory service for visual warning, and icon literation.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2003

The design on the Telemetry Ground System for launch of KSLV(Korea Space Launch Vehicle) in the korean Space center has been conducted in this study. For the optimized system design, first of all, the system deployment plan reflecting the topographic and geographic environments of the space center and launch vehicle characteristics has been developed. The RF link budget analysis for the maximum tracking range, requirement for receiving subsystem including antenna subsystem, requirement for data processing subsystem are also analyzed based on the On-Board Telemetry characteristics and launch vehicle parameters. Based on those analysis, telemetry ground system containing tracking/receiving subsystem, recording subsystem and data processing subsystem, timing subsystem, calibration subsystem and monitoring and control subsystem are designed. Futhermore, the analysis for the maximum permissible data latency and communication protocol between each telemetry station and control center are conducted and the entire system is designed so that the major telemetry parameters selected to the best quality are provided in real time to the control center(RCC, RSC) for the launch mission operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2013

It is well known that a single moving camera video is capable of extracting the 3-dimensional position of an object. With this in mind, current research performed image-based monitoring to establish a floating structure model using a camcorder system. Following this, the present study extracted frame images from digital camcorder video clips and matched the interest points to obtain relative 3D coordinates for both regular and irregular wave conditions. Then, the researchers evaluated the transformation accuracy of the modified SURF-based matching and image-based displacement estimation of the floating structure model in regular wave condition. For the regular wave condition, the wave generator's setting value was 3.0 sec and the cycle of the image-based displacement result was 2.993 sec. Taking into account mechanical error, these values can be considered as very similar. In terms of visual inspection, the researchers observed the shape of a regular wave in the 3-dimensional and 1-dimensional figures through the projection on X Y Z axis. In conclusion, it was possible to calculate the displacement of a floating structure module in near real-time using an average digital camcorder with 30fps video.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.512-515
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose layout based multimodal contents authoring tool for Digilog Book. In authoring step, users create a virtual area using mouse or pen-type device and select property of the area repetitively. After finishing authoring step, system recognizes printed page number and generate page layout including areas and property information. Page layout is represented as a scene graph and stored as XML format. Digilog Book viewer loads stored page layout and analyze properties then augment virtual contents or execute functions based on area. Users can author visual and auditory contents easily by using hybrid interface. In AR environment, system provides area templates in order to help creating area. In addition, proposed authoring tool separates page recognition module from page tracking module. So, it is possible to author many pages using only single marker. As a result of experiment, we showed proposed authoring tool has reasonable performance time in AR environment. We expect that proposed authoring tool would be applicable to many fields such as education and publication.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.99-104
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• 2009

최근 멀티미디어 기술과 가상/증강현실 기술의 발전으로 사용자에게 몰입감 있는 콘텐츠를 제공하는 여러 시스템들이 제안되고 있다. 또한 기존의 시각과 음향효과만으로 이루어진 시스템의 한계를 넘어서 실제와 같은 느낌을 전달할 수 있는 햅틱기술을 적용하여 보다 몰입감있는 체험형 실감책들이 고안되고 있다. 본 논문은 과학교과서를 중심으로 과학적 이론을 보다 효과적으로 가르치고 배우기 위해 필요한 다양한 촉감(Haptic)을 분류하고, 이를 실감책에 적용하여 책이 담고 있는 주요 내용 또는 삽화와 관련된 다양한 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 가상/증강환경에서 시청각정보와 함께 촉각콘텐츠를 독자에게 제공함으로써 보고, 듣고 만질 수 있는 적극적인 촉감 상호작용이 가능한 실감책 ('Sil-Gam' Book) 시스템의 기본 프레임워크를 제시한다. 제시된 실감책은 크게 세 부분으로 구성된다. 첫째, 실감책을 읽고 있는 사용자의 손가락의 위치, 시선과 같은 사용자의 움직임을 추적하고 책의 크기, 페이지 등을 인식하는 센서가 부착된 센싱 부; 둘째, 장비에 따라 적용 가능한 촉감 속성, 물체의 움직임에 따라 적용할 수 있는 촉감 속성등 다양한 촉감콘텐츠의 속성을 저작하고 편집하는 소프트웨어 부; 마지막으로 사용자에게 저작된 실감 콘텐츠를 사용자가 쉽고 직관적으로 체험하게 하기 위한 디스플레이부로 구성된다. 여기서 디스플레이 부는 세부적으로 시청각 콘텐츠를 전달하는 시청각 디스플레이 부와 역촉감 콘텐츠를 전달하는 역촉감 디스플레이부로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 또한 실감책 촉감 저작도구를 사용하여 제시할 수 있는 다양한 촉감을 중고등학교 교육과정에서 배우는 과학 이론에 적용하여 과학 실험시 경험할 수 있는 다양한 역/촉감을 전달하는 몇 가지 시나리오를 예시하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.629-643
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• 2014

It is common to check the validity of an assumed model with the heavy use of diagnostics tools when conducting data analysis with regression techniques; however, outliers and influential data points often distort the regression output in undesired manner. Jang and Anderson-Cook (2013) proposed a graphical method called a firework plot for exploratory analysis that could visualize the trace of the impact of possible outlying and/or influential data points on individual regression coefficients and the overall residual sum of squares(SSE) measure. They developed 3-D plot as well as pair-wise plot for the appropriate measures of interest. In this paper, the approach was extended further to tell the strength of their approach; in addition, a more meaningful interpretation was possible by adding a measure not mentioned in their paper. This approach was applied to the mixture experiment because we felt that a detailed analysis of statistical measure sensitivity is required in a small experiment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.145-153
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• 2015

For this research with the objects of spaces in two department stores which can be referred to as representative facility of commercial space, observation test has carried out to estimate how much visitors rivet their eyes to the display of shops. In addition, to find out what effect the difference among the department types has on the selective attention to space element, the observation time was applied as a medium for estimation. The followings are the result from analyzing the observation frequency and the observation intensity feature of each section where the characteristics of design could be found at attention. First, both images of A and B had concentrative dominant-observation at left shops. In case of Image A, Customers began to observe the right shops very attentively after 25 seconds, and with Image B, the attentive observation at right and left took place alternatively after 35 seconds. In other words, regardless of the characteristics of shop displays, the left shops were observed first while in case of the observation after the early and middle time-frame the characteristics of shops were found to have effects on observation. Second, the normal observation showed some difference among attention sections over time while on the whole both images of A and B had the same highly attentive observation at the middle space. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the middle space was playing a faithful role as background for commercial spaces. Third, the ignorant observation, which is the opposite to the attentive observation, was found different between the images of A and B. When the ignorant observation is considered to have intentionality, it will be possible to set up the display which may attract the attention aggressively by the process of figuring out the characteristics of ignored shops.