• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2009

우리나라를 비롯한 동양문화권에서는 천연 약용식물자원의 이용을 통하여 전통적으로 지역 보건향상을 도모해 왔으며 최근 성인병과 난치병 해결을 위한 대체의학에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 약용식물자원을 이용한 건강기능식품 분야가 주목되고 있다. 약용식물자원은 민간에서 약선음식 등에 널리 활용되고 있지만 원료 농산물을 그대로 이용하는 수준으로 광범위한 적용성을 가지는 약선식품용 소재화 기술개발은 약용식물자원의 소비촉진에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 약선식품용 식품소재 개발의 일환으로 약용식물자원의 배합비와 추출물의 제형이 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 스트레스 경감기능을 보유하는 약용식물자원은 고문헌에 기초하여 선정하였으며 약선원리에 따라 소정의 조건으로 3종(CLP 1, CLP 2, CLP 3) 배합비를 설정하였다. 추출물은 온도를 달리한 열수에 추출하고 유동Ext, 분무건조분말 및 과립으로 제형화 하였고 품질특성은 폴리페놀함량, 용해도, 투과도 및 색도특성을 분석하였다. 약용식물자원 혼합 추출물의 수율은 CLP 2가 65%로 가장 많았으며 1차 추출에서 76%의 수율을 보였고 추출시간대비 수율은 상업적 추출의 경우가 가장 높았다. 유동 Ext의 폴리페놀함량은 CLP 2가 g 당 11~13 mg을 함유하여 가장 많았고 CLP1과 CLP 2는 동등한 수준을 나타냈다. 유동 Ext는 99%의 용해도를 보였으며 투과도는 CLP 3가 52~68%로 가장 낮았으며 추출조건에 따라 색도가 차이가 있었다. 분말형태의 경우 폴리페놀 함량은 분무건조로 제조한 CLIP 2가 15.40mg/g으로 가장 많았다. 부형제로 과립화한 CLP 3가 g당 1.7 mg으로 가장 적었다. 분무건조분말은 98~99%의 용해도를 보였으며 부형제를 사용하여 분무건조하거나 과립화한 시료는 투과도와 명도가 높았으며 적색도와 황색도 및 갈색도가 낮았다. 이상의 결과는 약용식물자원 혼합 추출물은 원료의 조합비와 추출물의 제형은 식품소재화에 따른 품질특성의 영향인자로 작용함을 나타낸다.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

This study tried to evaluate the difference of stress degree by Sasang constitution and lifestyle for workplace labors, and suggested the preventive oriental medicine approaches in occupational health area. 479 data for research were collected through the process of oriental health examination with questionnaire in workplace, and collected data were analyzed with frequency, crosstab, and Two-Way ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1) All subjects, total 479 were men, and constitutional distributions were 39.2% of Taeumin, 32.4% of Soumin, and 28.4% of Soyangin. The distributions of stress score were 13.2% of normal group, 13.4% of high risk group, and 73.5% of potential risk group. 2) There were no statistically significant differences for stress by constitution(p=0.085). By the results of optimal scaling and homogeneity analysis, Soyangin was close to potential risk group compared to other constitution, and Soumin and Taeumin were close to high risk and normal group, respectively. 3) For the difference of stress score by Sasang constitution and lifestyle, Soumin who exercised nearly everyday had the highest stress score with interaction in Factor 4 area(p<0.05), and there was no interaction in other area. 4) For the difference of PWI score by lifestyle, there were statistically significant differences for drinking(p<0.01), smoking(p<0.01), and obesity index(p<0.01)

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 1994

To improve the productivity of peroxidase (POD) of cell line SP-47 derived from cell suspension cultures of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.cv White Star), we optimized culture conditions including the composition and concentration of plant growth regulators and carbon source, and the cell inoculum size. When one g (fr wt) of cells was inoculated into 50 mL TL medium supplemented with l mg/L 2,4-D and 30g/L sucrose in 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask at 25$^{\circ}C$ in the dark (100rpm), the POD activity per g cell dry wt was maximized to be about 6,800 units after 25 days of subculture, which was about 30 times higher than that of intact roots of horseradish plants grown in the greenhouse, but the cell growth was maximum after 15 days of subculture. The protein content per g cell dry wt maintained almost plateau and after 25 days of subculture decreased as culture Proceeded further whereas the POD specific activity (unit/mg protein) was about two times higher after subculture and continuously increased from 12 days to the end of cultures (40 days). The POD isozyme patterns showed almost the same regardless of cell growth stage, but some acidic isozymes were slightly increased after 25 days of subculture. These results indicate that POD activity in suspension cultures of sweet potato is closely associated with cell growth and stresses derived from cell culture renditions and medium depletion. Due to its high POD activity the SPL47cell line seems to be suitable for the mass production of POD.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1999

The gamma radiation-induced changes of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in callus cultures of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) selected as a high yield of cell line for SOD were investigated. In normal cultures, the cell growth reached a maximum at 30 days after subculture (DAS), followed by a rapid decrease with further cultures. The SOD and POD specific activities (units/mg protein) showed the highest at the immediately after subculture and subsequently decreased to 20 DAS, and then increased to 30 DAS, whereas the CAT activity showed the lowest at just after subculture, and it continuously increased from 15 DAS to 30 DAS, showing a good correlation with the cell growth. Irradiation of gamma-ray of 50 and 70 Gy on 7 DAS inhibited significantly the cell growth by 50% and 80% at 14 days after treatment (DAT), respectively. In the cells irradiated with 70 Gy, SOD and POD specific activities increased by 4 and 2.5 folds at 14 DAT, respectively, whereas CAT activity was not affected. The results indicate that SOD and POD may be involved in the antioxidative mechanism in relation to oxidative stresses induced by subcultures and by gamma radiation in callus cultures of cassava.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.155-170
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• 2018

In this paper, mechanisms of gene editing technologies including ZFN, TALENS and CRISPR were briefly discussed with mutual advantages and disadvantages. Classification criteria of gene edited, site-directed mutagenesis (SDN) crops for regulatory purpose were also discussed. The number of studies using CRISPR technology was high and studies conducted on Arabidopsis thaliana and rice were highest, followed by tobacco, tomato, wheat, and corn. It has been applied to a variety of plants such as other grain crops, flower crops, vegetable crops, and fruit trees. The number of studies focused on practical application or commercialization in the future were also increasing yearly, and the scope of studies also expanded to include research on metabolic engineering for mass production of useful proteins or substances, development of disease resistant crops against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, abiotic environmental stressresistant crops, and increased yields. In addition to this, it was revealed that application range is becoming more diversified, including the development of parthenocarpic tomatoes, hybrid rice lines using male sterility and increased shattering resistance Brassica napus. It was also revealed that the number of CRISPR gene edited crops permitted by the USDA(APHIS) increases yearly, to be released in the international seed market soon.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.196-206
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• 2018

Dramatic increase in global population accompanied by rapid industrialization in developing countries has led to serious environmental, food, energy, and health problems. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has estimated world population will increase to 9.7 billion by 2050 and require approximately 1.7 times more food, and more than 3.5 times energy than that of today. Particularly, sweetpotato is easy to cultivate in unfavorable conditions such as heat, drought, high salt, and marginal lands. In this respect, sweetpotato is an industrially valuable starch crop. To replace crops associated with these food and energy problems, it is necessary to develop new crops with improved nutrients and productivity, that can be grown on marginal lands, including desertification areas using plant biotechnology. For this purpose, exploring useful genes and developing genetically modified crops are essential strategies. Currently, sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] have been re-evaluated as the best health food and industrial crop that produces starch and low molecular weight antioxidants, such as vitamin A, vitamin E, anthocyanins and carotenoids. This review will focus on the current status of research on sweetpotato biotechnology on omics including genome sequencing, transcriptome, proteomics and molecular breeding. In addition, prospects on molecular breeding of sweetpotato on marginal lands for sustainable development were described.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2010

White-skinned sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has been traditionally used for diabetes treatment and management in many countries. In this experiment, methanol extract of white-skinned sweet potato (WSPMe) at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight was tested to evaluate its effect on renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Its efficacy was compared with that of insulin secretogogue, glimepiride ($50\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight). Experimental diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. The WSPMe and glimepiride were administered orally for 14 days and the effects on glucose, renal markers including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxide (LPO) level, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activities in kidney were studied. An increase in BUN, creatinine, LDH, glucose, LPO levels and decrease in SOD, CAT, GPx and GST features were observed in diabetic control rats. Administration of WSPMe at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight caused a significant improvement in blood glucose, LPO level, renal markers, lipid peroxidation markers and increased antioxidant levels in diabetic kidney. In conclusion, the WSPMe was found to be effective in reducing oxidative stress, thus confirming the ethnopharmacological use of I. batatas L. in protecting diabetes and its complications.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1476-1482
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• 2010

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of swimming training on response of lipid peroxide (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity of hyperlipidemic rats. Twenty-five male SD rats (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into a control group and 4 swimming groups after hyperlipidemia induction for 4 weeks through a 1% cholesterol diet. Swimming groups were then divided into unloaded swimming group, low-loaded swimming group, moderate-loaded swimming group and high-loaded swimming group by swimming intensity, and made to swim for 6 weeks (6 days/week). The loaded swimming group rats among the swimming groups swam a lead weight equivalent to 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% of body weight attached to the base of the tail. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using an SPSS/$PC^+$ program, and to evaluate the differences between groups, data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test (${\alpha}$=0.05) was performed to test the significant levels of differences between groups. The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows: 1) all swimming groups had significantly lower levels of MDA than the control group (p<0.001). Among the swimming groups, the moderate-loaded group had a significantly lower level than the unloaded group, low-loaded group and high-loaded group (p<0.001). 2) all swimming groups had significantly higher levels of SOD than the control group (p<0.01). Among swimming groups, the unloaded group, moderate-loaded group and high-loaded group had significantly higher levels than the low-loaded group (p<0.01).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the utilization of immunohistochemistry using the bovine anti-brucella immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in the diagnosis of brucellosis and to develop a functional biomarker relation for the progress of the disease. Anti-brucella IgG antibody was purified from the affected bovine serum using an affinity chromatography. We performed our investigation on 17 cases of brucellosis and 19 control cases with negative Rose-Bengal test results. Our purified anti-brucella IgG antibody showed a positive immunoreactivity in cytoplasmic hepatocytes of the centrilobular region, and glomeruli and tubular epithelium of the kidney. The protein pattern of the affected liver versus control was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, showing a different expression pattern of proteins between the two. Five protein spots were up-regulated and another were five down-regulated in the brucellosis liver. Significant upregulaton of catalase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase might be due to a compensatory reaction in response to the endotoxic shock of brucella. In conclusion, the anti-brucella IgG antibody may be a good tool for discriminative diagnosis of the affected tissues and proteomics data suggest new target proteins underlying a possible pathogenic mechanism of brucellosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.314-320
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• 2010

As the nature of triathlons is competition in three successive sports, triathletes experience elevated levels of stress on the body that are absent in single-sport athletic events, and consequently there are more potential medical problems to prepare for. Triathletes can also experience problems such as hypothermia, heat illness, excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, musculoskeletal injuries and trauma, immunosuppression, and haemolysis. Depending on the potentiality of such above-listed problems occurring in any given race, race organizers will prepare preventative measures and treatments accordingly. Olympic distance is not the only triathlon racing distance. Sprints, which are normally around half the Olympic distance, are common distances, as well as Long (2 km swim, 80 km bike, 20 km run), Ironman (3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, 42 km run), and ultra-distance events varying in length. Races of longer duration normally result in a higher percentage of athletes experiencing the above-mentioned medical problems, as well as inducing additional health risks such as hyponatraemia. Minimizing the occurrences of serious health issues is possible through the following means: carefully preparing for the probable race-day weather conditions; proper management and organization of the race; preparing an extensive water-safety and ground-course safety plan; distributing necessary nutrition along the course; and stressing the importance for athletes to have proper knowledge concerning race nutrition, biomechanical technique, physical preparation, and utilization of safe equipment. While risks of competing in triathlon are many, the instances of such medical problems are not excessive, and the triathlon has a reputation of being a reasonably safe sport as long as athletes with high risk take added precautions.