• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.194-200
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a multi-scale crack detection method using scaling. It is based on morphology algorithm, crack features, and scaling. We use a morphology operator which extracts patterns of crack. It segments cracks and background using opening and closing operations. Morphology based segmentation is better than existing integration methods using subtraction in detecting a crack it has small width. However, morphology methods using only one structure element could detect only fixed width crack. Thus, we use a scaling method. We use bilinear interpolation for scaling. Our method calculates values of properties such as the number of pixels and the maximum length of the segmented region. We decide whether the segmented region belongs to cracks according to those data. Experimental results show that our proposed multi-scale crack detection method has better results than those of existing detection methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1155-1163
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• 2010

An algorithm of the conventional wavelet shift keying is carried out that the scaling function and wavelet are encoded to 1(mark) and 0(space) for the input binary data, respectively. Two bit modulation technique which uses four carrier frequencies is existed. Four carrier frequencies are defined as scaling function, inversed scaling function, wavelet, and inversed wavelet, which are encoded to 10, 11, 00 and 01, respectively. In this paper, we defined 4-ary SWSK (4-ary scaling wavelet shift keying) which is two bit modulation, and it is derived to the probability of bit error and symbol error of the defined system from QPSK. In order to analyze to the performance of 4-ary SWSK, we are obtained in terms of the probability of bit error and symbol error for QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying), MFSK(M-ary frequency shift keying) and proposed method. As a results of simulation, we confirmed that the proposed method was superior to the performance in terms of the probability of bit error and symbol error.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

The used digital images in the smart device and small displayer has been a downscaled image. In this paper, the detection of the downscaling image forgery is proposed using the feature vector according to the pixel value's gradients. In the proposed algorithm, AR (Autoregressive) coefficients are computed from pixel value's gradients of the image. These coefficients as the feature vectors are used in the learning of a SVM (Support Vector Machine) classification for the downscaling image forgery detector. On the performance of the proposed algorithm, it is excellent at the downscaling 90% image forgery compare to MFR (Median Filter Residual) scheme that had the same 10-Dim. feature vectors and 686-Dim. SPAM (Subtractive Pixel Adjacency Matrix) scheme. In averaging filtering ($3{\times}3$) and median filtering ($3{\times}3$) images, it has a higher detection ratio. Especially, the measured performances of all items in averaging and median filtering ($3{\times}3$), AUC (Area Under Curve) by the sensitivity and 1-specificity is approached to 1. Thus, it is confirmed that the grade evaluation of the proposed algorithm is 'Excellent (A)'.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

It is necessary to develop an integration model which can account for various data acquired at different measurement scales in environmental thematic mapping with high-resolution ground survey data and relatively low-resolution remote sensing data. This paper presents and applies a multi-scale geostatistical methodology for downscaling of thematic maps generated from lowresolution remote sensing data. This methodology extends a traditional ordinary kriging system to a block kriging system which can account for both ground data and remote sensing data which can be regarded as point and block data, respectively. In addition, stochastic simulation based on block kriging is also applied to describe spatial uncertainty attached to the downscaling. Two downscaling experiments including SRTM DEM and MODIS Leaf Area Index (LAI) products were carried out to illustrate the applicability of the geostatistical methodology. Through the experiments, multi-scale geostatistics based on block kriging successfully generated relatively high-resolution thematic maps with reliable accuracy. Especially, it is expected that multiple realizations generated from simulation would be effectively used as input data for investigating the effects of uncertain input data on GIS model outputs.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.361-366
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• 2023

Apache Hadoop, a representative framework for distributed processing of big data, has the advantage of increasing cluster size up to thousands of nodes to improve parallel distributed processing performance. However, reducing the size of the cluster is limited to the extent of permanently decommissioning nodes with defects or degraded performance, so there are limitations to operate multiple nodes flexibly in small clusters. In this paper, we discuss the problems that occur when removing nodes from the Hadoop cluster and propose a dynamic down-scaling technique to manage the distributed cluster more flexibly. To do this, we design and implement a modified Hadoop system and interfaces to support dynamic down-scaling of the cluster which supports temporary pause of a node and reconnection of it when necessary, rather than decommissioning the node when removing a node from the Hadoop cluster. We have verified that effective downsizing can be performed without performance degradation based on experimental results.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.639-655
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• 2023

Recently, there has been a growing demand for underground space, leading to the utilization of earth retaining walls for deep excavations. Earth retaining walls are structures that are susceptible to displacement, and their measurement and management are carried out in accordance with the standards established by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. However, managing displacement through measurement can be considered similar to post-processing. Therefore, in this study, we not only predicted the horizontal displacement of a retaining wall with ground anchors installed using machine learning, but also analyzed the impact of the prediction model based on data scaling and data splitting methods while learning measurement data using machine learning. Custom splitting was the most suitable method for learning and outputting measurement data. Data scaling demonstrated excellent performance, with an error within 1 and an R-squared value of 0.77 when the anchor tensile force and water pressure were standardized. Additionally, it predicted a negative displacement compared to a model that without scaling.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.9
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• pp.2208-2220
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• 1997

This paper presents a distributed multimedia synchronization algorithm that supports both intramedia and intermedia synchronizations. The intramedia synchronization is achieved by media scaling techniques, and the intermedia synchronization is achieved by variable service rates. We compute the check period between master media's and slave media's relative time stamps for intermedia synchronization. We also evaluate our algorithm through simulations. Simulation results show that our algorithm performs well in both intramedia and intermedia synchronizations.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.107-110
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• 2000

음성 신호는 시간에 따라 변하지만 일정 구간에서는 특성이 변하지 않는다고 가정하여 윈도우를 취해 단구간 분석을 한다. 이 때 윈도우의 적용은 필수적이다. 하지만 단구간 분석을 위해서 사용되는 윈도우에 의해 생기는 누설에너지 때문에 음성신호의 스펙트럼 정보가 왜곡되어 버린다. 본 논문에서는 스펙트럼 분석 시 발생되는 누설에너지를 최소화하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 음성신호에 고정된 크기의 rectangular Window를 취한 후 처음 샘플과 차이가 가장 작은 샘플을 프레임 크기의 3/4인 지점에서부터 검색하여 최소인 부분까지 시간 축 스케일링을 한 후 기존의 윈도우 크기와 같은 크기로 만든다. interpolation과 decimation을 조합하여 시간 축 스케일링을 한다. 이렇게 윈도우가 적용된 신호를 처리 후 위의 역 과정을 수행한다. 제안한 윈도우의 SNRseg는 rectangular window보다 평균 7.88dB 낮고, kaiser window보다 평균 1.65dB 높았다. 또한 제안한 윈도우의 SD는 rectangular window 보다 평균 $1.73dB^\2$ 낮았다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.616-623
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• 2002

The fractal expanded antenna with the configuration of a triangular microstrip patch antenna is presented and analyzed. In the fundamental and higher mode of TFA(Triangular Fractal Antenna), resonant frequencies are controlled by changing the scaling factor. It is observed that increasing scaling factor makes the resonant frequency be spread, and decreasing scaling factor makes it be concentrated. The scaling factor is varied as the expansion and concentration of resonant frequencies. The resonant frequency in each fractal patch element is observed log -periodically. The TFA can be applied to the multiband system.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.50-55
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• 1998

트리코딩과 시영역 하모닉 스케일링을 결합하여 6.4 및 4.8 kbits/s급 음성부호화기 를 제안하였다. 부호화기는 완전 후방 적응적이고 또 하모닉 스케일링 때문에 저지연은 아 니다. 부호화기의 에러 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 트리코더에 새로운 적응 피치 예측기, 적 응 이득 함수, 단구간 적응 예측 알고리듬 등을 제안하였다. 새로운 코드 트리와 적응 이득 함수, 새로운 후방 적응 피치 예측기, 잡음에 강인한 단구간 적응 예측 알고리듬 등을 이상 적인 채널과 잡음의 영향을 받는 채널에 대하여 각각 그 성능을 평가하였다. 두 문장씩 쌍 으로 비교한 청취실험 결과, 6.4kbits/s coder (2-to-1 TDHS/2 bits/sample tree coding)의 음질은 6400samples/s로 표본화된 6-bit logPCM의 음질과 대등하였다.