• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 2020

In this paper, We purpose an improvement plan for the settlement of smart contracts into legal norms through the recognition of the norms of blockchain-based smart contracts and the main influence factors on the norms of smart contracts. First, in terms of the normative necessity of smart contracts, legal protection against technical errors, government-level public relations education, and basic laws governing smart contract business are needed. Second, the contract norms will be accepted by the contract norms based on the blockchain designed to make the responsible material clear in terms of smart contract usability. Third, in terms of regulation of smart contracts, it can be seen that smart contracts are subsumed from existing laws or considering new legislation, but the norm of smart contracts cannot be prioritized over ease of use.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.243-262
• /
• 2023

This study provides a systematic review of smart trade contracts, examining the research trends and theoretical background of utilizing smart contracts and blockchain technology for the digitalization and automation of trade contracts. Smart trade contracts are a concept that applies the automated contract system based on blockchain to trade-related transactions. The study analyzes the technical and legal challenges and proposes solutions. The technical aspect covers the development of smart contract platforms, scalability and performance improvements of blockchain networks, and security and privacy concerns. The legal aspect addresses the legal enforceability of smart contracts, automatic execution of contract conditions, and the responsibilities and obligations of contract parties. Smart trade contracts have been found to have applications in various industries such as international trade, supply chain management, finance, insurance, and energy, contributing to the ease of trade finance, efficiency of supply chains, and business model innovation. However, challenges remain in terms of legal regulations, interaction with existing legal frameworks, and technological aspects. Further research is needed, including empirical studies, business model innovation, resolution of legal issues, security and privacy considerations, standardization and collaboration, and user experience studies to address these challenges and explore additional aspects of smart trade contracts.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.1017-1029
• /
• 2023

A large amount of transactions are taking place through Blockchain. Among them, the proportion of transactions through smart contracts is increasing. Accordingly, problems such as vulnerability attacks on smart contracts and fraud using smart contracts are increasing. Through security audits of smart contracts, developers can discover and resolve vulnerabilities, and users can distinguish whether smart contracts are fraudulent. However, there are currently no regulations and standards for security auditing of smart contracts, so services that perform security auditing are uneven. In this paper, we analyze security audit trends for smart contracts and identify what services are being provided. We investigate what elements are analyzed from smart contracts, focusing on security audit reports. Also, investigate what vulnerabilities can be detected. Finally, we investigate quality indicators for smart contracts and visualization elements of design extraction. Through this, we hope to be able to find visualization elements specialized for smart contracts.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2019

Wisdom contents is made by an ordinary person and contains life tips helpful in general. As the existing copyright management systems are designed for the corporate or professional authors, it's not easy to use and requires high cost for the ordinary person to get the copyright. Blockchain based system can notarize the block of transactions without help of trustful third party such as existing copyright protection center. Thus, blockchain based copyright protection model is needed to protect the ordinary author's copyright. In this study, we propose the smart contract based copyright protection model which run on the blockchain network. The proposed model consists of smart contract creation, contents purchase and profit sharing stages. The digital signature scheme is used to get the contract agreed by the seller and the author. The smart contract stores the author information, contents information and the percentage of the share as states. If the contents is sold, the sales tokens are redistributed to the author and the seller according to the share. The proposed model can be applied to the ordinary person's copyright registration and management for Wisdom contents distributed in cafe, blog, YouTube, etc.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2020

Recently, epidemic of covid-19 causes rapid increase in demand for untact video conferences. In existing server-client based video conference systems such as Zoom, Google Meet, etc., the server generates the conference key and controls the access rights of meeting members and their contents with it. In this case, the server can fabricate or repudiate the meeting. So, the privacy of the meeting members is not guaranteed. It's necessary to make the conference key distribution scheme where all participants can verify the trustfulness without help of the server. The smart contract is the program stored to the blockchain. Its contents cannot be altered due to the property of the blockchain, and everybody can verify the execution results of it. In this study, we propose the smart contract based conference key distribution scheme. The proposed scheme is consisted of smart contract deployment, conference key generation and verification stages. The smart contract replaces the role of existing trustful server and the meeting members can generate the conference key according to the protocols implemented on it. The proposed scheme can be applied to the video conference systems and only the meeting members can access the conference key.

• Review of KIISC
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2019

블록체인 기술체계의 핵심 중 하나로 스마트 계약이 각광받고 있다. 이에 따라 국제적으로 스마트 계약과 관련된 표준안 또는 기술 규격을 마련하고자 하는 시도가 이어지고 있다. 본고에서는 국제표준화기구(ISO)의 TC 307(블록체인/분산원장기술위원회)에서 작성되어 간행을 앞두고 있는 TR(기술리포트) 23455의 주요 내용을 리뷰하여, 스마트 계약과 관련된 국제 표준 분석의 기초를 제공하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.286-293
• /
• 2021

Smart contract based on the blockchain technology can be applied to the real estate registry including transactions. The Ethereum coin using multi layered protocol is widely accepted as the token for the smart contract. Block chain smart contract using SOLIDITY or PYTHON can mediate transactions auch as sale or lease, creating various scenarios in the property market. Those smart contract can construct the basis for the blockchain real estate registry, which is expected to overcome conventional transaction costs concerning the national law system, the asymmetric information and the currency exchange. The advantages of blockchain technology, namely security, decentralization, global transparency and openness can be applied to the smart contract system on the property registry. Several countries have advanced such blockchain real estate registry project recently, but no actual implementation has been reported for years, owing to institutional and technological impasses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.572-575
• /
• 2022

최근 데이터의 불변성에 의하여 NFT와 같은 블록체인 기술이 각광받고 있으며, 그에 따라 스마트 계약의 사용량 또한 증가하는 추세이다. 하지만 스마트 계약에 다양한 보안 취약점이 존재하며 배포 후에는 수정을 할 수 없는 스마트 계약 특성상 사전에 해당 취약점을 탐지하는 기술의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 인공신경망 기반의 스마트 계약의 취약점을 탐지하는 기법 연구 동향에 대하여 알아본다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.399-408
• /
• 2022

ERC-20, the standard API for Ethereum token smart contracts, was introduced to ensure compatibility among applications such as wallets and decentralized exchanges. However, many compatibility vulnerability problems have existed because there is no rigorous functional specifications for each API nor conformance review tools for the standard. In this paper, we proposed a new review procedure and a tool to perform the procedure to review if ERC-20 token smart contract programs for the Ethereum blockchain conform to the de facto standards. Based on the knowledge from an analysis on the ERC-20 API functional behavior of the top 100 token smart contract programs in the existing Ethereum blockchain, a new specification for the de facto standard for ERC-20 API was explicitly defined. The new specification enabled us to design a systematic review method for Ethereum smart contract programs. We developed a tool to support this review method and we evaluated a few benchmark programs with the tool.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.110-119
• /
• 2018

Blockchain technology has been highly evaluated for its contracts (contracts for sale, real estate contracts) because of its excellent security, including integrity and non-repudiation. In a blockchain, these contract services can be developed using a technology called a smart contract, and several blockchain platforms provide a programming language for developing smart contracts. Bitcoin and Ethereum, typical blockchain platforms, provide the Bitcoin Scripts and Solidity languages. Using these programming languages, we can develop the smart contract, a digital contract that can be processed dynamically. Smart contracts are being developed in a variety of areas, but studies of designs based on a blockchain are insufficient. In this paper, we propose a meta-model and a static/dynamic design method based on Unified Modeling Language (UML) for smart contracts based on Ethereum. We propose a method for static design attributes and functions of smart contracts, and propose a technique for designing structures among contracts. Dynamic design proposes a technique for designing deployment, function calls, and synchronization among smart contracts, accounts, and blocks within a blockchain. Experiments verify the validity of the design method by applying the static/dynamic design method through real estate contracts.