• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.584-591
• /
• 2017

Metal removal from water has not been explained clearly by either adsorption onto the surface of absorbents or precipitation as metal hydroxides because those occur simultaneously to a certain extent. For a better understanding of the metal removal mechanisms, batch experiments were performed using soil calcined at $850^{\circ}C$ under various pH conditions for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr. The results showed that the metal removal efficiency with the exception of Cr decreased abruptly, even within 5 min, showing more than 90% removal. The pH of each reactant increased gradually from around 7 to 9 with time. The increases in metal removal at higher pH appear to be associated with metal hydroxides precipitation. Comparative experiments, which were carried out changing the pH by reacting with commercial activated carbon (CAC), natural yellow soil (NYS), and calcined yellow soil (CYS), showed that the pH of the CYS only increased with time. Calcination processes might lead to a change in the physical properties of the soil matrix resulting in a high pH when reacted with water. Apart from adsorption onto the surface of the absorbents, these results show that the adsorption and/or precipitation of hydroxides onto the surface of adsorbents also play important roles in regulating the dissolved metals under alkaline conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.1094-1103
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to measure the bioactivity and antioxidant activity of seed from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus (GJE). We determined tannin content ($1.517{\pm}0.003mg\;CE/g$, mg of catechin equivalents). The extraction yields of the GJE seed solvent were distilled water (DW) 36.61%, 70% methanol 30.10% and ethyl acetate (EA) 20.40%. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were significantly increased (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/mL). Flavonoid contents (mg QE/g, mg of quercetin equivalents) were observed in the order of 70% methanol (0.799), DW (0.565) and EA (0.117). Antioxidant activities (DPPH, OH, ferrous ion-chelating capacity) were similar to the flavonoid content of each solvent. But ABTS scavenging activity and SOD like ability of DW extract were higher than 70% methanol extract. Comparing the yield and the antioxidant activity of each solvent of GJE seed, it seems to be preferable to use DW and 70% methanol solvent for extraction. As a result of this experiment, it has high antioxidant activity and physiological activity, which is expected to be highly valuable as a functional food and a natural antioxidant.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2015

For battery based real-time embedded systems, high performance to meet their real-time constraints and energy efficiency to extend battery life are both essential. Real-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling (RT-DVS) has been a key technique to satisfy both requirements. In this paper, we present an efficient RT-DVS algorithm called EccEDF that is designed based on ccEDF. The proposed algorithm can precisely calculate the maximum unused utilization with consideration of the elapsed time while keeping the structural simplicity of ccEDF, which overlooked the time needed to run the task in calculating the available slack. The maximum unused utilization can be calculated by dividing remaining execution time($C_i-cc_i$) by remaining time($P_i-E_i$) on completion of the task and it is proved using Fluid scheduling model. We also show that the algorithm outperforms ccEDF in practical applications which is modelled using a PXA250 and a 0.28V-to-1.2V wide-operating-range IA-32 processor model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.632-638
• /
• 1997

To develop the Instant Nuroong-gi in a short reconstitution time, we made puffed Instant Nuroong-gi samples and investigated their physicochemical characteristics. The Nuroong-gi was prepared using a Japonica variety with three different cooking conditions: steam cooker(process A), pressure cooker (process B) and cabinet cooker(process C). The Instant Nuroong-gi is produced by adding water to the Nuroong-gi which is broken into the size of 0.5~1.0cm. The amount of the added water is 40% of the weight of the broken Nuroong-gi. And it was puffed at 160~17$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 secands. The water binding capacity of Instant Nuroong-gi samples was 7.2 at process A, 6.5 at process B and 6.6 at process C. The total sugar content of Instant Nuroong-gi samples in hot water reached at the highest level at 3-minute cooking time. Through the sensory evaluation by a panelists, we discovered that Instant Nuroong-gi prepared by a steam cooker showed the highest roasted nutty taste, hardness, stickiness and overall acceptability. And Instant Nuroong-gi prepared by a pressure cooker showed the highest color, clearness, and roasted nutty flavor. Correlation coefficients between overall acceptability and other sensory attributes of Instant Nuroong-gi indicated that hardness had the most significant correlation to sensory evaluations. When we compared the results of color test with those of sensory evaluation of Instant Nuroong-gi prepared by three different cookers, we discovered that panelists preferred yellow Instant Nuroong-gi prepared by a pressure cooker. We found some morphological properties of Instant Nuroong-gi as a result of the comparison of the crystalization by a X-ray diffraction analysis and the observation of the shapes by a the scanning electron micrographs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 1991

This study was directed to further clarify the effect of resting time or dietary condition for the improvement of exercise capacity and physical fitness, and the changes of some body consitiuents and physiological functions which are related to the exercise metabolism. Sixteen male students(8 athletes and 8 nonathletes)were participated during 3 weeks(Aug. 20-Sep.9, 1989). Each subject performed two treadmill running trials at an absolute intensity (1 mintute in 3.4mph/15% slope and 2 minutes in 5.5mph/20% slope). In the resting time trials, general diet was fed before 1, 2, 4 and 12 hours of the treadmill exercise loaded. in the dietary condition trials, high carbohydrate(HC), high fat(HF) and high protein(HP) diet were fed before 2 hours of the treadmill exercise loaded. Control trial was that of resting time before treadmill exercise loaded after 12 hours of general diet feeding. Measurement were made to study the change of blood glucose, palmitate, lactate, blood pressure and heart rate. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Mean daily metabolizable period. In resting time trial, the blood glucose concentration of athlete and nonathlete from 2 hours group was similar to control group. The blood palmitate concentration of athlete was increased in 1 and 2 hours group but those of nonathlete was not only increased in 1 and2 hours group but was more increased in 12 hours group, compared with both control group. The blood lactate concentration was increased in all experimental group, compared with both control group and those of nonathlete was much higher than athlets. The elevation rate of blood pressure in pre-and after-exercise of athlete was lower than those of nonathlete. In dietary composition trial, the blood glucose concentration of athlete and nonathlete in HC group was higher than other diet groups. The blood lactate concentration of athlete and nonathlete in HC group was lower than other diet groups. There was no remarkable change of the blood palmitate concentration and heart rate in each dietary composition trial, but those of nonathlete was low in HC and high in HP group. In above results, it was suggested that the effective condition of resting time and dietary composition for the improvement of exercise capacity of nonathlete may be 2 hours and HC diet, respectively. But it was showed that the exercise capacity of athlete may not be affected by experimental condition of resting time, except 1 hour after feeding or of dietary composition because of well adaptation in new exercise condition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.531-536
• /
• 2006

Recently, many of researchers have been studied in data processing oriented middleware for wireless sensor networks with the rapid advances on sensor and wireless communication technologies. In a wireless sensor network, a middleware should handle the data loss problem at an intermediate sensor node caused by instantaneous data burstness to support efficient processing and fast delivering of the sensing data. To handle this problem, a simple data discarding or data compressing policy for reducing the total amount of data to be transferred is typically used. But, data discarding policy decreases the correctness of a collected data, in other hand, data compressing policy requires additional processing overhead with the high complexity of the given algorithm. In this paper, it proposes a data-average method for enhancing the efficiency of data aggregation and correctness where the sensed data should be delivered only with the limited computing power and energy resource. With the proposed method, unnecessary data transfer of the overlapped data is eliminated and data correctness is enhanced by using the proposed averaging scheme when an instantaneous data burstness is occurred. Finally, with the TOSSTM simulation results on TinyBB, we show that the correctness of the transferred data is enhanced.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2009

Purpose : This study compared before and after emergency patient evaluation education of the 1st graders at the department emergency medical technology(EMT) students, and analyzed its effects on patient evaluation ability after education. The aims of this study was to develop effective educational program and to provide basic materials for its educational method. Methods : This study was carried out by 66 first graders attending the department of emergency medical technology(EMT) at a college in G province and data were collected from Apr. 1 to 2, 2009. The questionnaire consisted of knowledge of emergent patient evaluation, academic self-efficacy, and technical performance after emergent patient evaluation education. We analyzed the influence of knowledge and academic self-efficacy on accurate technical performance with SPSS 14.0 version. Results : 1. In knowledge score, it was 9.27 before education and increased to 35.19 after education and that there was statistically significant difference. In academic self-efficacy, task difficulty preference scored 2.73 before education and 3.97 after education, self-control efficacy scored 2.84 before education and 4.05 after education, self-confidence scored 2.45 before education and 4.21 after education. There were statistically significant increases after education. Technical performance scored 0.00 before education, but it scored 18.78 after education and there was statistically significant increase after education. 2. In sex as one of general characteristics, self-confidence which was sub-factor of academic self-efficacy scored higher in male students(4.28) than in female students(4.10). There was statistically significant difference(p < 0.05). 3. Knowledge had positive correlation with self-control efficacy which was the sub-factor of academic self-efficacy(r = 0.249, p < 0.05) and self-confidence which is the sub-factor of academic self-efficacy had the positive correlation with technical performance(r = 0.258, p < 0.05). 4. Self-confidence which was the sub-factor of academic self-efficacy(B = 0.372, p < 0.05) had statistically significant influence on technical performance. ability of self-confidence to explain technical performance(R2) was 11.10%. Conclusion : From the results of this study, it is necessary that EMT students should learn professional first aid, accurate patient evaluation through self-efficacy development.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.125-135
• /
• 2009

Owing to its fast computing capability for fusing images, the FIHS(Fast Intensity Hue Saturation) fusion is widely used for fusion purposes. However, the FIHS fusion also distorts color in the same way such as the IHS(Intensity Hue Saturation) fusion technique. In this paper, a FIHS fusion technique(FIHS-BR) which reduces color distortion by using the ratio of each spectral band and an adaptive FIHS fusion(FIHS-SABR) using spatial information and the ratio of each spectral band are proposed. The proposed FIHS-BR fusion reduces color distortion by adding different spatial detail improvement values for each spectral band. The spatial detail improvement values are derived from the ratio of spectral band. And the proposed FIHS-SABR fusion reduces more color distortion by readjusting the spatial detail improvement values for each spectral band according to the ratio of the spectral bands. The spatial detail improvement values are derived adaptively from the characteristics of spatial information of the local image. To evaluate the performance of the proposed FIHS-BR fusion and FIHS-SABR fusion, a computer simulation is performed for IKONOS remote sensing image. Results from the experiments show that the proposed methods have less color distortion for the forest regions which reveal severe color distortion in the traditional FIHS fusion. From the evaluation results of the characteristics of spectral information for fused image, we show that the proposed methods have best results.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the geriatric status, oral health, and oral health related quality of life of stroke patients hospitalized at a rehabilitatio ward and assess the relationships among these factors. A total of 78 stroke patients participated in this cross-sectional study. The following oral examinations were performed by a dentist and dental hygienist: Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth, gingival, debris, calculus, and community periodontal index (CPI). The patients' sociodemographic and geriatric status were evaluated using the Barthel index and a mini-mental state examine (MMSE) according to their medical record and a questionnaire survey. Oral health related quality of life was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire. Except for three participants, most stroke patients had a gingival index of 2 or more, which means probing results in bleeding gums. Additionally, 53.8% of participants had a CPI code of 3 or 4, which indicates a probing depth of 4 mm or more. CPI index was significantly related to debris, calculus, and gingival index. The OHIP-14 score significantly related to the Barthel index and MMSE (p<0.05). The oral health of stroke patients in the rehabilitation ward was relatively poor and related to poor oral hygiene. Oral health related quality of life was related not to oral health but to geriatric status significantly.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 1998

Domestic intercomparison study of the neutron personnel dosemeters was performed for the first time in Korea. Thirteen types of neutron dosemeters from twelve institutions took part in this intercomparison study and the $D_2O$ moderated Cf-252 source of KAERI was used for irradiation. Eight of the fifteen dosemeters submitted by each participant were divided into two groups and each group was irradiated with different doses of the simulated mixed fields of neutron and gamma. The participants assessed their dosemeter reading in terms of the personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), for both neutron and gamma dose. The ratio of the reported dose equivalent to the delivered dose equivalent for comparison between participants ranged from 0.55 to 1.34 for neutron, from 0.54 to 1.32 for gamma and from 0.75 to 1.20 for total dose. This intercomparison results show that all dosemeter processors, especially for neutron category, are able to pass the personnel dosemeter performance test which shall be enforced according to the ordinance of the MOST, No. 96-6.