• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-128
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• 2010

This article presents a one and half-year process of Lesson Study conducted at a K-8 school in an urban district in the eastern U.S. Lesson Study, a Japanese form of professional development that centers on collaborative study of live classroom lessons, has spread rapidly in the U.S. since 1999 and has been argued as a promising alternative model for teacher-led school reform through professional development. The Lesson Study group described here was composed of five teachers, one administrator, and one instructional improvement coordinator belonging to the participant school and two instructional super-intendants from the school district. Data was collected from October 2007 to February 2009 and a qualitative case study method was employed for this study. Drawing a case of Lesson Study, this article intended to show how Lesson Study group members participated in planning, teaching, observing, discussing, and improving lessons collaboratively for student learning by enhancing teacher professional competence so that find directions for future implementation in Korea. This article investigates (1) process of Lesson Study, (2) issues Lesson Study group members mainly dealt with, and (3) changes have taken place in Lesson Study as it is conducted over time. (4) Finally, this article concludes with challenges to adopting Lesson Study successfully in Korea.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

Over recent years, 6 Sigma has become a key methodology in manufacturing for quality improvement and cost reduction. However, challenges have arisen due to the difficulty in analyzing large-scale data generated by smart factories and its traditional, formal application. To address these limitations, a big data-based 6 Sigma approach has been developed, integrating the strengths of 6 Sigma and big data analysis, including statistical verification, mathematical optimization, interpretability, and machine learning. Despite its potential, the practical impact of this big data-based 6 Sigma on manufacturing processes and management performance has not been adequately verified, leading to its limited reliability and underutilization in practice. This study investigates the efficiency impact of DX SS, a big data-based 6 Sigma, on manufacturing processes, and identifies key success policies for its effective introduction and implementation in enterprises. The study highlights the importance of involving all executives and employees and researching key success policies, as demonstrated by cases where methodology implementation failed due to incorrect policies. This research aims to assist manufacturing companies in achieving successful outcomes by actively adopting and utilizing the methodologies presented.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.78-98
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze elementary school students' interpretation of data characteristics by cognitive style. Participants were elementary students in sixth grade who can use integrated inquiry process skills. The students were divided into two groups, analytic cognitive style and wholistic cognitive style according to their response to Cognitive Style Analysis. They performed scientific interpretation of data activity. To collect data for this study, participants recorded the result on scientific interpretation of data activity paper and researcher recorded the situation on videotape and interviewed with participants after the end of interpretation of data to get additional data. And the findings of this study were as follows: First, the study analyzed interpretation of data characteristics by the operator regarding different situations of interpreting data according to cognitive style. For example, in the intermediate state, analytic-cognitive style students showed high achievement in identifying variables, and wholistic-cognitive style students were active in using prior knowledge to interpret data. Second, the result of analysis on the direction of interpreting data and preference for data types in interpreting data activities according to cognitive style are as follows: Wholistic-cognitive style students showed relatively high perception of information through the top-down approach. On the other hand, analytic-cognitive style students usually used the bottom-up approach gradually expanding detailed information to the scientific question-related answer and showed a preference data of the table type. Through the result, this study aimed to help establish a data interpretation strategy for learners to solve problems based on understanding of interpretation of data characteristics according to learners' cognitive style, and purposed the instruction design suggesting the data requiring various data interpretation strategies to develop learners' data interpretation ability.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.740-753
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop and apply an out-of-school STEAM program model based on Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) for underprivileged students in the lower grades. To this end, a STEAM program based on SEL was developed, with the following characteristics. First, by integrating traditional STEAM learning elements and SEL elements, a structured program was designed with consistent stages, including mindfulness meditation→present an authentic situation→creative design→emotional experiences→reflection. Second, the program was structured so that elementary school students could develop mathematical thinking and scientific inquiry skills in problem-solving situations in daily life. Third, the detailed themes for each STEAM program involved storytelling-based problem situations, as well as activities centered on play and sympathy to reflect the educational needs of underprivileged students. From these characteristics, a total of five programs were developed and applied to 16 teachers and 354 lower-grade elementary school students in 16 community children centers nationwide. The results were as follows. First, while students' satisfaction with the STEAM program was 4.16, there were no significant differences in STEAM satisfaction according to gender. Second, while all students' interest and self-efficacy, which was one of sub factors of STEAM attitude, were significantly improved, no significant difference was seen in STEAM attitudes according to gender. Third, although students' SEL competencies were not significantly improved, relationship skills, which were among the sub factors of SEL competencies, were significantly improved, and there were no significant differences in SEL competencies according to gender. From these results, a discussion on the effect of the out-of-school STEAM program for underprivileged students and directions for follow-up studies was suggested.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-68
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• 1981

Most clays under sustained load exhibit time-dependent deformation because of creep movement of soil particles and many investigators have attempted to relate their findings to the creep behavior of natural ground and to the long-term stability of slopes. Since the creep behavior of clays may assume a variety of forms depending on such factors as soil plasticity, activity and water content, it is difficult and complicated to analyse the creep behavior of clays. Rheological models composed of linear springs in combination with linear or nonlinear dashpots and sliders, are generally used for the mathematical description of the time-dependent behavior of soils. Most rheological models, however, have been proposed to simulate the behavior of secondary compression for saturated clays and few definitive data exist that can evaluate the behavior of non-saturated clays under the action of sustained stress. The clays change gradually from a solid state through plastic state to a liquid state with increasing water content, therefore, the rheological models also change. On the other hand, creep is time-dependent, and also the effect of thixotropy is time-function. Consequently, there may be certain correlations between creep behavior and the effects of thixotropy in compacted clays. In addition, the states of clay depend on water content and hence the height of the specimen under drained conditions. Futhermore, based on present and past studies, because immediate elastic deformation occurs instantly after the pressure increment without time-delayed behavior, the factor representing immediate elastic deformations in the rheological model is necessary. The investigation described in this paper, based on rheological model, is designed to identify the immediate elastic deformations and the effects of thixotropy and height of clay specimens with varing water content and stress level on creep deformations. For these purposes, the uniaxial drain-type creep tests were performed. Test results and data for three compacted clays have shown that a linear top spring is needed to account for immediate elastic deformations in the rheological model, and at lower water content below the visco-plastic limit, the effects of thixotropy and height of clay specimens can be represented by the proposed rheological model not considering the effects. Therefore, the rheological model does not necessitate the other factors representing these effects. On the other hand, at water content higher than the visco-plastic limit, although the state behavior of clays is visco-plastic or viscous flow at the beginning of the test, the state behavior, in the case of the lower height sample, does not represent the same behavior during the process of the test, because of rapid drainage. In these cases, the rheological model does not coincide with the model in the case of the higher specimens.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

The incidence of globally infectious and pathogenic diseases such as H1N1 (swine flu) and Avian Influenza (AI) has recently increased. An infectious disease is a pathogen-caused disease, which can be passed from the infected person to the susceptible host. Pathogens of infectious diseases, which are bacillus, spirochaeta, rickettsia, virus, fungus, and parasite, etc., cause various symptoms such as respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, liver disease, and acute febrile illness. They can be spread through various means such as food, water, insect, breathing and contact with other persons. Recently, most countries around the world use a mathematical model to predict and prepare for the spread of infectious diseases. In a modern society, however, infectious diseases are spread in a fast and complicated manner because of rapid development of transportation (both ground and underground). Therefore, we do not have enough time to predict the fast spreading and complicated infectious diseases. Therefore, new system, which can prevent the spread of infectious diseases by predicting its pathway, needs to be developed. In this study, to solve this kind of problem, an integrated monitoring system, which can track and predict the pathway of infectious diseases for its realtime monitoring and control, is developed. This system is implemented based on the conventional mathematical model called by 'Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) Model.' The proposed model has characteristics that both inter- and intra-city modes of transportation to express interpersonal contact (i.e., migration flow) are considered. They include the means of transportation such as bus, train, car and airplane. Also, modified real data according to the geographical characteristics of Korea are employed to reflect realistic circumstances of possible disease spreading in Korea. We can predict where and when vaccination needs to be performed by parameters control in this model. The simulation includes several assumptions and scenarios. Using the data of Statistics Korea, five major cities, which are assumed to have the most population migration have been chosen; Seoul, Incheon (Incheon International Airport), Gangneung, Pyeongchang and Wonju. It was assumed that the cities were connected in one network, and infectious disease was spread through denoted transportation methods only. In terms of traffic volume, daily traffic volume was obtained from Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). In addition, the population of each city was acquired from Statistics Korea. Moreover, data on H1N1 (swine flu) were provided by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and air transport statistics were obtained from Aeronautical Information Portal System. As mentioned above, daily traffic volume, population statistics, H1N1 (swine flu) and air transport statistics data have been adjusted in consideration of the current conditions in Korea and several realistic assumptions and scenarios. Three scenarios (occurrence of H1N1 in Incheon International Airport, not-vaccinated in all cities and vaccinated in Seoul and Pyeongchang respectively) were simulated, and the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach its peak and proportion of Infectious (I) were compared. According to the simulation, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days when vaccination was not considered. In terms of the proportion of I, Seoul was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Seoul, the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach at its peak was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Pyeongchang, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. Based on the results above, it has been confirmed that H1N1, upon the first occurrence, is proportionally spread by the traffic volume in each city. Because the infection pathway is different by the traffic volume in each city, therefore, it is possible to come up with a preventive measurement against infectious disease by tracking and predicting its pathway through the analysis of traffic volume.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.358-375
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were to investigate the value, necessity and legitimacy of STEAM Education and to propose practical approaching methods for STEAM Education to be applicable in Korea through a variety of literature review, case studies and collecting suggestions from domestic and international educational experts. The research questions are as follows: (1) To investigate the perception, understanding and recognitions of domestic and foreign professionals in STEAM education. (2) To analyze policy implications for an improvement in STEAM. The following aspects of STEAM were found to be challenges in our current STEAM policy after analyzing multiple questionnaires with the professionals and case studies including their experiences, understanding, supports and directions of the policy from the governments. The results indicate that (1) there was a lack of precise and conceptual understanding of STEAM in respect to experience. Training sessions for teachers in this field to help transform their perception is necessary. Development of practical programs with an easy access is also required. It is important to get the aims of related educational activities recognized by the professionals and established standards for an evaluation. The experts perceived that a theme-based learning is the most preferred and effective approaching method and the programs that develop creative thinking and learning applicable to practice are required to promote. (2) The results indicate that there was a lack of programs and inducements for supporting outstanding STEAM educators. It is shown that making an appropriate environment for STEAM education takes the first priority before training numbers of teachers unilaterally, thus securing enough budget seems critical. The professionals also emphasize on developing specialized teaching materials that include diverse inter-related subjects such as science technology, engineering, arts and humanities and social science with diverse viewpoints and advanced technology. This work requires a STEAM network for teachers to link up and share their materials, documents and experiences. It is necessary to get corporations, universities, and research centers participated in the network. (3) With respect to direction, it is necessary to propose policy that makes STEAM education ordinary and more practical in the present education system. The professionals have recommended training sessions that help develop creative thinking and amalgamative problem-solving techniques. They require reducing the workload of teachers and changing teachers' perspectives towards STEAM. They further urge a tight cooperation between departments of the government related with STEAM.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.21-36
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• 2005

Although the main geology of Korea consists of granite and gneiss, it Is not uncommon to encounter anisotropy Phenomena in crosshole radar tomography even when the basement is crystalline rock. To solve the anisotropy Problem, we have developed and continuously upgraded an anisotropic inversion algorithm assuming a heterogeneous elliptic anisotropy to reconstruct three kinds of tomograms: tomograms of maximum and minimum velocities, and of the direction of the symmetry axis. In this paper, we discuss the developed algorithm and introduce some case histories on the application of anisotropic radar tomography in Korea. The first two case histories were conducted for the construction of infrastructure, and their main objective was to locate cavities in limestone. The last two were performed In a granite and gneiss area. The anisotropy in the granite area was caused by fine fissures aligned in the same direction, while that in the gneiss and limestone area by the alignment of the constituent minerals. Through these case histories we showed that the anisotropic characteristic itself gives us additional important information for understanding the internal status of basement rock. In particular, the anisotropy ratio defined by the normalized difference between maximum and minimum velocities as well as the direction of maximum velocity are helpful to interpret the borehole radar tomogram.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.81-96
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• 2020

This study aims to identify implications for the role of home economics in consumer education in middle schools focusing on building consumer competency. To this end, the content in middle school textbooks of home economics and other subjects, written according to the 2015 revised curriculum, were analyzed. This study examined consumer education content based on the consumer competency measurement index developed by the Korean Consumer Agency, and reviewed different foci presented by subjects. This study also investigated how the knowledge, attitude and practice, which are components of consumer competency, are presented. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, consumer competency content, presented in textbooks of home economics and other subjects, were comprised of citizenship competency(65.3%), transactional competency(27%), and financial competency(7.7%). Second, in terms of content on the consumer's citizenship competency, little attention was paid to consumer rights, revealing an imbalance between responsibilities and rights. Third, despite its importance, the "utilization of information and communications technology" in transaction competency, and "consumer participation" in citizenship competency are insufficiently covered in the home economics. Fourth, social studies was the subject that most extensively covered the content of consumer competency. In terms of scope, home economics dealt with most of the sub-fields. Fifth, even when the same content of consumer competency was covered, it was presented differently by subject. Sixth, there was a lack of connection between components of consumer competency-knowledge, attitude, and practice, with a disproportionately high emphasis on knowledge. In conclusion, this study concluded that consumer education content of middle school subjects is insufficient to enhance consumer competency.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.604-621
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• 1999

We analyze the admission test problems used in 1998 at the Science Education Center for Gifted Youth at Kyungpook National University (SECGY, KNU). The test consists of two parts, an evaluation of the scientific thinking skills and an evaluation of the achievement for Mathematics and Sciences, the former of which includes evaluations of scientific process skills and logical thinking skills. The problems for the test of scientific thinking skills were developed and standardized by the Korea Education Development Center, while those of the achievement for Mathematics and Sciences were made at SECGY. We calculate the indices of the difficulty and discrimination for each problem to determine whether or not the test is appropriate to apply for selecting number of gifted students among the recommended students from 389 middle schools in Taegu-city and Kyungsang-pook-do Province. We find that both indices of most problems for the test of scientific thinking skills were out range of the appropriate level and. moreover, even those problems which fall into the appropriate range showed very low efficiencies for distractors. We, thus, conclude that the problems of the test of scientific thinking skills are inappropriate to use as a test for admission to SECGY. On the other hand, the problems of the achievement test showed extreme results; the Mathematics problems appeared to be too difficult, whereas the Physics problems appeared too easy. However, overall scores showed a normal distribution, indicating that those problems played crucial role in selecting gifted students. We finally propose several suggestions in developing the test problems and in selecting students at the SECGY.