• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.218-222
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• 2002

Lycii Cordex Radicis extract (gigolpi) examined through SOS Chromotest showed a strong, dose-dependent antimutagenic effect on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) induced mutagenecity. Gigolpi revealed considerable superoxide anion radical scavenging activity under L-ascorbic $acid-CuSO_4$ system, but showed lower hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in photochemical test system. Hot-water gigolpi extract delayed protein oxidation, whereas lipid peroxidation of rat skin exposed to UVB radiation was inhibited. The results indicate that gigolpi possessing antioxidant activity against UVB-induced lipid peroxidation could be used as a raw ingredient for manufacturing functional cosmetics

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 1992

Considerable interest has been generated in age-related non-enzymatic glycosylation and crosslinking of collagen in view of its extracellular nature, and its long biological half-life. The effects of UVA, which penetrates deep in dermis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on age- related changes of dermal collagen were studied. The amount of nonenzymatic glycosylation, fragmentation, and crosslinking of collagen were monitored from the mixtures of Type I collagen from calf skin and glucose, irradiated by UVA, with or without scavengers of ROS. At both high and low glucose dosages, non-enzymatic glycosylation was not affected by UVA irradiation. At high glucose dosage, however, glycosylation was reduced by the scavengers of superoxide radical and singlet oxygen, bolt not by hydroxyl radical scavengers. Fragmentation was increased by UVA and decreased by all ROS scavengers. Crosslinking was also enhanced by UVA, and effectively blocked crosslinking. Superoxide radical and singlet oxygen, which were produced by autoxidation of glucose independently to UVA, may encounter the initial phase of glycation. ROS generated from Amadory compounds by UVA enhanced fragmentation and crosslinking Hydroxyl radical was thought to be a major ROS affecting crosslinking. These results suggest that UVA and ROS are able to enhance age-related structural changes of collagen, as affecting many other tissue and cellular components.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.2 s.51
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• pp.197-206
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• 2005

In the present study, the Chuncheon buckwheat extracts prepared from its seed coats, seeds and stems were used to determine anti-oxidative effects, the content of rutin and phytic acid, and the protective role against cadmium at the cellular level. futhermore, it was evaluated whether the buckwheat, mainly known as a healthy food source, might be applicable to functional cosmetics. Up to $100 {\mu}g/mL$ of the extract was not toxic in HaCaT and B16F10 cell lines using MTT assay. The anti-oxidative capacity of superoxide radicals was shown in seed coats extracts > stem extracts=seed extracts. Although its content of rutin, known as one of effective anti-oxidants, mainly exists in the stem, any extract did not eliminate hydroxyl radicals. Phytic acid, known as a heavy metal-chelate agent, was highly concentrated in the stem. The Chuncheon buckwheat extract had $10\%$ protective effect against the treatment of $50{\mu}M$ cadmium at which $50\%$ of HaCaT cells survived. Confocal laser scanning microscope revealed the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by cadmium treatment. Finally, we identified that the stem extract had the most protective effect on the elimination of ROS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1940-1948
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• 2013

This study is conducted to investigate the antioxidative effect of oyster hydrolysates in the serum and liver of SD-rats through the determination of lipid content, production of free radicals and antioxidant enzyme activities. Two different hydrolysates, Protamex-treated and Neutrase-treated hydrolysate with the cross-linking of protein by transglutaminase (TGPN group) and without (PN group), were fed for 6 weeks. TGPN hydrolysate in serum and liver significantly decreased the total cholesterol in the range of 26.1% to 28.9%, and triglyceride in the liver of up to 6.3%. Superoxide radical in the serum and lipid peroxide radical in the liver were significantly decreased in SD-rats fed 200 mg TGPN hydrolysate. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in the liver of SD-rats. These results indicate that TGPN hydrolysate could scavenge the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and reduce the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The TGPN is also protected the oxidation of protein by the free radicals.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.75-132
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• 1997

피부는 항시 산소와 접촉하고 있고 자오선 조사에 크게 노출되어 있다. 따라서, 활성산소종으로 유도된 피부의 광산화적 손상 위험이 실질적으로 증가하고 있다. 활성산소종이란 한 무리로서 수퍼옥사이드 음이온과 히드록실 라디칼과 같은 산소 중심의 라디칼을 포함할 뿐만 아니라, 과산화수소나 싱글렛 옥시전과 같은 몇 종류의 비라디칼종들, 그 외의 다른 것으로, 활성산소종과 생체 성분과의 반응으로 유래된 과산화 라디칼, 알콕실 라디칼, 히드로과산화물 식세포에서 살균작용을 나타내는 HOCl등을 포함한다. 피부에는 복잡한 항산화 방어망이 발달되어 활성산소종에 대항하여 보호작용을 한다. SOD, 카탈라아제, 글루타치온퍼옥시다제 등의 항산화효소와 $\alpha$-토코페롤, 아스코르브산, 카로티노이드 등의 비효소적 항산화 물질들이 피부 항산화 방어망을 구축하고 있다. 그러나 계속된 자외선에의 노출로 생성된 과잉의 활성산소종은 실질직으로 피부의 효소적 그리고 비효소적 항산화 방어를 위태롭게 한다. 따라서 균형은 산화상태 쪽으로 유리하게 기울어진다 결과적으로 산화적 스트레스는 세포 성분들에 대한 손상을 야기시킨다. 지질 과산화, 단백질 산화, 탄력 섬유인 콜라겐과 엘라스틴의 사슬절단 밀 비장성적인 교차결합, 히아루론산 사슬의 절단, 멜라닌 생성반응 촉진, DNA 산화와 같은 생체 구성 성분들의 손상이 일어난다. 결국에는 탄력감소, 주름살 및 기미, 주근깨 등으로 특징 지워지는 피부노화가 가속화된다. 따라서 필요한 항상화제를 함유한 식품이나 화장품을 통한 계속적인 항산화제 보충으로 피부 항산화 방어망을 견고히 할 때 피부노화는 지연되고 억제될 것이다.주거를 구분하고 있는 것으로 조사되었으나, 아직까지 절반 가량(52.2%)의 상점들이 다른 사람 소유의 건물을 전 ·월세로 임대하여 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 고수동굴 주변의 상업적 특성은 90년대에 들어서면서 자기 고장에 있는 관광자원을 내 고향의 자랑거리로 생각하고 이를 지역발전의 밑거름으로 활용하고자 하는 인식이 늘어나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나, 관광지로서의 특성이라 할 수 있는 다른 관광동굴과의 차별성이 부족하다고 할 수 있다. 즉 다른 지역의 기념품점에서 구입할 수 없는 고수동굴만이 갖고 있는 특징적인 기념품을 판매함으로써 관광객의 구매욕구를 높인다거나 고수동굴의 일주관광 후 관광객을 좀 더 머무르게 할 수 있는 시설의 개발이 더 필요하다.유의한 차이를 나타내는 항목이 많았으며 12주에서 vehicle과 유의적인 차이를 나타내는 항목도 많으므로 3-APPA가 APSA 보다 광범위한 피부노화 억제 효과를 갖는 물질이라고 할 수 있다.주도적 역할을 수행해야 할 것이다. 넷째, 선박금융제도의 개선과 신금융상품의 개발이 요구된다. 내수 수요인 계획조선의 지원조건을 개선하고 연불수출자금을 BBC자금으로 활용토록하여 국내 선주들의 신조를 유도해야 할 것이다. 그 외에 향후 금융개방화에 맞추어 해외자금을 활용한 리스금융, 상사금융 등의 민간신용제도를 더욱 활성화하고 선진국의 선박금융기법에 대한 연구 및 도입 등 선주들에게 다양한 선박건조자금을 제공하여 내수기반 확충에도 노력해야 할 것 이다.있었다., 인삼이 성장될 때 부분적인 영양상태의 불충분이나 기후 등에 따른 영향을 받을 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 이에 대한 많은 연구가

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1362-1369
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• 2015

The goal of this study was done for evaluating stability according to low-temperature storage of kimchi duruchigi supplemented with a hot water extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the RCM extract prepared from the hot water were detected by 293.34 μg CA/mg and 90.57 μg quecetin/mg, respectively. DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities of the extract were showed by relatively high values of 70.63 and 57.87%, respectively. Kimchi duruchigi was designed by control (non-treated), T1 (3% RCM extract), T2 (6% RCM extract), and T3 (0.1% ascorbic acid, a positive control). When compared with control and T3 groups, pHs of T1 and T2 groups supplemented with the RCM extract were gently changed depending on the storage time, and water holding capacities of T1 and T2 groups were improved in comparison with control group. Although meat color showed a tendency to most of increase according to the elapsed time, T1 and T2 groups showed less changes than that of control group. Lipid peroxidation appeared in a little bit changes regardless of the processing and storage days, but protein spoilages in T1 and T2 groups were found by lower changes when compared with the control group. As the results of sensory evaluation, T1 and T2 groups during storage had the better taste, flavor and acceptability than those of control and T3 groups. Therefore, we suggest that kimchi duruchigi supplemented with the RCM extract is a possible of improving the storage stability and product preference.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.236-241
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• 2016

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe $sdu1^+$ gene, belonging to the PPPDE superfamily of deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) genes, was previously shown to encode a protein with ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) activity and to participate in the response against oxidative and nitrosative stresses. This work focused on the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent regulation of the S. pombe $sdu1^+$ gene. UCH activities, encoded by the $sdu1^+$ gene, were attenuated in the S. pombe cells exposed to $H_2O_2$, superoxide radical-generating menadione (MD), and nitric oxide (NO)-generating sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Reduced glutathione (GSH) and its precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were able to significantly enhance the UCH activities in the absence or presence of $H_2O_2$. However, the influences of both GSH and NAC on the ROS levels in the absence or presence of $H_2O_2$ were opposite to their effects on the UCH activities under the same conditions. The UCH activities in the Sdu1-overexpressing S. pombe cells were also diminished under exposure to $H_2O_2$, MD and SNP, but still remained to be higher than those in the vector control cells. In brief, it is proposed that the S. pombe $sdu1^+$ gene is regulated by ROS in a negative manner, the meaning of which largely remains elusive.