• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.561-574
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• 2009

Unsaturated/saturated groundwater flow and solute transport model, VSFRT2D(Variable Saturated Flow and Reactive Transport model) was developed considering effects of pumping, irrigation, and denitrification. VSFRT2D employed Richards equation as governing equation for groundwater flow and previously existing unsaturated models modified by including computational procedure of evapotranspiration at surface using Thornthwaite method when precipitation doesn't occur. Bioremediation processes based on monod kinetics are described using four nonlinear contaminant transport equations and three nonlinear microbes transport equations. The developed model was applied to field data in Hongsung area contaminated with nitrate. In order to identify the effect of precipitation, pumping, evapotranspiration, irrigation, fertilizer application, and various bioremediations on groundwater flow and contaminant transport, individual processes were separated and simulated. Then all results obtained from the individual processes are compared with each other. The simulation results show that bioremediation had a negligible effect on nitrate concentration change. However, pumping for irrigation, precipitation, and nitrogen fertilizer application showed profound influences on nitrate concentration change.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop a method for improving the accuracy of analysis results obtained from a two-dimensional (2-D) numerical analysis model of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP). METHODS : The analysis results from the 2-D numerical model of CRCP are compared with those from more rigorous three-dimensional (3-D) models of CRCP, and the relationships between the results are recognized. In addition, the numerical analysis results are compared with the results obtained from field experiments. By performing these comparisons, the calibration factors used for the 2-D CRCP model are determined. RESULTS : The results from the comparisons between 2-D and 3-D CRCP analyses show that with the 2-D CRCP model, concrete stresses can be overestimated significantly, and crack widths can either be underestimated or overestimated by a slight margin depending on the assumption of plane stress or plane strain. The behaviors of crack width in field measurements are comparable to those obtained from the numerical model of CRCP. CONCLUSIONS : The accuracy of analysis results from the 2-D CRCP model can be improved significantly by applying calibration factors obtained from comparisons with 3-D analyses and field experiments.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.670-691
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• 2018

This study presents the research results of the BMT(Benchmark Model Test) simulations of the DECOVALEX-2019 project Task B. Task B named 'Fault slip modelling' is aiming at developing a numerical method to predict fault reactivation and the coupled hydro-mechanical behavior of fault. BMT scenario simulations of Task B were conducted to improve each numerical model of participating group by demonstrating the feasibility of reproducing the fault behavior induced by water injection. The BMT simulations consist of seven different conditions depending on injection pressure, fault properties and the hydro-mechanical coupling relations. TOUGH-FLAC simulator was used to reproduce the coupled hydro-mechanical process of fault slip. A coupling module to update the changes in hydrological properties and geometric features of the numerical mesh in the present study. We made modifications to the numerical model developed in Task B Step 1 to consider the changes in compressibility, Permeability and geometric features with hydraulic aperture of fault due to mechanical deformation. The effects of the storativity and transmissivity of the fault on the hydro-mechanical behavior such as the pressure distribution, injection rate, displacement and stress of the fault were examined, and the results of the previous step 1 simulation were updated using the modified numerical model. The simulation results indicate that the developed model can provide a reasonable prediction of the hydro-mechanical behavior related to fault reactivation. The numerical model will be enhanced by continuing interaction and collaboration with other research teams of DECOVALEX-2019 Task B and validated using the field experiment data in a further study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.326-326
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• 2021

장기간에 걸쳐 넓은 지역에 대해 발생하는 가뭄을 예측하기위해 많은 학자들의 기술적, 학술적 시도가 있어왔다. 본 연구에서는 복잡한 시계열을 가진 가뭄을 전망하는 방법 중 시나리오에 기반을 둔 가뭄전망 방법과 실시간으로 가뭄을 예측하는 비시나리오 기반의 방법 등을 이용하여 미래 가뭄전망을 실시했다. 시나리오에 기반을 둔 가뭄전망 방법으로는, 3개월 GCM(General Circulation Model) 예측 결과를 바탕으로 2009년도 PDSI(Palmer Drought Severity Index) 가뭄지수를 산정하여 가뭄심도에 대한 단기예측을 실시하였다. 또, 통계학적 방법과 물리적 모델(Physical model)에 기반을 둔 확정론적 수치해석 방법을 이용하여 비시나리오 기반 가뭄을 예측했다. 기존 가뭄을 통계학적 방법으로 예측하기 위해서 시도된 대표적인 방법으로 ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) 모델의 예측에 대한 한계를 극복하기위해 서포트 벡터 회귀(support vector regression, SVR)와 웨이블릿(wavelet neural network) 신경망을 이용해 SPI를 측정하였다. 최적모델구조는 RMSE(root mean square error), MAE(mean absolute error) 및 R(correlation Coefficient)를 통해 선정하였고, 1-6개월의 선행예보 시간을 갖고 가뭄을 전망하였다. 그리고 SPI를 이용하여, 마코프 연쇄(Markov chain) 및 대수선형모델(log-linear model)을 적용하여 SPI기반 가뭄예측의 정확도를 검증하였으며, 터키의 아나톨리아(Anatolia) 지역을 대상으로 뉴로퍼지모델(Neuro-Fuzzy)을 적용하여 1964-2006년 기간의 월평균 강수량과 SPI를 바탕으로 가뭄을 예측하였다. 가뭄 빈도와 패턴이 불규칙적으로 변하며 지역별 강수량의 양극화가 심화됨에 따라 가뭄예측의 정확도를 높여야 하는 요구가 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 복잡하고 비선형성으로 이루어진 가뭄 패턴을 기상학적 가뭄의 정도를 나타내는 표준강수증발지수(SPEI, Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index)인 월SPEI와 일SPEI를 기계학습모델에 적용하여 예측개선 모형을 개발하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of surface roughness distribution and its influence on the inflight icing code was investigated. Previous numerical studies focused on the magnitude of surface roughness, and the effects were only addressed in terms of changes in thermal boundary layers with fully turbulent assumption. In addition, the empirical formula was used to take account the turbulent transition due to surface roughness, which was regarded as reducing the accuracy of ice shape prediction. Therefore, in this study, the turbulent transition model based on the two-equation turbulence model was applied to consider the effects of surface roughness. In order to consider the effect of surface roughness, the transport equation for roughness amplification parameter was applied, and the surface roughness distribution model was implemented to consider the physical properties. For validation, the surface roughness, convective heat transfer coefficient, and ice shape were compared with experimental results and other numerical methodology. As a result, it was confirmed that the excessive prediction of the heat transfer coefficient at the leading edge and the ice horn shape at the bottom of the airfoil were improved accordingly.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.93-116
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• 2005

SPT-Uphole tomography method was introducedand verified in this paper. In SPT-Uphole method, SPT (Standard Penetration Test) which is common in site investigation, was used as a source and several surface geophones in line were used as receivers. Shear wave velocity (Vs) distribution map which has triangular shape around the boring point can be obtained by tomography inversion. The factors for obtaining reliable result of SPT-Uphole tomography are exact travel time information and accurate inversion method. To establish of the SPT-Uphole tomography procedure, the most reliable method for obtaining exact travel time information and verification of tomography inversion method were studied by using theoretical travel time information and finite element method (FEM) analysis. finally, SPT-Uphole tomography method was performed at the weathered soil site in Kimje. By comparing with several boring data including SPT-N value, feasibility of this method was verified in the field.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.797-803
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• 2010

A dynamic analysis procedure is developed to provide a better estimation of the dynamic responses of pre-stressed concrete (PSC) box girder bridges on the Korea high speed railway. Particularly, a three dimensional numerical model including the structural interaction between high speed vehicles, bridges and railway endures to analyze accurately and evaluate with in-depth parametric studies for dynamic responses of bridge due to the high speed railway vehicles. Three dimensional frame element is used to model the PSC box girder bridges, simply supported span lengths 40 m. The high-speed railway vehicles (K-TGV) including a locomotive are used as 38-degree of freedom system. Three displacements (vertical, lateral, and longitudinal) as well as three rotational components (pitching, rolling, and yawing) are considered in the 38-degree of freedom model. The dynamic analysis by Runge-Kutta method which are able to analyze considering the dynamic impact factors are compared and contrasted. It is proposed as an empirical formula that the impact factors damaged the bridge load-carrying capacities occurs to the bride due to high-speed vehicle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.197-206
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• 1990

Numerical results of heat transfer from a horizontal isothermal surface are presented for wall temperature T$_{w}$ = 0 .deg. C and ambient water temperature, T$_{\infty}$, from 1 .deg. C to 15 .deg. C. They include streamlines, temperature profiles, local heat transfer coefficients and average Nusselt numbers for the entire flow fields. For a upward-facing horizontal isothermal surface, the results show steady two dimensional flow regimes for T$_{\infty}$ .leg. 4.4 .deg. C, but no solution was obtained above T$_{\infty}$ = 4.4 .deg. C. For a downward-facing horizontal isothermal surface, the flow regimes are steady two dimensional flow for T$_{\infty}$ .geq. 4.9 .deg. C, and the numerical calculation was failed below this ambient water temperature. The mean Nusselt number has its maximum value at about T$_{\infty}$ = 3.4 .deg. C for upward-facing horizontal isothermal surface. For the case of downward-facing horizontal isothermal surface, the mean Nusselt number increases as the ambient water temperature increases.es.s.s.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.727-734
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• 2014

This paper describes multi-scale based ductile fracture simulation using finite element (FE) damage analysis. The maximum and crack initiation loads of cracked components were predicted using proposed virtual testing method. To apply the local approach criteria for ductile fracture, stress-modified fracture strain model was adopted as the damage criteria with modified calibration technique that only requires tensile and fracture toughness test data. Element-size-dependent critical damage model is also introduced to apply the proposed ductile fracture simulation to large-scale components. The results of the simulation were compared with those of the tests on SA333 Gr. 6 full-scale pipes at $288^{\circ}C$, performed by the Battelle Memorial Institute.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.245-256
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• 2000

A moment-curvature relationship to simulate the behavior of reinforced concrete beam under cyclic loading is introduced. Unlike previous moment-curvature models and the layered section approach, the proposed model takes into consideration the bond-slip effect by using monotonic moment-curvature relationship constructed on the basis of the bond-slip relation and corresponding equilibrium equation at each nodal point. In addition, the use of curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress-strain relation of steel gives more exact numerical result. The advantages of the proposed model, comparing to layered section approach, may be on the reduction in calculation time and memory space in case of its application to large structures. The modification of the moment-curvature relation to reflect the fixed-end rotation and pinching effect is also introduced. Finally, correlation studies between analytical results and experimental studies are conducted to establish the validity of the proposed model.