• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.22
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

A stone cultural heritage often lacks design drawing and detailed geometric informations, thus it becomes more difficult to conservation and restoration. Even though there is active database of detail shape information and numerical measurement for stone monuments, most of the data is in hard-to-utilize two-dimensional images. The new technology developed to overcome this problem is three-dimensional image scanning system. The multi-storied stone pagoda of the Daewonsa temple was analysed with 3D scanning image data then survey map with orientation displacement was evaluated. The difference of each side became apparent with the members of the stone properties was measured, also horizontal and vertical displacement occurred. Horizontal displacement occurred in increasing severity from left to right and from body section to upper part. The 8th roof stones are leaning toward northwest direction due to lateral displacement. The evaluation and measurement of displacement could cause a little errors due to the characteristics uneven surface of stone monuments, computer program and mistakes from the researcher. In future, more precise measurement and stability studies should be done to suggest that accurate data for conservation and understanding of damage condition can be provided.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.14A no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

In the field of computer graphics, Navier-Stokes equations would be used for realistic simulations of smokes and currents. However, implementations derived from these equations are hard to achieve for real-time simulations, mainly due to its massive and complex calculations. Thus, there have been various attempts to approximate these equations for real-time simulation of smokes and others. When the advection terms of the equations are approximated by the Semi-Lagrange methods, the fluid density can be rapidly reduced and small-scale vorticity phenomena are easy to be missed, mainly due to the numerical losses over time. In this paper, we propose an improved numerical method to approximately calculate the advection terms, and thus eliminate these problems. To calculate the advection terms, our method starts to set critical regions around the target grid points. Then, among the grid points in a specific critical region, we search for a grid point which will be advected to the target grid point, and use the velocity of this grid point as its advection vector. This method would reduce the numerical losses in the calculation of densities and vorticity phenomena, and finally can implement more realistic smoke simulations. We also improve the overall efficiency of vector calculations and related operations through GPU-based implementation techniques, and thus finally achieve the real-time simulation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2003

Purpose: Radioiodine (I-131) therapy is an effective modality to reduce both recurrence and mortality rates in differentiated thyroid cancer. Whether higher doses shows higher therapeutic responses was still debatable. The purpose of this study was to validate curve-fitting (CF) method measuring maximum permissible dose (MPD) by a biological dosimetry using metaphase analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: Therapeutic effects of MPD was evaluated in 58 patients (49 females and 9 males, mean age $50{\pm}11$ years) of papillary thyroid cancer. Among them 43 patients were treated with ${\Leq}7.4GBq$, while 15 patients with ${\geq}9.25GBq$. The former was defined as low-dose group, and the latter high-dose group. Therapeutic response was defined as complete response when complete disappearance of lesions on follow-up I-131 scan and undetectable serum thyroglobulin levels were found. Statistical comparison between groups were done using chi-square test. P value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: MPD measured by CF method using tracer and therapeutic doses were $13.3{\pm}1.9\;and\;13.8{\pm}2.1GBq$, respectively (p=0.20). They showed a significant correlation (r=0.8, p<0.0001). Exposed doses to blood measured by CF and biological methods were $1.54{\pm}0.03\;and\;1.78{\pm}0.03Gy$ (p=0.01). They also showed a significant correlation (r=0.86, p=0.01). High-dose group showed a significantly higher rate of complete response (12/15, 80%) as compared to the low-dose group (22/43, 51.2%) (p=0.05). While occurrence of side effects was not different between two groups (40% vs. 30.2%, p=0.46). Conclusion: Measurement of MPD using CF method is reliable, and the high-dose I-131 therapy using MPD gains significantly higher therapeutic effects as compared with low-dose therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.416-424
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• 2005

Purpose : To find the risk factors associated with coronory artery lesions, non-responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment, and recurrences in Kawasaki disease patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 1,000 Kawasaki disease patients who were admitted to Yonsei University Medical Center from September 1990 to December 2003. We compared between responder and non-responder groups to IVIG treatment as well as between relapsed and non-relapsed groups, and as to the relapsed group, we also compared variables between patients in their first and second attack states. Finally, factors associated with longer-fever duration from disease onset were evaluated. Results : Longer fever durations before and after IVIG treatment, male sex, lower Hgb and Hct level, higher WBC count and segmented WBC proportion, and higher CRP and Harada's score were related with coronary artery lesions. Non-responsiveness was related to higher WBC count, segmented WBC proportion, CRP, SGPT, Harada's score, and pyuria. Moderate-to-severe coronary artery dilatations and recurrences were more commonly seen among the non-responder group. No significant predictive factors for recurrence were found. In the relapsed group, lower WBC count, CRP, and shorter fever duration from disease onset were observed in their second attack state. Fever duration from disease onset showed positive correlation with WBC count, CRP, and Harada's score and negative correlation with Hgb levels. Conclusion : Higher WBC count, CRP, and higher Harada's score were related to both higher incidences of coronary artery lesions and non-responsiveness to IVIG treatment, and these factors were also related with longer fever duration. Non-responders to IVIG treatment showed higher recurrence rate and more moderate-to-severe coronary artery dilatations than responders.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.4 s.69
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• pp.611-626
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• 1998

Cytokines are intercellular peptide mediators that regulate homeostasis and host defense reactions in living body. Of the diversity of cytokines in terms of biological accomplishment, interleukin $1-{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) are the most conspicuous cytokines with a wide variety of effects on cells involved in inflammatory and immune responses, and likely to be involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis of oral tissue as well. The present study was designed to explicate the role of $IL-1{\beta}$ on inflammatory revelation of oral tissues in mice biochemically. In the Induced arthritis by injection of 10${\mu}g$ LPS shown the relaese of 0.93 ${\mu}g$ $IL-1{\beta}$/joint with a peak at at 4-5 h. and diminished at 24t and the release of $TNF_{\alpha}$ of 1.25 ${\mu}g$/joint with a peak at 2-3h and diminished at 6h. After injection of th $IL-1{\beta}$ into the joint, the mumber of leucocytes proliferated with a peak at 4-5h and diminished at 36h and the loss of proteoglycan showed with maximum at 15-30h. After injection of $IL-1{\beta}$ into the oral tissue, cycloosygenase metabolites ($PGE_2$) accumulated in the oral tissue with dose dependant. These elucidated $IL-1{\beta}$ to be inflammatory mediator in the early phase of its pathogenesis. Intraoral injection of recombinant $IL-1{\beta}$ induced the proliferation of leukocytes in situ. $IL-1{\beta}$ took an pertinent part in the development of inflammation and the succession of cellular infiltration. The results exemplify that $IL-1{\beta}$ plays a significant role in mediating inflammatory response induced by LPS in oral tissue, the inflammatory response is regulated by $IL-1{\beta}$ at an acute phase of pathogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.280-287
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• 2015

Probiotics are microbial food supplements or components of bacteria which have traditionally been added to dairy foods for extra health boost. Our aim was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 as probiotics, which we previously found has potential anti-hepatitis B virus activity. The study was conducted using Wistar albino rats and probiotics were treated orally for 9 days consecutively and acute liver injury was induced by administration of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) on the 7th and 8th days. Liver damage was assessed by quantifying serum activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), as well as by histopathological examination. B. adolescentis SPM0212 significantly prevented the elevation of SGOT and SGPT levels, and reduced the negative effect of $CCl_4$ on body and organ weights. Histopathological study revealed the livers of the carbon tetrachloride treated rats showed almost complete loss of normal hepatocyte architecture, but that rats treated with B. adolescentis SPM0212 showed minimal damage and normal hepatocyte architecture. Our results suggest that B. adolescentis SPM0212 be considered useful probiotics for protecting the liver from xenobiotics and hepatitis B virus, and as well as useful as a functional food for maintaining human health.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.17-25
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• 2011

A fabric of soil media may change due to certain factors such as dissolution of soluble particles, desiccation, and cementation. The fabric changes affect the mechanical behavior of soils. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of geo-material dissolution on shear strength. Experiments and numerical simulations are carried out by using a conventional direct shear and the discrete element method. The dissolution specimens are prepared with different volumetric salt fraction in sand soils. The dissolution of the specimens is implemented by saturating the salt-sand mixtures at different confining stresses in the experimental study or reducing the sizes of soluble particles in the numerical simulations. Experimental results show that the angle of shearing resistance decreases with the increase in the soluble particle content and the shearing behavior changes from dilative to contractive behavior. The numerical simulations exhibit that macro-behavior matches well with the experimental results. From the microscopic point of view, the particle dissolution produces a new fabric with the increase of local void, the reduction of contact number, the increase of shear contact forces, and the anisotropy of contact force chains compared with the initial fabric. The shearing behavior of the mixture after the particle dissolution is attributed to the above micro-behavior changes. This study demonstrates that the reduction of shearing resistance of geo-material dissolution should be considered during the design and construction of the foundation and earth-structures.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2016

A 10 months old, male Poongsan dog was referred with a history of right forelimb lameness due to hit by a car a few hours before presentation. On the physical examination, the dog showed pale mucous membrane, respiration distress, and skin abrasions. The main laboratory finding was leukocytosis, while hematocrit was normal. Abdominal radiography revealed the loss of abdominal serosal detail, which was diagnosed as peritoneal hemorrhage on ultrasonography (US) and aspiration. On computed tomography (CT), hepatic and splenic injuries were seen characterized by the discontinuity of the capsule with irregular margin and lower density lesions than parenchyma. No contrast enhancing area were shown in the laceration lesion. The accessory spleen was incidentally found by US and CT. In this case, acute intra-abdominal hemorrhage from splenic and hepatic laceration was diagnosed using CT.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data of comparing BMD(bone mineral density) value of preoperative breast cancer patient and postoperative breast cancer patient due to bone loss with radiation/chemical therapy. The participants consisted of 254 breast cancer patients with BMD after having surgery and treatment from March 2007 to September 2013. Except for 84 patients with menopause or hysterectomy and we have analysed 171 patients. The BMD value(lumbar spine and femur) of before and after treatment from PACS by dure-energy X-ray absorptiometry was analyzed. First, we found variation of entire BMD and BMD according to treatment type, and analyzed detailed correlation by using marital status, number of children, presence of feeding, age of menarche, breast cancer therapy types as variable. Data was analyzed by using SPSS for Windows Program(version 18.0). BMD was decreased 7.1% in lumbar spine, 3.1% in femur respectively(p<.01). Also there is relatively high decrement($0.067g/cm^2$) in group who had just chemotherapy in femur(p<.05). There is decrement depend on marital status, number of children, presence of feeding, age of menarche, breast cancer therapy types but there was no statistical significance. The results show that BMD was decreased after treatment in premenopausal breast cancer patient, patient who had relatively high decrement need to be included high-risk group. As a result, aggressive prevention policy would be necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2018

The South China Sea (SCS) is a typical marginal sea characterized with the deep basin, shelf break, shallow shelf, many straits, and complex bathymetry. This study investigated the tidal characteristics and propagation, and reproduced typhoon-induced storm surge in this region using the regional real-time tide-surge model, which was based on the unstructured grid, resolving in detail the region of interest and forced by tide at the open boundary and by wind and air pressure at the surface. Typhoon Haiyan, which occurred in 2013 and caused great damage in the Philippines, was chosen as a case study to simulate typhoon's impact. Amplitudes and phases of four major constituents were reproduced reasonably in general, and the tidal distributions of four constituents were similar to the previous studies. The modelled tide seemed to be within the acceptable levels, considering it was difficult to reproduce the tide in this region based on the previous studies. The free oscillation experiment results described well the feature of tide that the diurnal tide is prevailing in the SCS. The tidal residual current and total energy dissipation were discussed to understand the tidal and sedimentary environments. The storm-surge caused by typhoon Haiyan was reasonably simulated using this modeling system. This study established the regional real-time barotropic tide/water level prediction system for the South China Sea including the seas around the Philippines through the validation of the model and the understanding of tidal characteristics.