• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to determine best harvesting time and observe paeoniflorin and some chemical component concentrations of 4-year-old paeonia radix in Euisung and Milyang varieties. Concentrations of paeoniflorin and some chemical components were investigated at 8 periods from Feb. to Oct. Yield of paeonia radix was investigated in Aug. 19, Sep. 18 and Oct. 17. Paeoniflorin and some chemical components were changed seriously at May as flowering time and stabilized after June. The lowest dry matter ratio was 23% and the maximum shrinkage ratio was 47% in May during all the growing stages. Especially, the difference of paeoniflorin concentrations between Euisung and Milyang was about 2%, and paeoniflorin concentrations in Milyang were higher than in Euisung variety during all the stages. Serious infection of disease in October, stem length, stem number per stock and healthful stem ratio in October were more reduced than in August. Yield of paeonia radix was not different from August to September, but that of October harvest was obviously reduced by root-decay-disease. Reasonable harvesting time in 4-year-old paeonia radix was late August to mid-September. When infected shoot rate by disease were severely high, early harvest was more stable in the yield and quality aspects.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.35-73
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• 2010

This paper examines consumption dynamics in relation to asset prices in Korea. Empirical analysis based on the error correction model shows that personal consumption is affected by changes in asset prices but the consumption converges to the long-run level of consumption corresponding to the total income flow in two years. This adjustment in consumption implies that the consumption error, reflected in the error correction term, should have predictability for the future consumption growth during the adjustment period. It is found that the error correction term has a long-run predictability for consumption over up to about 3 years; thus, confirming the error correction model. It is also found that housing prices have larger effects on consumption compared with stock prices in Korea. In addition, the effects of income and asset prices on consumption show bigger effects during contractionary period than expansionary period in business cycles. This paper also analyzes effects of asset wealth that reflects changes in both price and quantity. It is found that asset wealth has a long-run effect on consumption in addition to total income as determinants of consumption. Since wealth effects usually indicate the long-run effect of changes in asset wealth on consumption that is not explained by labor income, which is the proxy for human source of wealth, it is estimated with labor income used as a control variable. According to the estimation, the marginal propencity to consume out of asset wealth is approximately 2%. It means that 1,000won increase in asset wealth may lead to 20 won increase in consumption.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.219-236
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• 1988

Bensulfuron concentrations of $10^{-7}$, $10^{-6}$, $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-4}M$ were applied to agar medium on susceptible (cv. KH 17854 and cv. IR 1846) and tolerant (cv. Chinsurah Boro II and IR 14252) rice cultivars were grown for microscopic inspection. Susceptible cultivars showed the decrease in shoot and root growth at the concentration of $10^{-5}M$ while ones showed no difference. Such a tendency was also observed from microscopic inspection in the elongation zone of shoot meristematic tissue. Seedlings grown in soil for 10 days were transfered to distilled water containing only bensulfuron solutions. There were significant differences between cultivars in terms of supression of shoot meristematic activity and swelling of cell volume. Observations of those cells made it clear that especially susceptible cultivars showed the irregular cell layering, vacuolation, cell swelling and partial damage in membrane of shoot tissue. The major response of root tips of susceptible cultivars showed the disorganization of cortex, rupture and contraction of membrane, inhibition of cell division, swelling and emergence of lateral root while tolerant ones showed no such responses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.295-300
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• 1993

Central nervous system of two dogs with natural canine distemper was investigated histopathologically and immunocytochemically with antisera to MBP, MAG and GFAP. Histopathologically, there were neuronal degeneration and diffuse gliosis in the cerebrum, vacuolar degeneration, hypertrophy of astrocytes and demyelination in cerebellar white matter adjacent to the 4th ventricle and optic tracts showing non-inflammatory demyelinating encephalomyelitis (Summers and Appel, 1987). Immunohistochemically, there was a concurrent disappearance of MBP and MAG in the well developed demyelinating lesion in the cerebellar white matter. At the margin of demyelination, Loss of both MBP and MAG varied on the stage of demyelinating process. GFAP-positive astrocytes were hypertrophied and contained canine distemper virus intranuclear inclusions. GFAP-positive fibers were increased at the early stage of demyelination, and then were not immunoreaeted at the well developed demyelination. Hypertrophic astrocytes with intranuclear inclusions were commonly identified in the interfascular layer without myelin vacuolation and demyelination. This is the first study of primary demyelination and astroglial reactions in natural CDE investigated using immunocytochemistry of two myelin proteins and GFAP. Concurrent loss of MBP and MAG suggest that the myelin sheath is the target in the demyelinating process in CDE.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 균형 훈련이 중추신경계 손상자들의 자세 조절 및 중추감각신경전도로에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 연구대상자는 중추신경계 손상자로써 실험군 10명, 통제군 10명 등 총 20명을 선정하였으며, 실험군은 본 연구의 훈련 프로그램에 따라 12주간 force platform을 이용하여 균형훈련을 실시토록하였다. 자세조절 변인의 측정은 운동처치 전, 처치 후 8주 및 12주 후에 대상자들의 동적 및 정적 자세에서의 흔들림을 Dynamic Balance System을 이용하여 측정하였고, 체성감각 유발전위의 말초신경 근위부 유발전위$(N_9)$ 잠복기, 척수 유발전위$(N_{13})$ 잠복기, 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기는 Neurotec을 이용하여 측정 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정적 자세 조절 요인의 경우, 좌우 흔들림과 전후 흔들림은 실험군에서 8주 후부터 유의하게 (p<.05) 감소하였고, 실험군이 통제군에 비해 운동처치 8주 및 12주 후에 각각 유의하게(P<.05, P<.01) 흔들림이 감소하였다. 2. 전후 이동면과 전후 기울기면에서 동적 자세 조절의 변화는 전후 이동면에서 좌우 흔들림과 전후 흔들림은 실험군에서 8주 후부터 유의하게 (P<.05) 감소하였으며, 실험군이 통제군에 비해 운동처치 8주 및 12주 후에 각각 유의하게 (P<.05, p<.01) 흔들림이 감소하였다. 3. 체성감각 유발전위의 잠복기 변화는 실험군과 통제군에 있어서 말초신경 근위부 유발전위$(N_9)$ 잠복기와 척수 유발전위$(N_{13})$ 잠복기가 다소 증가하였으나 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 실험군에 있어서 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기는 8주 후부터 유의하게 (P<.05) 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 12주의 균형 훈련은 자세 조절에 있어서 전후와 좌우의 흔들림을 감소시킴으로써 정적인 상태나 동적인 상태에서의 자세 안정성을 증가시킬 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 이는 자세 조절에 필요한 항중력근의 긴장성 수축을 유발시킬 뿐만 아니라 근육 긴장분포를 조절할 수 있다는 것으로 신경근 조절 기능의 향상을 의미하는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기의 증가는 중추신경계의 감각기능의 신경학적 회복을 의미하는 것으로 중추신경계의 감각 운동통합에도 영향을 미쳐 운동기능의 향상을 기대할 수 이을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.763-768
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• 2001

Background: The high pressure zone(HPZ) at the gastroesophageal junction is an important barrier for prevention of gastroesophageal reflux. Smooth muscle layers in the lower esophageal sphincter mainly contributes to HPZ at the throacoabdominal junction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the manometric characteristics of the thora-coabdominal junction in patients after surgical removal of the lower esophageal sphincter. Material and Method: Twenty two patients with prior esophagogastrectomy(10 Ivor-Lewis method and 12 left thoracotomy) and 30 normal adults(control group) were studied manometrically. Result: Esophageal manometry showed a HPZ and pressure inversion points distal to the anastomosis in 12 of 22 patients(2 of 10 patients with Ivor-Lewis method and 10 of 12 patients with left thoracotomy) and a HPZ in 30 of 30 normal adults. The location of HPZ front nostril was not significant different between the two groups(42.5$\pm$0.9cm in patients and 43.9$\pm$2.1cm in the control), while the length of HPZ was shorter in patients than in the control(2.13$\pm$0.6cm vs 2.83$\pm$0.59cm). By SPT and RPT, pressures of HPZ at rest were lower in patients(13.78$\pm$1.63mmHg, 28.58$\pm$6.06mmHg) than in control(20.3$\pm$4.95mmHg, 42.80$\pm$15.91mmHg). The HPZ relaxed partially in response to deglutition(84.4% in patient, 90.5% in control group) and contracted in response to increased intra- abdominal pressure induced by leg lifts(HPZ/ Intra-abdominal pressure= 1.81$\pm$0.23 in patient, 2.13$\pm$ 0.58 in control group).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.355-364
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• 2014

The restrained volume changes of concrete due to variations of temperature and moisture produce transverse cracks in continuously reinforced concrete tracks (CRCTs). Such cracks are known to significantly affect the behaviors and long-term performance of CRCT. To investigate the effects of the transverse cracks on the behavior of CRCT and to develop more reasonable maintenance standards for cracks, in this study, the stress distribution of the track concrete layers (TCL) and the hydraulically stabilized base course (HSB) with transverse cracks were numerically predicted by a three dimensional finite element analysis when CRCT was subjected to train loads. The results indicate that the bending stresses of TCL and vertical stresses at the interfaces between TCL and HSB increased as the cracks were deepened. In addition, vertical stresses were locally concentrated near reinforcing steel in cracks in TCL when full-depth cracks developed, which may lead to punch-outs in CRCTs. Comparably, the effects of crack width and spacing were not as significant as crack depth. This study indicates that ensuring the long-term performance of CRCTs requires adequate maintenance not only for crack width and spacing but also for crack depth. Our results also show that locating HSB joints between sleepers is beneficial to the long-term performance of CRCTs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.288-295
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• 2019

Passive fit of prosthesis is an essential property of implant supported prosthesis for long term success and minimization of complications. And the property is determined mostly by fabrication procedure. There were limitations of extensive implant prosthesis because conventional casting method generate contraction error of long span prosthesis. However, Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology of 3D printing and milling metal framework can overcome those limitations. This case is a full mouth rehabilitation using extensive implant fixed prosthesis. Removable interim prosthesis was made for esthetic, functional evaluation and a guide for implant insertion. After the insertion, implant fixed interim prosthesis was delivered. After additional evaluation and adjustment, final prosthesis was designed with CAD, the fabricated with CAM. Milling technique was used for anterior screw type implant superstructure and 3D printing technique was used for the anterior and posterior implant copings. Fit of the final restoration was favorable. The practitioner and patient were both esthetically and functionally satisfied with the final result.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

Nematode-trapping fungi develop trap and consume nematodes are an important part of the subsoil ecosystem and they share a special predator-prey relationship. Four nematode-trapping species, there with adhesive network, Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. sinensis, A. thaumasia and one with constricting ring, Drechslerella brochopaga were collected from soils in Korea and tested their predacity against 12 different nematode species. They were three feeding groups, plant-parasitic (Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus penetrans), fungivorous (Aphelenchus avenae), bacteriovorous (Betlerius sp. and Diplogasteritus sp. in diplogasterid, Panagrolaimus labiatus, P. multidentatus in panagrolaimid, Mesorhabditis irregularis, Pelodera strongyloides and Rhabditis sp., in rhabditid, and Acrobeloides sp. in cephalobid). Results showed that nematode-trapping fungi successfully captured most of nematodes in Petri dish in the group of plant-parasitic nematodes and rhabditids, moderately and variably in other nematodes in 15 days. But it didn't captured A. avenae and Acrobeloides sp. both belongs to c-p group 2. Numbers of Acrobeloides sp. and A. avenae even increased during the test period. The results of this study indicated that nematode-trapping fungi may have specificity among nematode species.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2021

A lava dome and sheet lava flow can be observed at the seashore of Aewol, Jeju island. The cylindrical lobes are characterized by a concentric structure consisting of a massive core and radial joints. Columnar joints with different thickness between the upper and lower parts are developed in the sheet lava flow around the rock salt field in Goeomri. The upper part of the columnar joints is uneven in shape, and has a diameter of 120-150 cm. The lower part of the columnar joints is hexagonal and pentagonal in shape, and has a diameter of about 60 cm. The cylindrical lobes can be divided into two groups based on size and shape. One is a megalobe, with a semicircular outline and a maximum diameter of 30 m. The other is a circular lobe with a diameter of less than 10 m. The columns in the radial joints have hexagonal and pentagonal cross sections and gradually increasing diameter, outward from the core, to a size of 80-120 cm at the rim. The concentric structure observed in the cylindrical lavas is attributable to a combination of four factors. The first is a circular crack caused by the decrease of the temperature and density difference between the inside and outside of the cylindrical lava flow. The second is a concentric chisel mark of the radial joints, which formed at the same time as the radial joints. The third is a flow band, which is a trace left in a round passage when lava flows through. The fourth is a vesicular band formed in a cave by gas bubbles escaping from the lava flow.