• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2006

Loss of permanent molar by multiple dental caries traumatic influence or hereditable disease can cause loss of the vertical dimension in children. However traditionally reconstructive treatment to restore vertical dimension in children has been provided by using simple methods such as celluloid crown form and stainless steel crown. The presented case report describes an alternative treatment modality of vertical dimension by using removalbe appliance This appliance is made with average of facial height and maximal clenching force by using T-scan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.393-403
• /
• 2011

In this study, we suggested the period of tide observations is proper to calculate the mean sea level(MSL) precisely on Incheon tide station using wavelet analysis, and newly determined then the vertical reference surface of Korea using the calculated MSL. In order to calculate the height difference between the calculated MSL and specific ground station (ICGP) near the Incheon tide stations, we performed the laser measurements directly to the sea surface where located below ICGP. The orthometric-height of ICGP was determined that corrected the height difference to the calculated MSL using linear interpolation method. Finally, we connected the orthometric-height of ICGP with the original benchmark (ORBM) using GPS leveling methods for determining the new orthometric-height of ORBM. As the results, there is a variation amount of 0.026m between the new MSL was calculated in this study and old MSL was calculated in 1910's. Also, there is a difference of 0.035m between the new and old orthometric-heights of ORBM. The connection (or leveling) error of 0.009m was revealed in new orthometric height of ORBM with consideration of MSL variation which may caused by the error of GPS ellipsoid height and/or geoid model. In this study, we could be determined precisely the orthometric-height of ORBM based on the new MSL of Incheon Bay using only GPS leveling method, not a spirit leveling method. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the vertical datum strictly using long-term and continuously tide observations more than 19 years and to use the GPS leveling method widely in the height leveling work for the effective changeover from the orthonormal to the orthometric in national height system.

• 전기의세계
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 1985

수직전계 계산방법의 정밀도 및 근사과도의 평가의 기준이 되며 전하중첩법의 전위 및 전계 소계수식에 형태가 남아있다. 또한 영상전하가 전하중첩 및 표면전하법 등에서 이용되고 있는 것이 특징이다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.16 no.2 s.80
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2004

In recent years building floors become larger and more spacious due to the development of new design methods and high strength and light weight materials. However, such long span floor systems may provide smaller amount of damping and have a longer period so that they may be more vulnerable to the floor vertical vibration. In Korea when floors are to be checked against the floor vertical vibration, the provisions developed in foreign countries have been used. However these guidelines have been developed based on human perception, which may vary from country to country. Also, Korea have particular floor systems, such as flat plate floor system of apartment building. This study attempts to evaluate the vibration performance of the floors in typical apartment buildings. Two different floors with the area of $28 m^2$ and $32 m^2$ were investigated. The criteria provided by ATC-1(1999), AISC-11(1997), AIJ(1991) and the local criteria developed in the previous study(Han, 2003) was used to check the acceptability of the floor vertical vibration.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2008

In this study, the effects of vent location, outside temperature, wind velocity and fire size on the performance of natural venting of the vertical vent designed according to NFPA 204 standard and fire characteristics were numerically investigated using CFAST. In cases of the Vent located on most upper wall, lower outside temperature and lower wind velocity, vents met the performance criteria of venting. The larger fire size becomes, the more mass flow rate through a vent becomes, but the lower interface height of smoke layer becomes, so that vent didn't meet the performance criteria of venting. It should be noted that a natural vertical vent be designed considering maximum outside temperature and maximum wind velocity and developing a design fire accurately in order to meet the performance criteria of venting.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
• /
• no.104
• /
• pp.2-18
• /
• 2004

비가격제한행위를 포함한 불공정거래행위 전반에 걸쳐서 법집행의 효율성과 사업자의 자유로운 경제활동보장을 제고하기 위하여 시장점유율 등을 기준으로 한 심사면제제도의 도입을 검토할 필요가 있다. 즉, 수직적 거래제한, 그 중에서도 가격제한행위에 비하여 경쟁저해의 우려가 상대적으로 적을 수 있는 비가격제한행위에 대해서 관련사업자의 시장점유율이나 매출액을 기준으로 원칙적으로 심사대상에서 면제되는 범위를 설정하는 것이 필요하고도 바람직할 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.3B
• /
• pp.280-287
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 기존의 LCD MW를 이용한 각 다중화 시스템에서 인접한 수직방향 MW 사이의 crosstalk를 제거하기 위하여 MW의 뒷단에 수직방향으로 주기적으로 서로 다른 초점 길이를 갖는 이중초점 렌즈를 삽입하여 인접한 MW의 기준빔이 서로 다른 공간에 기록되게 함으로써 기준빔의 전자적 제어뿐만 아니라 고밀도의 정보저장 및 복원이 가능한 새로운 공간-각 다중화 기법을 제안하고 이에 대한 광학 실험을 통해 구현가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2020

In conjunction with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the unmanned aerial vehicle industry is being developed to a new paradigm by combining advanced technologies such as AI, Big Data and the IoT. Aeronautical developed countries such as the U.S. are focusing their efforts on the development of the safer unmanned aerial vehicles. The Korea Aerospace Research Institute, as part of the national R&D project in 2011, had succeeded in developing the first vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) UAS, called Smart-UAV. However, although the development technology of the VTOL UAS is possessed, developing and operating of the VTOL UAS for commercial or military use are limited. The type certification procedure of the VTOL UAS developed by domestic technology is stipulated in the Korean Aviation Safety Act, but the Korean VTOL UAS airworthiness standards (KAS) hsve not been established. Thus, this study investigated the development trends of the VTOL UAS in Korea and abroad and national certification systems and procedures, and benchmarked the special conditions for the VTOL aircraft, announced by the EASA on July 2, 2019, to establish standards for type certificate of the VTOL UAS in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we evaluate the accuracy of the vertical positioning by distance using Network RTK-GPS. The experimental results confirm that Network RTK-GPS method can acquire data quickly and accurately than conventional leveling methods so that the Network RTK-GPS method is a relatively efficient and economical way for the vertical positioning. Results of validation using permanent GPS stations indicate that visible satellites, PDOP, and VDOP are very good for the vertical positioning. Integrated reference points such as U0997 and U0921 are satisfied with 3 ratings in the rules of public leveling and all the rest are proved improper. When the vertical positioning using Network RTK-GPS is implemented, the geoid height of EGM2008 should be applied for leveling. If the number of geodetic satellite are increasing in the near future, the vertical positioning using Network RTK-GPS can be possible in all the range.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.5 s.64
• /
• pp.743-760
• /
• 1997

This study was done to evaluate the correlations between the size, the form of the cranial base, head posture and the horizontal and vertical position of craniofacial structures. For this purpose, 100 cephalometric radiographs were taken from the sample composed of 51 male and 49 female, 12 measurement criteria and 37 reference points were established and digitized, then calculation was performed for the values of measurement variables and the horizontal and vertical position of reference points. The correlations be4ween them were analyzed statistically and mean facial diagrams were constructed and compared with the selected groups which were composed of 10 Samples each as large and small group from the measurement value. The following results were obtained: 1. The angles n-s-ba and n-s-ar as variables for the ion of cranial base correlated highly to the horizontal and vertical position of reference points in the cervical column with statistical significance($0.1\%$ level). 2. The angles n-s-ba and n-s-ar as variables for the form of cranial base correlated to the horizontal position of the reference points in the facial structure with statistical significance($1\%$ level), but not to the vertical position of them($5\%$ level). 3. The length n-s, s-ba, and n-ar as variables for the size of cranial base were correlated th the position of craniofacial structures in various ways, but in general, highly correlated to the horizontal and vertical position of midfacial structures around the teeth and alveolar area. 4. the angle NSL/CVT and NSL/OPT as postural variables tot the inclination of cranial base and cervical column were correlated to the horizontal position of the craniofacial structures with statistical significance($1\%$ level), but not to the vortical position of them($5\%$ level). 5. The angle OPT/HOR and CVT/HOR as postural variables lot the inclination of cranial base and true horizontal line were not correlated to the horizontal and vertical position of the craniofacial structures with statistical significance($5\%$ level). 6. The correlation between the measurement variables and horizontal and vortical positions of the reference poits in soft tissue were shown as similar to the related hard tissue points.