• Water for future
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.44-49
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• 2004

지표 수문학(surface hydrology)은 강수에 의한 수자원의 발생, 육지나 하천, 그리고 해양에서 발생하는 증발이나 유출 등에 의한 수자원의 손실과 저수지나 댐에서 수위 상승, 토양수분이나 적설의 증가, 그리고 지하수면의 상승 등에 의한 저류량의 증가 등을 종합적으로 설명하는 과학이다. 수자원의 발생이나 손실, 그리고 저류량의 증가를 설명하기 위해서는 질량보존의 법칙과 같은 단순한 물수지 방정식을 이용한다. 그러나, 지표면에서 발생되는 증발이나 식물에 의해서 발생되는 증산 등과 같은 증발산 작용은 에너지를 수반하기 때문에 수문학적인 수지를 규명하기 위해서는 물수지와 에너지수지를 동시에 이용해야 한다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2004

나노테크놀러지 중의 한 가지인 나노임프린트 리소그래피 기술은 수 ∼ 수십 나노 급의 선폭을 가지는 스탬프(stamp)를 전자빔 리소그래피(electron beam lithography)를 이용하여 제작한 후 스탬프에 형성된 패턴과 동일한 형상을 원하는 곳에 모사하는 기술이다. 이 기술은 크게 열을 가하는 방식과 UV 경화성 수지를 이용한 방식으로 나뉜다. 열을 가하는 나노임프린트 리소그래피 방식의 경우는 열 경화성 수지를 이용하여 고온 조건에서 스탬프를 고압으로 눌러 원래의 형상을 모사하며, UV 나노임프린트는 광경화 반응을 이용하여 수지를 경화 시켜 모사하는 차이점이 있다.(중략)

• 환경사랑
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• s.50
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• pp.8-9
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• 2007

협회는 2003년부터 환경부로부터 인가 받은 발포합성수지 포장재의 생산자책임재활용의무 이행 업무 수행과 관련하여 현장에서의 문제점을 파악하고 그 개선방안을 모색하기 위한 연구사업을 진행하였다. 지난 4월부터 11월까지 7개월 간 (사)자원순환사회연대에 의뢰하여 서울 등 6대 광역시, 강원, 호남, 충청권 농촌 지역 등의 발포합성수지 생산자, 사용자, 배출 및 수거자, 재활용사업자 등을 대상으로 제도분석, 설문조사, 현장조사 등으로 행해진 "발포합성수지 포장재 사용 및 처리실태 조사"연구사업의 결과를 요약 소개한다.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.136-148
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• 1988

본 논문은 Epoxy수지에 무기물을 첨가하여 tracking 특성에 미치는 자외선 조사의 영향을 연구하였다. 시료는 Bisphenol A형 Epoxy수지에 충진제 MgO와 Al(OH)$_{3}$를 각각 첨가한 시료와 무기물을 첨가하지 않은 무층진 시료에 대하여 자외선을 조사하여 산화 및 열화현상과 tracking현상을 비교 연구 검토하였다. 그 결과 자외선조사로 인하여 carbonyl기의 생성과 craze의 발생이 있었고 이는 tracking 파괴와 침식을 용이하게 한다. 그리고 Epoxy수지에 충진제를 첨가하므로서 자외선에 의한 열화를 감소시키고 내 tracking성을 향상시킨다.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.346
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• pp.97-97
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• 2022

환경부는 재활용기술 발전 등을 감안해 금속캔 및 합성수지재질 포장재의 재활용 방법 및 기준을 주기적으로 재검토할 수 있도록 관련 규정을 지속적으로 개선하고 있다. 지난 1월 19일에는 「자원의 절약과 재활용 촉진에 관한 법률」 제29조에 따른 공동운영위원회가 재활용기술 변화 등을 고려하여 재활용이 가능한 것으로 확인한 경우, 금속캔 및 합성수지재질 포장재의 재활용의 방법 및 기준에 추가할 수 있도록 요건을 확대하기 위해(안 제1조 2항) '금속캔 및 합성수지재질 포장재의 재활용의 방법 및 기준'을 일부 개정한다고 발표했다. 다음에 상세 내용을 살펴보도록 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.779-788
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• 2005

Purpose : Echinacea, a traditional plant medicine has been used as immune-stimulant. Recent studies have revealed that extract of Echinacea has immunostimulatory effects on human blood mononuclear cells. This study was designed for the purpose of screening the genes associated with immunologic effects of Echinacea on monocytes and dendritic cells using a cDNA microarray chip. Methods : $CD14^+$ monocyte cells were cultured for one day with Echinacea extract(final concentration : $50{\mu}g/mL$) in experiment 1, but were cultured without Echinacea in experiment 2. The gene expression of these cultured monocytes was analyzed using the cDNA microarray chip. Dendritic cells produced from $CD14^+$ monocyte were cultured for five days with GM-CSF and IL-4, and then cultured for one day with Echinacea in experiment 3, but were done without Echinacea in experiment 4. Results : In experiments 1 and 2, there were 17 significantly expressed genes with average expression ratios above 2.5, including interferon gamma-inducible protein 30(IFI 30), CDC(cell-division-cylcle)-like kinase 2(CLK 2), syndecan binding protein(syntenin), superoxide dismutase 2, etc. In experiments 3 and 4, there were 24 gene, with significantly expressed genes were 24 genes, which were insulin-like growth factor 2(somatomedin A), methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3, IFI 30, small inducible cytokine subfamily A, member 22, etc. The genes encoding CD44, IFI 30, mannose receptor C type 1(MRC 1), chemokine receptor 7(CCR 7), CLK 2, syntenin and cytochrome C oxidase subunit VIII were significantly expressed in both monocytes and dendritic cells cultured with Echinacea. Conclusion : This study employed a cDNA microarray chip to elicit the immune-associated gene profile; the expression was enhanced by Echinacea in CD14+ monocytes and dendritic cells. Thus we laid the basis for the quantitative and functional analysis of genes induced by Echinacea in monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2008

Purpose: To assess the toxicity and tumor response induced by $DCVac/IR^{(R)}$ dendritic cell(DC) immunotherapy combined with irradiation for refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Between May 2004 and November 2006, applicants from a pool of refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases were enrolled. The patients were registered after having signed the informed consent form, which had been approved by the Institutional Review Board from the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. DCs were obtained from peripheral blood of each patient, and then cultured in vitro. A total of $6{\times}10^6$ DCs were packed into a vial($DCVac/IR^{(R)}$, 0.5 ml) at the convenience of each patient's schedule. On the day before and on the day of each vaccination, each patient received a 4 Gy radiation dose to the target tumor. On the day of vaccination, the indicated dose of autologous DCs was injected into the irradiated tumor using ultrasound-guided needle injection procedures. A total of four vaccinations were scheduled at three 2-week intervals and one 4 week interval at the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. If the tumor status was deemed to be stable or responding to therapy, an additional vaccination dose or two was approved at 4 week intervals beyond the fourth immunization. A tolerance test for DCs was conducted by injecting a range of doses($3{\times}10^6\;to\;12{\times}10^6$ DCs) after the 3rd injection. Moreover, the maximal tolerable dose was applied to additional patients. Treatment safety was evaluated in all patients who had at least one injection. Treatment feasibility was evaluated by the 10th week by assessing the response of patients having at least 4 injections. For systemic toxicities, the evaluation was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, whereas adverse effects were recorded using common WHO toxicity criteria. Results: Of the 24 registered patients, 22 received the DCs injections. Moreover, of the 14 patients that applied for the tolerance test, only 11 patients completed it because 3 patients withdrew their testing agreement. A grade 3 or more side effect, which was possibly related to the DC injection, did not occur in additional patients. The $12{\times}10^6$ DC injection was identified as the maximum tolerable dose, and was then injected in an additional 8 patients. Patients tolerated the injection fairly well, with no fatal side effects. In order to assess the feasibility of DC immunotherapy, the response was evaluated in other hepatic lesions outside of the targeted hepatic lesion. The response evaluation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients who received at least 4 injections. Stable and progressive disease was found in 4 and 11 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The DC-based immunotherapy and radiotherapy is theoretically synergistic for the local control and systemic control. The $DCVac/IR^{(R)}$ immunotherapy combined with irradiation was tolerable and safe in the evaluated cases of refractory colorectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Future work should include well designed a phase II clinical trials.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 1987

The adsorption behavior of some chelating agents on the Amberlite XAD-7 resin was studied to obtain the optimum conditions for the preparation of chelating agent-XAD-7 resins. The chosen chelating agents are cupferron (CP), diphenylcarbazone (DPC), salicylaldoxime (SAO), thiosalicylic acid (TSA), and dimethylglyoxime (DMG), which have been well known chelating agents to Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni (Ⅱ) ions. Among the chelating agent-XAD-7 resins, SAO-XAD-7 and DMG-XAD-7 resins were evaluated as appropriate impregnated resins by investigating their stabilities in the wide pH range and high abilities to adsorb Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) ions. The selective adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from Ni(Ⅱ) was possible by changing pH condition by SAO-XAD-7 resin. The adsorption capacities of SAO-XAD-7 and DMG-XAD-7 for Cu(Ⅱ) were $7{\times}10^{-3}mmol$ Cu(Ⅱ) per gram of resin and $2{\times}10^{-3}mmol$ Cu(Ⅱ) per gram of resin, respectively. The quantitative recovery of Cu(Ⅱ) adsorbed by the resin was demonstrated. The adsorption behavior of Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) by the single and mixed bed of chelating agent-XAD-7 resin was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 1989

The elution mechanism of rare earth elements in cation exchange resin which was substituted with $NH_4^+,\;Zn^{2+}\;or\;Al^{3+}$ as a retaining ion had been investigated. Rare earths or rare earths-EDTA complex solution was loaded on the top of resin bed and eluted with 0.0269M EDTA solution. When the rare earth-EDTA complex was adsorbed on the $Zn^{2+}\;or\;Al^{3+}$ resin form, retaining ion was complexed with EDTA and liberated rare earths was adsorbed in the resin again. Adsorbed rare earths in resin phase could be eluted by the complexation reaction with EDTA eluent. On $NH_4^+$ resin form, the rare earth-EDTA complex which had negative charge could not adsorbed on the cation exchange resin because the complexation reaction between $NH_4^+$ and EDTA was impossible. So the elution time was much shorter than in $Zn^{2+}\;or\;Al^{3+}$ resin form. When the rare earths solution was loaded on the $Zn^{2+},\;Al^{3+}$ resin form bed, rare earths was adsorbed in the resin and the retaining ion was liberated. Adsorbed rare earths in resin bed was exchanged by EDTA eluent forming rare earths-EDTA complex, and eluted through these processes. On $NH_4^+$ resin form, rare earths loaded was adsorbed by exchange reaction with $NH_4^+$. As the EDTA eluent was added, rare earths was liberated from resin forming negatively charged rare earth-EDTA complex and eluted without any exchange reaction. So the elution time was greatly shortened and there was no metallic ion except rare earths in effluent. When the $Zn^{2+}\;and\;Al^{3+}$ was used as retaining ion, the pH of efflent was decreased seriousely because the $H^+$ liberated from EDTA molecule.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.149-154
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• 2010

Interfacial evaluation was investigated for single-carbon fiber/phenolic and carbon nanotube (CNT)-phenolic composites by micromechanical technique and electrical resistance measurement combined with wettability test. Compressive strength of pure phenol and CNT-phenolic composites were compared using Broutman specimen. The contact resistance of CNT-phenolic composites was obtained using a gradient specimen by two and four-point methods. Surface energies and wettability by dynamic contact angle measurement were measured using Wilhelmy plate technique. Since hydrophobic domains are formed as heterogeneous microstructure of CNT in the surface, the dynamic contact angle exhibited more than $90^{\circ}$. CNT-phenolic composites exhibited a higher apparent modulus than neat phenolic case due to better stress transferring effect. Work of adhesion, $W_a$ between single-carbon fiber and CNT-phenolic composites exhibited higher than neat phenolic resin due to the enhanced viscosity by CNT addition. It was consistent with micro-failure patterns in microdroplet test.