• Journal of the Geological Society of Korea
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.513-527
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• 2018

We have carried out granulometry and component analysis on pyroclastic deposits of the Maljandeung Tuff, Ulleung Island, to interpret the eruption types and prime dynamic mechanisms. It is divided into three members in the extracaldera area, each of which comprises the lithofacies of coarse tuffs and lapillistones in the lower part, and pumice deposits in upper one. The lithofacies present quantitative evidences in the granularity and component distribution patterns. As compared to the pumice deposits, the coarse tuffs and lapillistones exhibit a relative increase in both the lithic/juvenile and the crystal/juvenile ratios, and a preferential fragmentation of the juvenile fraction. The abundance of lithics and crystals in the tuffs and lapillistones can be attributed to preferential fragmentation of the aquifer-hosting rocks due to explosive evaporation of ground water, and indirect enrichment in lithics and crystals due to removal of juvenile fines from eruptive cloud. The above data exhibit that early phreatopmagmatic phase was followed by purely magmatic fragmentation phases. The coarse tuffs and lapillistones suggest phreatoplinian eruption derived from explosive interaction of magma with ground water near the conduit, while pumice deposits indicate magmatic eruption by magmatic explosion from juvenile gas pressure. In early stage, phreatoplinian eruption occurred from explosive magma/water interaction in connecting confining water with drawdown of the magma column in the conduit; Later it shifted to plinian eruption by explosive expansion of only magmatic volatiles in intercepting water influx due to higher magmatic gas pressure than confining water pressure with rising of the magma column in the conduit.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2014

Generally the lower part of the Earth's atmosphere, which is 20km above the ground, is called "air." The composition of this area is almost consistent consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Air density refers to the mass per unit volume of earth atmosphere. Though air is made of the mixed gases in a constant composition, the water vapor is one of the very changeable components. The density of moist air is lower than the dry one at the same temperature and pressure. As the density varies according to the pressure and temperature, this paper attempts to explore the main factors in the air quantity calculation by examining first the density calculation process according to the air property, and second the relation between the actual and standard air flow.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand relation of meteorological elements of air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure of four cities with Daegu. The followings are main results from this study. 1) There is very high correlation of meteorological elements according to distance between city and city. 2) In case of seaside town at Pohang, there were little changes than other cities for temperature, humidity and vapor pressure. 3) It was analysed stable and similar diurnal variation in water vapor pressure than air temperature and relative humidity at all observation site.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.29-36
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• 2006

최근 유해성이 강한 지표오존농도가 대기환경의 주요한 문제로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 경기도 평택과 서울 정동지역의 오존농도를 설명 변수를 사용할 수 있는 다변량 시계열 모형인 ARE(자기회귀오차) 모형으로 분석하였다. ARE모형에서는 오존 전체자료를 사용한 전체모형과 오존농도가 41ppb 이상 되는 자료를 사용한 부분모형 두 가지 모형을 비교하였다. ARE의 오존농도 설명변수로는 오존농도와 연관 있는 8종류의 기상자료와 4종류의 대기오염자료를 고려하였다. 기상자료의 8가지 설명변수로 일 최고온도, 일사량, 풍속, 상대습도, 강수량, 이슬점온도, 수증기압, 운량 자료를 사용하였다. 대기오염자료의 4가지 설명변수로는 아황산가스(SO2), 이산화질소(NO2), 코발트(CO)와 프로메툼 10(PM10)를 사용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.147-154
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• 2009

화재와 같은 고온의 환경에서 콘크리트의 고강도화는 폭렬(Explosive Spalling)이라는 큰 위험성을 가지고 있으며, 이러한 폭렬의 원인으로는 콘크리트 내부의 수증기압이 가장 큰 원인으로 제기되고 있다. 본 논문은 콘크리트의 폭렬발생 있어서 압축강도 및 함수율이 초기 폭렬특성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 검토하기위하여 건축구조물의 화재 온도조건인 ISO834 화재온도이력곡선을 15분, 30분 적용하여 콘크리트의 초기 폭렬특성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 압축강도 가열시간 함수율이 증가할수록 폭렬발생 및 폭렬현상이 증대되는 경향이 나타났으며, 15분, 30분 가열시간에 따른 잔존강도율을 나타내었다. 또한, 압축강도 및 함수율에 따른 폭렬발생영역을 분석하였으며, 압축강도 50${\sim}$100 MPa의 경우 함수율 3%이하, 100 MPa이상의 경우는 1%이하로 제어할 경우 폭렬현상이 발생하지 않을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.535-544
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• 2009

Signals from the Global Positioning System(GPS) satellite are used to retrieve the integrated amount of water vapor or the precipitable water vapor(PWV) along the path between a transmitting satellite and ground-based receiver. In order to retrieve the PWV from GPS signal delay in the troposphere, the actual zenith wet delay, which can be derived by extracting the zenith total delay and subtracting the actual zenith hydrostatic delay computed using surface pressure observing, will be needed. Since it has been not co-located between GPS permanent station and automated weather station, the air-pressure on the mean sea level has been used to determine the actual zenith hydrostatic delay. The directly use of this air-pressure has been caused the dilution of precision on GPS PWV retrieval. In this study, Korean reverse sea level correction method of air-pressure was suggested for the improving of GPS PWV retrieval capability and the accuracy of water vapor estimated by GPS was evaluated through a comparison with radiosonde PWV.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

A number of investigators have reported the formation of the radiolytic ultrafine particles produced by the interaction of ionizing radiation with water vapor. Previous studies have suggested that a very high localized concentration of the OH radical produced by the radiolysis of water can react with trace gas like organic vapors and produce lower vapor pressure compounds that can then nucleate. In order to determine water vapor dependence of the active, positively charged, first radon daughter(Po-218), an experiment was conducted using a well-controlled radon chamber. The activity size distribution of the radon daughter in the range of 0.5-100nm was measured using the parallel graded wire screens system. Measurements were taken for different relative humidity. The resultant activity size distributions were analyzed. The addition of water vapor to the radon carrier gases resulted in the formation of ultrafine particles by OH radicals formed by radon radiolysis. It may be due to the neutralization of charged Po-218 ion with water vapor through the radio lysis.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2010

We report on the deposition of ZnO films using a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) as a function of pushing pressure and kind of reactant such as oxygen gas and water A diethylzinc (DEZ) is supplied and controlled by Ar pushing pressure through bubbling system. Oxygen gas and water are used as reactant in order to form oxidation. We knew that the surface roughness is related in the process conditions such as reactant kind and DEZ flow rate. A substrate temperature has little role of surface roughness with $O_2$ reactant. However, $H_2O$ reactant makes it to increase over the 20 times. We could get the maximum roughness of 39.16 nm at the 90 sccm of DEZ Ar flow rate, the 8 Pa of $H_2O$ vapor pressure, and the $140^{\circ}C$ of substrate temperature. In this paper, we investigated the ZnO films for the application to the light absorption layer of solar cell layer.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2005

Microclimate of Gwangneung forest watershed is characterized by analyzing wind, radiation, profiles of air temperature and humidity, soil and bole temperature, precipitation and soil water content measured at and around the flux tower from April 2000 to September 2003. Mountain-valley wind was prevalent due to the topographic effect with dominant wind from east during daytime and relatively weak wind from west during nighttime. Air temperature reaches its peak in July-August whereas monthly-averaged incoming shortwave radiation shows its peak in May due to summer monsoon. Albedo ranges from 0.12 to 0.16 during the growing season. Monthly-averaged bole temperature is in phase with monthly- averaged air temperature which is consistently higher. Monthly-averaged soil temperature lags behind air temperature and becomes higher with leaf fall. With the emergence of leafage in April, maximum temperature level during midday shifts from the ground surface to the crown level of 15-20m in May. Profiles of water vapor pressure show a similar shift in May but the ground surface remains as the major source of water. Vapor pressure deficit is highest in spring and lowest in winter. Monthly averaged surface soil temperatures range from 0 to 20℃ with a maximum in August. Monthly averaged trunk temperatures of the dominant tree species range from -5.8 to 21.6℃ with their seasonal variation and the magnitudes similar to those of air temperature. Annual precipitation amount varies significantly from year to year, of which >60% is from July and August. Vertical profiles of soil moisture show different characteristics that may suggest an important role of lateral movement of soil water associated with rainfall events.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2001

지르칼로이-4와 장주기 고연소도용으로 개발된 신피복관인 Zirlo에 대해 LOCA 사고시 피복관이 노출되는 온도영역에서 대기압 조건에서 산화실험을 수행하였다. 온도범위는 $700{\;}-{\;}1200^{\circ}C$이다. 산화시간, 온도 에 따른 산화속도 모델이 제시되었다. 지르칼로이-4는 $1000^{\circ}C$이하의 대가압 수증기에서 3차 법칙을 따르는 반면에, Zirlo는 지속적으로 2차 법칙을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. $1000^{\circ}C$ 이상에선 Zirlo의 내부식성이 더 높게 평가되었다. 두 합금의 산화거동차이를 분석하기 위해 산화된 시편을 광학현미경으로 비교하였다. $1000^{\circ}C$ 이상 고온에서 Zirlo의 금 속내 $\alpha$상의 성장률이 지르칼로이-4에 비해 더 빨라, $\alpha$상이 더 넓게 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 피복관 표면에 이미 존재하는 산화막은 지르칼로이-4와 Zirlo 모두 일정시간 동안 보호성을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다.