• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to quantitatively measure the movement of tumors in real-time and evaluate the treatment accuracy, during the treatment of a liver tumor patient, who underwent radiosurgery with a Synchrony Respiratory motion tracking system of a robot CyberKnife. Materials and Methods: The study subjects included 24 liver tumor patients who underwent CyberKnife treatment, which included 64 times of treatment with the Synchrony Respiratory motion tracking system ($Synchrony^{TM}$). The treatment involved inserting 4 to 6 acupuncture needles into the vicinity of the liver tumor in all the patients using ultrasonography as a guide. A treatment plan was set up using the CT images for treatment planning uses. The position of the acupuncture needle was identified for every treatment time by Digitally Reconstructed Radiography (DRR) prepared at the time of treatment planning and X-ray images photographed in real-time. Subsequent results were stored through a Motion Tracking System (MTS) using the Mtsmain.log treatment file. In this way, movement of the tumor was measured. Besides, the accuracy of radiosurgery using CyberKnife was evaluated by the correlation errors between the real-time positions of the acupuncture needles and the predicted coordinates. Results: The maximum and the average translational movement of the liver tumor were measured 23.5 mm and $13.9{\pm}5.5\;mm$, respectively from the superior to the inferior direction, 3.9 mm and $1.9{\pm}0.9mm$, respectively from left to right, and 8.3 mm and $4.9{\pm}1.9\;mm$, respectively from the anterior to the posterior direction. The maximum and the average rotational movement of the liver tumor were measured to be $3.3^{\circ}$ and $2.6{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$, respectively for X (Left-Right) axis rotation, $4.8^{\circ}$ and $2.3{\pm}1.0^{\circ}$, respectively for Y (Crania-Caudal) axis rotation, $3.9^{\circ}$ and $2.8{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$, respectively for Z (Anterior-Posterior) axis rotation. In addition, the average correlation error, which represents the treatment's accuracy was $1.1{\pm}0.7\;mm$. Conclusion: In this study real-time movement of a liver tumor during the radiosurgery could be verified quantitatively and the accuracy of the radiosurgery with the Synchrony Respiratory motion tracking system of robot could be evaluated. On this basis, the decision of treatment volume in radiosurgery or conventional radiotherapy and useful information on the movement of liver tumor are supposed to be provided.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.148-155
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• 2002

Multithreaded models improve the efficiency of parallel systems by combining inner parallelism, asynchronous data availability and the locality of von Neumann model. This model executes thread code which is generated by compiler and of which quality is given by the method of generation. But multithreaded models have the demerit that execution model is restricted to a specific platform. On the contrary, Java has the platform independency, so if we can translate from threads code to Java bytecode, we can use the advantages of multithreaded models in many platforms. Java executes Java bytecode which is intermediate language format for Java virtual machine. Java bytecode plays a role of an intermediate language in translator and Java virtual machine work as back-end in translator. But, Java bytecode which is translated from multithreaded models have the demerit that it is not secure. This paper, multhithread code whose feature of platform independent can execute in java virtual machine. We design and implement translator which translate from thread code of multithreaded code to Java bytecode and which check secure problems from Java bytecode.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.719-723
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• 2014

For effective implementation of total maximum daily load (TMDL), this study presented the improving plans of non-point source pollution management including the classification of non-point source pollution, calculation of non-point source pollution load (generated, discharged), selection of non-point source pollution management regions and management of non-point source pollutant. First of all, the definition of point source pollution and non-point source pollution based on the legal and scientific viewpoint should be precisely classified and managed. Especially, the forest, grassland and river without occurrence of environmental damage by activity of business and human should be separately classified natural background pollutants. The unit for generated and discharged non-point source pollution should be preferentially changed according to actual condition of watershed. The calculation methods of generated and discharged non-point source pollution should be corrected consideration on the amount and duration of rainfall. While the TMDL is implemented, non-point source pollution management regions should be selected in the watersheds exceed the targeted water quality standards by the rainfall. The non-point source pollution management regions should be selected in the minimal regions where have high values of discharged non-point source pollution density in the urban area, farmland and site area except forest, grassland in the whole watershed. The non-point source pollutant treatment facilities, which take into consideration non-point source pollution load per unit area, duration of the excess concentration, realizable possibility of treatment, effectiveness of treatment cost versus point source pollutant, should be established in the regions with a large generated non-point source pollution load and a high concentration of water quality exceed the targeted water quality standards by the rainfall.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.423-435
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• 1984

The reproductive cycle of the small filefish, Rudarius ercodes was investigated based on the annual variations of gonadosomatic index(GSI) and hepatosomatic index(HSI) by electronic and photic microscophy. The specimens used were collected at the coastal area of Benden island, Sizuokagen, Japan, from September 1982 to August 1983. GSI began to increase from March, starting season of longer daylength and higher water temperature, and reached the maximum value between June and August. It began to decrease from September with the lowest value appearing between November and February without any evident variation. The annual variations of HSI were not distinct in male filefish and were negatively related to GSI in female : HSI decreased in the summer season when the ovary was getting mature and reached the maximum in the winter season when the ovary was getting retrogressive. The ovary consisted of a pair of saccular structure with numerous ovarian sacs branched toward the median cavity. Oogonia divided and proliferated along the germinal epithelium of the ovarian sac. Young oocytes with basophile cytoplasm showed several scattering nucleoli along the nuclear membrane. when the oocytes growing to about 300 ${\mu}m$, nuclear membrane to disappear with nucleus migrating toward the animal pole. The regions of protoplasm were extremely confined within the animal hemisphere in which most of cytoplasms were filled with yolk materials and oil drops. After ovulation, residual follicles and growing oocytes remaining in the ovarian sacs degenerated. But perinucleatic young oocytes without follicles formed were not degenerated, and growing continuously still in the next year. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula in the cytoplasm remarkably increased with oocytes maturing and yolk accumulating. Those were considered to be functionally related to the yolk accumulation. Five or six layers of possible vitellogenin, oval-shaped disc structures with high electron density, appeared in the apex of follicular processes stretching to the microvilli pits of mature oocytes. Testis consisting of a pair of lobular structures in the right and left were united in the posterior seminal vesicle, Cortex of testis was composed of several seminiferous tubules, and medulla consisting of many sperm ducts connected with tubules. Steroid hormone-secreting cells with numerous endoplasmic reticula and large mitochondria of well developed cristae were recognized in the interstitial cells of the growing testis. Axial filament of spermatozoon invaginated deeply in the central cavity of the nucleus and the head formed U-shape with acrosome severely lacking, mitochondria formed large globular paranuclei at the posterior head, and microtubular axoneme of the tail represented 9+9+2 type. The annual reproductive cycles could be divided into five successive stages : growth(March to July), maturation(May to September), Spawning(mid May to early October) and resting stages(October to February). The spawning peak occurred from June to August.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-92
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• 2003

Registration and description of records are important elements of processing which provide with the background information of production of records and business-related information. They also enable to search and use the records. In this paper, I examined the Korean registration and description system defined in the Public Records Management Act which directs the records creating agency to register records in creating offices and directs the "professional archives" to make "basic registrations" and "detailed registrations" of the records. In the analysis and comparison of two different registration and description systems with the known international standards of records and archives management, such as ISO15489 and ISAD(G), I intended to evaluate the Korean records and archives management system and suggested recommendations for the renovation of the Korean recordskeeping system. Despite we have unique office business procedures and the culture of officialdom, and despite we have developed our system based on the established business procedures and office culture, it would be preferable to adopt or follow the international standards and established best practices. After the comparative analysis, I recommended some innovations in the filed of registration and description. For instance, in the basic registration. we would better to install an item of "simple contents summary." We may also need the multiple-level description. The fonds level description and the series level description should be introduced to our archival automated management system. We need to establish a Korean standard of description adopting the rules of the ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF). Essential requirements for electronic records management, such as contextual and structural information, should be incorporated in the new standard. Documentation of records disposition also should be reinforced to guarantee the authenticity of records and to ensure control of the records. To implement the recommendations for the standard, we need to amend the Public Records Management Act and its Regulations and Rules. Also it is imperative to redesign the GARS integrated archival automated management system.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.394-405
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• 2009

Statement of problem: Crestal bone loss, a common problem associated with dental implant, has been attributed to excessive bone stresses. Design of implant's transgingival (TG) part may affect the crestal bone stresses. Purpose: To investigate if concavely designed geometry at a dental implant's TG part reduces peri-implant bone stresses. Material and methods: A total of five differently configured TG parts were compared. Base model was the ITI one piece implant (Straumann, Waldenburg, Switzerland) characterized by straight TG part. Other 4 experimental models, i.e. Model-1 to Model-4, were designed to have concave TG part. Finite element analyses were carried out using an axisymmetric assumption. A vertical load of 50 N or an oblique load of 50 N acting at $30^{\circ}$ with the implant's long axis was applied. For a systematic stress comparison, a total of 19 reference points were defined on nodal points around the implant. The peak crestal bone stress acting at the intersection of implant and crestal bone was estimated using regression analysis from the stress results obtained at 5 reference points defined along the mid plane of the crestal bone. Results: Base Model with straight configuration at the transgingival part created highest stresses on the crestal bone. Stress level was reduced when concavity was imposed. The greater the concavity and the closer the concavity to the crestal bone level, the less the crestal stresses. Conclusion: The transgingival part of dental implant affect the crestal bone stress. And that concavely designed one may be used to reduce bone stress.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.852-861
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• 1996

Background : Many clinicians have experienced the difficulty of decision on termination of antituberculosis chemotherapy after the 6th month due to relapse of disease. There is still controversy in the effect of 2S(K)HRZ/4HRZ 6-month short course chemotherapy including pyrazinamide for 6 months in patiems with pulmonary tuberculosis. And there is no long term follow-up study of 6-month short course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis in korea. So we had performed the study to find the result of 6-month antituberculosis chemotherapy for 4 years. Method : We studied prospectively the effect of 2S(K)HRZ/4HRZ in one hundred-fifty patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and followed up fifty-nine patients for more than 1 year to 4 years after the completion of 6-month short course therapy. Results : 1) Out of one hundred-fifty patients, seventy-two patients(48%) completed the prescribed 6-month chemotherapy. Sixty-eight patients(45.3%) have experienced premature discontinuation and the most common cause of premature discontinuation was drop-out against advice(thirty-six patients, 24%). Ten patients(6.7%) were treated beyond the 6 months mainly due to irregular treatment. 2) Fifty-nine patients(81.9%) among seventy-two patients with completed treatment have been followed up for more than 1 year and 32 patients(44.4%) for more than 4 years. There was three relapse patients of whom two patients have experienced relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis within 1 year after the termination of chemotherapy. 3) Among one hundred-thirty-four patients who have been assessible for more than two months of chemotherapy, including the patients who experienced within 2 months, there were eighty-two patients(61.2%) who have experienced adverse reactions and the treatment regimen was changed only in thirteen patients(9.7%). The most frequent cause of adverse reactions was arthralgia and/or hyperuricemia, which had occurred in 33 patients(24.6%). Conclusion : In a university hospital in Korea, 6-month shot course chemotherapy of 2S(K)HRZ/4HRZ had unnegligible relapses and premature discontinuation. Therefore, change of the regimen might be carefully considered by drug susceptibility results. Close monitoring of patients, retrial of sputum exam and radiologic evaluation during treatment might be required in the endemic area of drug resistant strains like in Korea. Further study about the effect of 6-month short course chemotherapy including pyrazinamide for 6-month might be needed.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 1986

The measured soil data are analyzed to the descriptive statistics and classified into the four models of uncorrelated-normal (UNNO), uncorrelated-nonnormal (VNNN), correlatedonnormal(CONN), and correlated-nonnormal(CONN) . This paper presents the comparisons of reliability index and check points using the advanced first-order second-moment method with respect to the four models as well as BASIC Program. A sin91e-mode Performance function is consisted of the basic design variables of bearing capacity and settlements on shallow foundations and input the above analyzed soil informations. The main conclusions obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. In the bearing capacity mode, cohesion and bearing-capacity factors by C-U test are accepted for normal and lognormal distribution, respectively, and negatively low correlated to each other. Since the reliability index of the CONN model is the lowest one of the four model, which could be recommended a reliability.based design, whereas the other model might overestimate the geotechnical conditions. 2. In the case of settlements mode, the virgin compression ratio and preccnsolidation pressure are fitted for normal and lognormal distribution, respectively. Constraining settlements to the lower ones computed by deterministic method, The CONN model is the lowest reliability of the four models.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Centrifugal pump is a facility that transfers energy to fluid through centrifugal force, which is usually generated by rotating the impeller at high speed, and is a major process facility used in many LNG production bases such as vaporization seawater pump, industrial water and fire extinguishing pump using seawater. to be. Currently, pumps in LNG plant sites are subject to operating conditions that vary depending on the amount of supply desired by the customer for a long period of time. Pumps in particular occupy a large part of the consumption strategy at the plant site, and if the optimum operation condition is not available, it can incur enormous energy loss in long term plant operation. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to identify the performance deterioration factor through the flow analysis and the result analysis according to the fluctuations of the pump's operating conditions and to determine the optimal operation efficiency. In order to evaluate operation efficiency through experimental techniques, considerable time and cost are incurred, such as on-site operating conditions and manufacturing of experimental equipment. If the performance of the pump is not suitable for the site, and the performance of the pump needs to be reduced, a method of changing the rotation speed or using a special liquid containing high viscosity or solids is used. Especially, in order to prevent disruptions in the operation of LNG production bases, a technology is required to satisfy the required performance conditions by processing the existing impeller of the pump within a short time. Therefore, in this study, the rotation difference of the pump was applied to the ANSYS CFX program by applying the modified 3D modeling shape. In addition, the results obtained from the flow analysis and the curve fitting toolbox of the MATLAB program were analyzed numerically to verify the outer diameter correction theory.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.501-501
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• 1997

당뇨병성(糖尿病性) 주위신경병변(周圍神經病變)은 당뇨병(糖尿病)에서 가장 많이 볼 수 있는 삼대합병증(三大合倂症) 중(中)의 하나이다. 환자(患者)의 임상표현(臨床表現)은 사고(四股) 및 구간부(軀幹部)가 마목(麻木)하고,동통(疼痛)이 칼로 베는 듯하거나 침(鍼)으로 찌르는 듯하여 참기 힘들며, 환자(患者)로 하여금 작업능력(作業能力)을 상실(喪失)하게 하고 휴식(休息)과 수안(睡眼)에 엄중(嚴重)한 영향(影響)을 준다. 지금까지 국내외(國內外)에서는 아직 효과적(效果的)인 치료방법(治療方法)이 없다. 우리는 임상(臨床)에서 관찰(觀察)해 본 결과(結果), 이 병(病)의 임상표현(臨床表現)인 "사고마목(四股麻木), 자통(刺痛), 야간가중(夜間加重), 통처고정(痛處固定)"의 특징(特徵)이 중의임상(中醫臨床)에서 표현(表現)되는 "혈어형(血瘀型)" 동통(疼痛)과 완전(完全)히 상동(上同)하였다. 우리는 "활혈화어(活血化瘀), 통락지통(通絡止痛), 거어생신(祛瘀生新)"을 치료원칙(治療原則)으로 중약복방(中藥復方) 제제(制劑) "당말녕(糖末寧)"을 제조(製造)하여 이 병(病)을 치료(治療)하는데 만족(滿足)스러운 임상치료효과(臨床治療效果)를 거두었다. 전체(全體)의 병례(病例)는 모두 우리 과(科)의 입원환자(入院患者)로써 모두 45례(例)인데, 병기(病機)에 따라 양조(兩組)로 나누었다. 관찰조(觀察組) 30례(例) 중(中)에는 남성(男性)이 19례(例)이고 여성(女性)이 12례(例)이며, 年齡(연령)은 25세(歲)에서 68세(歲)까지로 평균연령(平均年齡)이 49.8세(歲)이다. I형(型) 당뇨병(糖尿病)이 10례(例)이고 II형(型) 당뇨병(糖尿病)이 20례(例)이며, 당뇨병(糖尿病)의 병정(病程)은 6개월(個月)에서 17년(年)사이로 평균(平均) 7.1 년(年)이다. 주위신경병변(周圍神經病變)의 병정(病程)은 2주(周)에서 3년(年)까지로 평균(平均) 1년(年)이다. 대조조(對照組)는 15례(例)로 남성(男性)이 8례(例)이고 여성(女性)이 7례(例)이며, 연령(年齡)은 20세(歲)에서 65세(歲)까지로 평균(平均) 49세(歲)이다. I형(型) 당뇨병(糖尿病)이 7례(例)이고 II형(型) 당뇨병(糖尿病)이 8례(例)이며, 橋民病의 병정(病程)은 3개월(個月)에서 12년(年)까지로 평균(平均) 7.5년(年)이다. 주위신경병변(周圍神經病變)의 병정(病程)은 1개월(個月)에서 3년(年)까지로 평균병정(平均病程)은 11.6개월(個月)이다. 양조(兩組)사이의 병정(病程)은 현저(顯著)한 차이는 없으나 서로 비교(比較)해 볼만하다. 당말녕(糖末寧)은 주(主)로 삼궁(三芎),원호(元胡), 당귀(當歸), 계혈승 등(等)의 약물(藥物)로 조성(組成)되었고, 약제실(藥劑室)에서 濃縮液(농축액)(매(每) ml당(當) 생약량(生藥量) 2.5g 함유(含有))으로 제조(製造)하였다. 관찰조(觀察組)는 매차례(每次例) 당말녕(糖末寧) 50ml를 하루 세번씩 복용(服用)하였고; 대조조(對照組)는 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_6$을 각각(各各) 20mg씩 하루 세차례 복용(服用)하였다. 양조(兩組) 모두 사주(四周)를 한번의 치료료정(治療療程)으로 하였다. 우리는 모두 45례(例)의 환자(患者)를 관찰(觀察)하였는데, 그 중(中) 관찰조(觀察組)가 30례(例)이고 대조조(對照組)가 15례(例)이다. 임상표현(臨床表現) 분급(分級)과 신경근전도(神經筋電圖)(운동신경(運動神經)과 감각신경(感覺神經)의 전도(電圖) 속도(速度))를 치료(治療) 전(前)과 후(後)의 대조지표(對照指標)로 하였고. 매(每) 4주(周)를 한개의 료정(療程)으로 총(總) 1-2개(個)의 료정(療程)을 진행(進行)하여 比較硏究(비교연구)하였다. 총유효율(總有效率)은 96.7%이고 총현효율(總顯效率)은 50%로써 대조조(對照組)보다 뚜렷하게 높았다. 치료전(治療前) MNCV와 SNCV를 측정(測定)한 것은 당말녕(糖末寧)이 당뇨병(糖尿病) 주위신경병변(周圍神經病變) 환자(患者)의 신경전도속도(神經電圖速度)를 명확(明確)하게 개선(改善)하였음을 표현(表現)하고 있다. 신경근전도(神經筋電圖)에서 자발전위(自發電位)는 눈에 띄게 감소(減少)되고 소력수축(小力收縮)의 평균시한(平均時限)은 명확(明確)히 연장(延長)되었으며 다상전위(多相電位)는 명확(明確)하게 증가(增加)되었는데, 이는 신경지측(神經支測)이 재생(再生)되고 회복(恢復)하였음을 설명(說明)하고 있다. 중약복방제제(中藥復方制劑) "당말녕(糖末寧)"이 본병(本病)을 치료(治療)하는 기전(機轉)은 여러 방면(方面)일 것이다. 그 중(中) 微循環(미순환)을 개선(改善)하고 적혈구(赤血球)의 변형성(變形性)을 향상(向上)하여 신경세포(神經細胞)에 혈액(血液)과 산소공급(酸素供給) 및 영양공급(營養供給)을 향상(向上)함으로써 神經損傷(신경손상)의 수정(修整)과 회복(恢復)을 촉진(促進)하는 것이 주요(主要)한 일환(一環)이 될 것이다.