• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-19
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• 2006

The study aims to design and suggest criteria of the academic credit approval for those who obtain diverse qualifications. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, a Delphi survey was conducted. Consequently this study suggests the following, based on the argument that existing credit approval system covering all qualifications requires improvement especially due to limited function and efficiency. First, most respondents who took part in the management of academic credit bank system in the Korea Educational Development Institute stated that the current system is of limitation. Out of the all items, one was indicated as one not directly related the majoring area for the degree, three items were indicated as approved in the bachelor degree and two items were as approved in the associate degree. Second, occupational area for approving qualification items should be classified according to the KRIVET classification structure for national qualification.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.311-331
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze mathematical errors and the effects of reflective problem posing activities on students' mathematical problem solving abilities and attitudes toward mathematics. We chose two 5th grade groups (experimental and control groups) to conduct this research. From the results of this study, we obtained the following conclusions. First, reflective problem posing activities are effective in improving students' problem solving abilities. Students could use extended capability of selecting a condition to address the problem to others in the activities. Second, reflective problem posing activities can improve students' mathematical willpower and promotes reflective thinking. Reflective problem posing activities were conducted before and after the six areas of mathematics. Also, we examined students' mathematical attitudes of both the experimental group and the control group about self-confidence, flexibility, willpower, curiosity, mathematical reflection, and mathematical value. In the reflective problem posing group, students showed self check on their problems solving activities and participated in mathematical discussions to communicate with others while participating mathematical problem posing activities. We suggested that reflective problem posing activities should be included in the development of mathematics curriculum and textbooks.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to create a program that will revitalize as an autonomous person through dialogue training that integrates reason and emotion when the personality formed as a child does not help life and growth of reality. The research method is to analyze the current personality as five ego states and find a way to correct or complement the result. Study results found a way to complement the external ego states shown in the state to self-activation techniques, The inner part is to achieve autonomy through the change of Trinity, the ultimate goal of change of Transactional Analysis(TA) namely, the change of three abilities: self-awareness, spontaneity, and intimacy. This is the ability to use all the resources of an individual to solve problems, or to make recovery look real.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2010

Robots have been recognized as effective tools to promote high level thinking such as creativeness and problem solving that are crucial in Intelligence & Information era. However, robot education in Korea is more concerned with assembling, traveling and programing, while robot education in foreign countries are incorporated with educational courses, being utilized in various ways. Essentially, robot is a multifunctioning device of planning, assembling, operation and problem solving. As it is able to provide practical educational experience, it will positively influence in motivation and accomplishment if being incorporated with educational courses. Therefore, this study compared domestic and foreign robot education cases, while establishing the framework of course incorporated robot education based on analysis of robot mechanism, the 7th curriculum and its activities. We developed robot utilizing educational program by each grade and subject. In addition, this program is reviewed by experts to verify its adequateness, reality and usefulness based on which it was revised and supplemented.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

This research is a part of a research program to develope a new design method for reinforced concrete bridge columns under axial load and cyclic lateral load. A nonlinear analytical method is proposed to obtain moment-curvature relationship and lateral load-displacement relationship. Various analytical models that contribute seismic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge columns are adopted and modified by comparing quasi-static test results of reinforced concrete columns with spirals of circular hoops. The analysis adopts confined concrete model, longitudinal reinforcement test result of reinforced concrete columns with spirals or circular hoops. The analysis adopts confined concrete model, etc. The results obtained using the propose analytical method agree well with test results and give conservative estimations particularly for deformation capacity and ductility.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.95-104
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• 2021

Software education is drawing attention as an education for fostering future talents who will lead the 4th industrial revolution. The purpose of software education for everyone from kinder to adults is not simply to develop programming skills, but to develop "Computational Thinking," a problem-solving ability that effectively solves real-world problems based on computing. Therefore, how to cultivate and evaluate computational thinking is a very important issue. This paper proposed a method of applying a process-based performance evaluation method to evaluate computational thinking ability in the process of solving learners' problems. The developed contents were revised and supplemented through two Delphi surveys by a group of experts consisting of five university professors and five incumbent information teachers majoring in computer science and computer education to verify the effectiveness of the final model. I hope This paper can contribute to the study of evaluating computer thinking ability from the perspective of problem solving.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.111-121
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• 2006

As Internet lastly grows, network attack techniques are transformed and new attack types are appearing. The existing network-based intrusion detection systems detect well known attack, but the false-positive or false-negative against unknown attack is appearing high. In addition, The existing network-based intrusion detection systems is difficult to real time detection against a large network pack data in the network and to response and recognition against new attack type. Therefore, it requires method to heighten the detection rate about a various large dataset and to reduce the false-positive. In this paper, we propose method to reduce the false-positive using multi-level detection algorithm, that is combine the multidimensional Apriori algorithm and the modified Negative Selection algorithm. And we apply this algorithm in intrusion detection and, to be sure, it has a good performance.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2000

Eighty dairy farms (38 farms responded) in Palmerston North area of New Zealand were questioned by mail questionnaire on: 1) general characteristics, 2) milk yield and feed supplementary, 3) reproductive efficiencies (12 questions) and 4) reproductive disorders (12 questions) from February to July, 1998. Among those 4 items, the reproductive efficiencies (3) and disorders (4), various diseases and culling rates were surveyed and analyzed for Korean dairy farmers (especially in Cheju island) and compared with New Zealand. The results are as follows: 1. Fifteen farms in 38 dairy farms relied entirely on artificial insemination, the rest of 23 dairy farms (60.5%) raised 5∼6 bulls to increase conception rate. The dairy farmers in Palmerston North used artificial insemination from Oct 4th to Dec 10th for 42.8 days, and then used bulls from that point to coming Jan 10th for 41.4 days. The submission rate within 3, 6 and 10 weeks following the initiation of AI season was 84.7, 93.9 and 97.9% respectively. 2. The average age of heifers at the first estrus, pregnancy and calving was 11.0, 18.0 and 24.7 months respectively, and an average 1.4 estrus cycles were required for conception. The intervals of estrus recurrence and the following conception after calving were 38 and 68 days respectively. 3. Among inseminated cows, calving, abortion and empty cow was 90.9, 1.6 and 7.4% respectively. Calving rate decreased according to increasing farm size, while the number of empty cows decreased. 4. Stillbirth, retained placenta and delivery abnormalities were 5.3, 3.7 and 5.5% respectively, not different depend on herd size. 5. The incidence of milk fever, grass tetany, and ketosis was 3.6, 3.0 and 1.0%, respectively. The delivery abnormality and mastitis treated with medicine were 3.1 and 6.7%, but decreased according to farm size. Lameness was 8.6% on average, but over 10% in farms which has more than 400 milking cows. 6. Among the culled cows (15.5% of the total), those culled due to an old age, lameness and other diseases were 2.9, 1.8 and 4.3% respectively and those culled due to low milk production, reproductive abnormality reduced with farm size. 7. Compared with the data collected in Korea, the reproductive efficiency was better, and lameness, metabolic problem and culling rate were higher in New Zealand

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2001

OSBA(oocytes-sperm binding assay) is a tool developed for rapid test of optimal condition of IVF medium and protein source by binding ability of mouse sperm and egg. Mouse oocyte-cumulus complexes were prepared by removing of the cumulus cells with 0.1% hyaluronidase. 10$\pm$2 oocytes per 30 ${mu}ell$ medium drop were inseminated with 3 ${mu}ell$ sperm suspension and were cultured f3r 3 hours and 24 hours, respectively. And the oocytes were recovered gently and the No. of sperm bound on oocytes were counted. In the Exp. 1, the ratio of oocytes bound with one sperm at least were 60.2%(50/83), 2%(2/77) and 100%(79/79) in the medium with no protein, FBS(15%, v/v) and BSA(0.4%. w/v), respectively, Fetal bovine serum(FBS) seriously inhibited sperm binding on oocyte, although bovine serum albumin(BSA) promoted the binding ability. The inhibiting effect of FBS was dependent on the concentration of FBS. The sperm binding ability according to oocyte maturity was tested in the Exp. 2. There was no significant difference between Met. II (mature) and Met. I (intermediate mature) oocytes in the number of oocytes bound with sperm and the number of sperm bound on oocytes. Finally, in Exp. 3, two batches of Ham's F10 medium with good and poor quality by OSBA were tested (The ratios of embryos developed from PN 1-cell stage to hatched blastocyst; 25% vs. 70%). In the medium with good quality, sperm binding ability was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05). The ratio of oocytes bound with one sperm at least was 66% and 90% in the medium with poor and good quality, respectively. Conclusively, It was possible to test IVF medium condition rapidly and easily by OSBA.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.317-325
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• 2001

This study investigated the effect of ferrous sulfate (Fe$^{2+}$) and/or ascorbic acid (Asc) on fertilizing ability in vitro of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. Using chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence, the spermatozoa was treated in preincubation medium with control, Fe$^{2+}$(1 mM), Asc (0.5 mM) and Fe$^{2+}$Asc to assessed for acrosome reaction, and the oocyte penetration test to determine whether the Fe$^{2+}$ and/or Asc can promote the penetration ability in vitro. When frozen-thawed spermatozoa was washed with preincubation medium, there were significantly (P ＜ 0.05) more acrosome-reacted in medium with Fe$^{2+}$Asc (38%) than control (27%). The penetration rates were also significantly (P ＜ 0.05) higher in medium with Fe$^{2+}$Asc (76%) than control (55%). Next, the lipid peroxidation of sperm was evaluated on the basis of malondialdehyde production following same treatments. The addition of Fe$^{2+}$Asc to sperm suspension increases the formation of malondialdehyde. However, there were not significantly different under the all conditions. The sperm suspension were also treated with control, Fe$^{2+}$, Asc and Fe$^{2+}$/Asc and assayed for sulfhydry1(-SH) group content. In the Fe$^{2+}$/Asc group, sperm-SH group were higher than another groups. In spermatozoa treated with Fe$^{2+}$ and/or Asc, however, no changes in sperm -SH-groups were detected when compared to controls. In another experiment, the activity of sperm binding to zona pellucida was evaluated through binding to salt-stored porcine oocytes. In control and Asc treatment groups, sperm binding to zona pellucida were significantly (P ＜ 0.05) higher than in medium with Fe$^{2+}$. On the other hand, there is not a significant increase in binding to zona pellucida with spermatozoa treated by Fe$^{2+}$/Asc. In summary, the present study suggests that Fe$^{2+}$/Asc causes an enhancement in fertilizing ability that is associated with penetration rate increased without change of spermatozoa binding capacity to homologous zona pellucida.o homologous zona pellucida.