• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.111-131
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate how secondary mathematics teachers understand and intend to use textbooks for their mathematics instruction. For this purpose, we developed a set of survey items in order to unpack what the teachers understand the mathematical tasks suggested in the textbooks in terms of the levels of cognitive demand and how they intended to use the tasks in the textbooks for their teaching. Twenty-five teachers participated in the survey. The data from the survey were analyzed. The findings from the data analysis suggested as follows: a) the teachers seemed to closely follow textbooks without attempting to modify the tasks, even when the teachers consider it is necessary to modify textbook tasks to high-level tasks, b) the teachers seemed to be unstable in regards that they admitted themselves very competent for modifying tasks for developing students' mathematical thinking but, at the same time, they were uncomfortable with transforming tasks into cognitively demanding tasks that promote students' mathematical understanding, and c) the teachers appeared to consider textbooks as significant criteria in conducting tests including midterm and final exam. In conclusion, the teachers seemed to intend to follow closely the contents and sequence of mathematics textbooks in their mathematics classrooms.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2022

'Trust' is 'believing and relying on people or things', and at the same time, it is the foundation and essential condition of existence of a specific community or society. How blockchain technology creates trust can be found in the fact that it is a technology shared by all participants. As a shared technology, blockchain itself shows three characteristics: transparency, immutability, and availability. Because it is shared, it is transparent, and because it is shared, it is immutable, which is difficult to modify or delete. In addition, since it is shared, the entire system operates normally even if some failure occurs. The significance of trust created based on this blockchain technology can be summarized in three aspects as follows. The first is to understand the problem of trust in connection with technology. Second, understanding the relationship between information and trust begins to pay attention. Third, based on the expanded information processing capability, it is possible to establish a large-scale, concrete relationship without central mediation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.169-174
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze Korean college students' perceptions of interactions and senses of community, among students, and instructors and students as they took face-to-face classes by the time students and instructors came back to the classroom. Forty-nine college students participated in the study, and all of them had experienced non-face-to-face classes during the last two years from 2020 through 2021. They responded to the revised Rovai (2002)'s Classroom Community Scale (CCS), and the data were analyzed using a frequency analysis. The findings of data analysis showed that the students positively perceived the class contents and teaching formats of face-to-face classes, in terms of understanding and concentration on the class. On the other hand, it was found out that the students would still need more time for being familiar with face-to-face classes, and their affective variables of the educational environment should be considered.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.361-368
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• 2022

In this study, the normal group and possible sarcopenia(PS) group were divided by the criteria for sarcopenia diagnostic based on the 7th period data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. An independent t-test and logistic regression was performed for the difference between the two groups. As a result, the PS group was older, and height, weight, and BMI were all lower. The waist circumference was significantly lower in men but significantly higher in women. According to the quality of life by domain, the frequency of impairment in daily activities in exercise capacity was 8.28 fold in men and 15.52 fold in women. In addition, aerobic exercise regularity was 19% and 26% lower in the PS, and strength exercise regularity was practiced was 52% and 43% lower.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.08a
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• pp.59-67
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• 2021

The development of AI technology has brought about a big change in our lives. As AI's influence grows from life to society to the economy, the importance of education on AI and data is also growing. In particular, the OECD Education Research Report and various domestic information and curriculum studies address data literacy and present it as an essential competency. Looking at domestic and international studies, one can see that the definition of data literacy differs in its specific content and scope from researchers to researchers. Thus, the definition of major research related to data literacy was analyzed from various angles and derived from various angles. In key studies, Word2vec natural language processing methods, along with word frequency analysis used to define data literacy, are used to analyze semantic similarities and nominate them based on content elements of curriculum research to derive the definition of 'understanding and using data to process information'. Based on the definition of data literacy derived from this study, we hope that the contents will be revised and supplemented, and more research will be conducted to provide a good foundation for educational research that develops students' future capabilities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2021

농업가뭄은 관측과 예측이 용이하지 않고 정량적으로 나타내기도 어려운 자연현상이며, 우리나라의 경우 농업용수 이용량이 많고, 농업용 저수지, 양수장 등 이용형태가 다양하므로 강수 부족으로 농업가뭄이 발생한다고 해도 실제로 농업현장에서 느끼는 가뭄은 시·공간적으로 다를 수 있다. 농업용수 공급은 수문관리원이 경험을 통한 수문관리를 해오고 있으며, 그 방법 또한 정확한 계측이 아닌 경험으로 이루어지고 있어 공급량 관리가 정성적이고 제한적인 한계가 발생한다. 따라서, 수원공에서 수로조직 및 포장에 이르기까지의 용수공급 모의를 통해 농업용수 공급의 합리적인 분배, 말단 수로 및 포장까지 안정적인 용수공급을 위한 물공급 및 분배 효율 분석이 필요하다. 또한, 기존 농업용 수리시설물의 물 공급 능력 평가 및 들녘단위의 평야부 물 부족지역과 과잉공급된 지역의 정확한 파악을 위한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서, 농업용 저수지 및 양수장의 주목적인 관할 수혜구역에 대한 농업용수공급 안정성 및 관개효율을 평가하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 상주지역의 덕가 저수지를 대상으로 양수장 위치에 따라 가상의 3가지 용수공급 시나리오를 구성하고 각 시나리오별 수로 네트워크 모의를 통해 평야부의 공급량 및 관개효율을 비교 분석하고자 한다. 2017년부터 2019년까지 농업기반시설관리시스템 (Rural Infrastructure Management System, RIMS) 저수율 데이터를 구축하였고, 유체의 흐름에 대한 수리적 특성을 모의할 수 있는 SWMM(Storm Water Management Model) 모형을 통해 관개기 동안의 농업용수 분배 모의와 공급효율을 분석하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.5-27
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• 2023

Gagné proposed nine instructional events, gain attention of the students, inform students of the objectives, stimulate recall of prior learning, present the content, provide learning guidance, elicit performance(practice), provide feedback, assess performance, enhance retention and transfer for effective teaching & learning practice. Gagné's theory is widely applied in various subjects because it increases student participation and allows classes to be developed systematically. The purpose of this study is to develop a lesson plans for the 'library and information life' subjects in middle school using Gagné's nine instructional events theory, conduct actual instructions, and verify its effectiveness. The research procedure was conducted as follows. Development of lesson plan that using Gagné's theory to Section III (Information Analysis and Interpretation) of 'Library and Information Life' in middle school. Actual instruction were conducted and student survey, peer teacher assessment, and instructor self-assessment were conducted. Based on the evaluation results, a elements to revise and improve the lesson plan was presented.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.85-104
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• 2024

This study aims to analyze the mathematics items of the 2013-2024 elementary school teacher employment tests in order to identify the knowledge and characteristics required to teach mathematics, and discuss the future direction of improvement of the elementary school teacher employment tests. By using the revised analytical framework of TEDS-M, we found that the proportion of MCK and MPCK differed from year to year and MPCK was relatively dominant. We also observed that the items were heavily focused on particular knowledge domains, cognitive processes, and levels within MCK and MPCK, and a shortage of items desigend to asseess knowledge in the field of assessments and the ability to engage in higher-order thinking. The results from this study suggest the future direction of improvement of the elementary school teacher employment test to evaluate teacher knowledge and ability necessary in an increasingly diverse society.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 1981

In order to improve the storage stability of spray and freeze dried red ginseng extract powder packed in a bottle, the water vapor permeability of Al-foil laminate paper used for cap closure and shelf life of those products on various storage temperatures and relative humidities were investigated. The thickness of the laminate paper was $93{\pm}3\:{\mu}m$ and its physical properties were equal to standard of ASTM (B-377-66) The absorption rate of the freeze dried powder was 2-6 times greater than that of the spray dried powder at $37^{\circ}C$. Therefore it was considered that the laminate could be used for cap closures for the spray dried powder but unsuitable for the freeze dried powder. The shelf life of the spray dried powder was longer than that of the freeze-dried powder at $37^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.311-323
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• 1994

This study was conducted to observe seasonal and individual changes in semen characteristics and sperm freezability, and sperm penetration into zona-free hamster eggs in Korean native goats. Buck response and change in semen characteristics to electrical stimulations was evaluated for four seasons throughout 2 years and percentage of motile sperm and normal apical ridge acrosome was investigated after equilibration and thawing for 4 seasons with 5 bucks. Sperm penetration rate was evaluated for 4 bucks. 1. Probe insertion at depth of 7cm and repeated stimulation for 3 sec was more effective(P<0.05) in buck response and semen collection than those of other conditions. 2. Semen characteristics from electrojaculation was signficantly(P<0.005) higher in spring and fall for semen volume, in spring and summer for sperm concentration and in fall for sperm motility than those in other seasons, respectively. However, there were no differences in total sperm among seasons. 3. Buck response to electrical stimulation showed significant difference(P<0.05) among individuals in all 3 seasons except winter. Significant individual difference in semen volume was only in spring and summer, but there was no indivudual difference in sperm concentration and total sperm in all season. 4. Washing of semen before freezing treatment was greatly(P<0.05) beneficial to sperm motility after thawing, no matter whether ejaculates exhibit egg yolk coagulation or not. 5. Sperm motility after glycerol equilibration was significantly(P<0.05) low in summer semen and motility after thawing was greatly(P<0.05) higher in winter semen than in other seasons. Freezability of unwashed sperm was significantly difference among bucks, but a yearly freezability of washed sperm after chilling and thawing were no differences among bucks and percentage of normal apical ridge acrosome were not different among seasons and bucks. 6. There was no significant difference in sperm motility after thawing between egg yolk levels in summer, although 20% level gave more higher motility than 5% level. 7. In summer, 3.2% glycerol and 3-h equilibration gave greatest percentage(P<0.05) of sperm motility and normal apical ridge acrosome after thawing. 8. Sperm penetration rate into zona-free hamster eggs was not different between bucks and seasons. Overall, it is concluded that to obtain maximum sperm output and successive semen freezing by electrojaculation method, buck selection with good response in all season could be basically considered and that seasonal effect on sperm freezability was more greater than that of individual bucks.