• Journal of the KSME
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.610-619
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• 1995

지난해 우리나라 자동차 수출은 74만 대를 기록하여, 전년의 64만 대에 비해 16%의 증가율을 시현했다. 또 엔고에 힘입어 금년 1-4월 기간중 자동차 수출은 34만대로 지난해 같은 기간에 비해 56%의 괄목할 증가를 보이고 있다. 따라서 큰 이변이 없는 한 1995년 연간 자동차 수출 대수는 100만대를 넘어설 것으로 보인다. 그러나 완성차 수출의 지속적인 증가와는 반대로 자 동차부품의 무역수지는 지난해에도 13억 4,000만 달러의 대폭적인 적자를 기록했다. 이는 1993 년의 8억 5,000만 달러 적자에 비해 58%가 증가한 실적으로서, 핵심기능부품의 수입의존이 여 전히 해소되지 않은 상황에서 완성차의 수출증가가 부품 수입증가를 유발시킨데 따른 결과이다. 한편, 자동차부품의 무역적자는 대일 무역적자가 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 이는 지난해 자동차 부품의 무역적자 13억 4,000만 달러 가운데 10억 달러 이상을 대일 무역적자가 차지한 데서 알 수 있다. 이 글은 우리나라 자동차부품의 무역수지 적자가 확대되고 있는 원인을 국제경쟁력의 측면에서 살펴봄으로써 부품부문의 대일 무역적자를 중심으로 한 무역수지 개선방안을 모색해 보는 데에 목적이 있다.

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.6 no.1 s.55
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• pp.2-7
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• 2000

중국산 가금육, 포장의무화 수입허용 건의 - 농림부 축산물 위생관리 업무 검역원에 위임 - 2000년도 닭계열화사업 2개소 지원 - 회장단, 농림부에 신년인사 다녀와 - 환기 관리 I - 생산성 향상을 위한 사육환경개선 세미나 실시 - 미국 닭고기 생산증가율 높아 - 태국, EU 수출을 위한 산업체질 개선 - 일본, 유전자조작 곡물 기피 증가 - 볏짚 자리깃, 주의해서 사용해야 - 미, 공급과잉으로 곡물가 하락 전망 - 도계처리 방법에 따라 영양가 달라져 - 종란의 살모넬라 오염 방지를 위한 소독 처리

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.213-236
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• 1999

최근 우리 나라는 금융환경의 변화가 진전됨에 따라 보험산업에도 변화가 일어나기 시작했다. 이에 따라 보험산업은 지급능력 및 수익성에 관심을 갖게 되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 생명보험회사의 투자수익율이 재무제표에 나타난 요인에 의해 어떻게 결정되는가를 살펴봄으로써 수익률 결정요인을 찾는데 있다. 본 연구에서 사용한 자료는 생명보험회사 33개사 중에서 외국사를 제외한 29개사를 선택하여 수집하였다. 분석 기간은 1989년부터 1996년까지이며, 생명보험회사는 기존사, 지방사, 내국사, 합작사로 구분하였다. 분석결과, 시차별 분석에서는 결정계수가 기간이 짧을수록 높게 나타났고 예측된 부호는 잉여금, 사업비율이 반대로 나타났다. 그룹별 분석에서는 기존사, 내국사, 지방사, 합작사의 모델이 각각 유의수준 5%에서 유의하였고 결정계수는 높게 나타났다. 예측부호는 자산증가율과 사업비율, 수입보험료 증가율(기존사 제외), 부채/자본비율(기존사 제외)이 일치하지 않았다. 경영평가제도에 의한 분석에서는 결정계수가 높은 편이며, 유의수준 5%에서 유의하였다. 자본증가율은 예측된 부호와 일치하나 영향력이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 유동성 비율은 신설사(내국사, 지방사, 합작사)가 예측부호와 반대의 경우로 나타났다. 또한 총자산은 투자수익율과 규모에 의해 결정되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 모집인은 투자수익율에 유의적이나 직접적인 투자요인이 아닌 것으로 분석되었다. 기존연구와 비교해 볼 때, 한국 생명보험회사의 잉여금과 효력상실 해약율은 기존연구 모형과 예측부호가 일치하나 나머지 변수는 그룹간 다소 상이하게 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 분석 결과, 예측부호는 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 유의적인 변수는 없는 것으로 분석된다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-91
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• 1990

A major change in tariff rates was made in January 1989 in Korea. The benchmark tariff rate, which applies to about two thirds of all commodity items, was lowered to 15 percent from 20 percent. In addition, the variation in tariff rates among different types of commodities was reduced. This paper examines the economic impact of the tariff reform using a multisectoral general equilibrium model of the Korean economy which was introduced by Lee and Chang(1988), and by Lee(1988). More specifically, this paper attempts to find the changes in imports, exports, domestic production, consumption, prices, and employment in 31 different sectors of the economy induced by the reform in tariff rates. The policy simulations are made according to three different methods. First, tariff changes in industries are calculated strictly according to the change in legal tariff rates, which tend to over-estimate the size of the tariff reduction given the tariff-drawback system and tariff exemption applied to various import items. Second, tariff changes in industries are obtained by dividing the estimated tariff revenues of each industry by the estimated imports for that industry, which are often called actual tariff rates. According to the first method, the import-weighted average tariff rate is lowered from 15.2% to 10.2%, while the second method changes the average tariff rate from 6.2% to 4.2%. In the third method, the tariff-drawback system is internalized in the model. This paper reports the results of the policy simulation according to all three methods, comparing them with one another. It is argued that the second method yields the most realistic estimate of the changes in macro-economic variables, while the third method is useful in delineating the differences in impact across industries. The findings, according to the second method, show that the tariff reform induces more imports in most sectors. Garments, leather products, and wood products are those industries in which imports increase by more than 5 percent. On the other hand, imports in agricultural, mining and service sectors are least affected. Domestic production increases in all sectors except the following: leather products, non-metalic products, chemicals, paper and paper products, and wood-product industries. The increase in production and employment is largest in export industries, followed by service industries. An impact on macroeconomic variables is also simulated. The tariff reform increases nominal GNP by 0.26 percent, lowers the consumer price index by 0.49 percent, increases employment by 0.24 percent, and worsens the trade balance by 480 million US dollars, through a rise in exports of 540 million US dollars and a rise in imports of 1.02 billion US dollars.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2014

In this study, the domestic supply & demand of the raw materials of 35 rare metals was analyzed categorized as four types - ores, metals, compounds and scraps. Foreign trade volumes of the raw materials of rare metals have been steadily increased, furthermore, recently trade growth rate highly exceeds GDP. The raw materials of rare metals - silicon, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, etc. - for steel industry were the most big part of the raw materials of rare metals trade, while the raw materials of rare metals for electronics industry were imported relatively small volumes less than $100 million. However systematic supply & demand management on the raw materials of rare metals for electronics industry is needed since recently growth rate per year has been remarkably high over 20%. Import volumes were about three times bigger than export scale, and most of the raw materials of rare metals were traded as a metal form.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-287
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• 2013

This study aims to analyse whether outward foreign direct investment(FDI) by Korean manufacturers has a positive or negative effect on the nation's exports and imports. It provides a comprehensive analysis using both micro and macro approaches to overcome the limitations of the previous studies. In its micro-analysis, this study analyzed the impact of the outstanding outward FDI stock and other related factors on net export/import creation using panel data of 589 overseas affiliates of Korean manufacturers during the period of 2006 to 2011. And in the macro-analysis, the study analyzed the impact of outward FDI on exports using panel data of 23 manufacturing sectors during the period of 2000 to 2011. As a result of empirical study, contrary to the results of most previous studies, Korea's export can be negatively affected when it's manufacturing companies increase their outward FDI and localize their overseas businesses.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2009

This study investigates the difference of behavioral patterns between the import container volume of all ports and that of Gwangyang port in Korea. All series span the period January 1999 to December 2008. I first test whether the series are stationary or not. I can reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in each of the level variables and of a unit root for the residuals from the cointegration at the 5 percent significance level. I hitherto make use of variance decompositions and impulse response functions, both of which have now been widely used to examine how much movement in one variable can be explained by innovations in different variables and how rapidly these fluctuations in one variable can be transmitted to another. The variance decompositions for the import container volume show that the proportions of the forecast error variance of import container volumes explained by themselves are 30 and 26 per cent after 12 months, respectively. As a result, innovations in exchange rate and business activity explain 70 and 74 per cent of the variance in the import container volume. All in all, innovation accounting indicates that import container volumes are not exogenous with respect to exchange rate and business activity. The impulse responses indicate that container volumes decrease sharply to the shocks in exchange rate and decay very slowly to its pre-shock level, while container volumes respond positively to the shocks in the business activity and disappear very slowly, showing that the shocks last very long. Furthermore Gwangyang port is more sensitive to the change of the exchange rate and the industrial production than all ports.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.245-262
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• 2013

The transaction size between South Korea and the European Union (EU) had increased by more than two times among 2003 to 2008. With rapid growth of transaction, the EU was becoming important transaction object of South Korea gradually. EU has used the Antidumping policy as a trade protection tool against Korean products due to reduce the deficit of trade balance of payment, boost the economic growth and protect its weak industries. This paper investigates whether there is a connection between the EU's macroeconomic activity and pressures for protection to Korean products under antidumping measures with using the current data that come from the WTO, World Bank for 2004 to 2012. The result suggests that pressures for protection under Antidumping measure against exporting of Korean products to EU have increased during periods of macroeconomic weakness of low GDP growth, larger deficit of trade balance, however, has not significantly affected during periods of high unemployment.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.454-476
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• 2010

In this paper is two-step trade model introduced. It is assumed that countries have 3 basic factors- capital(K), land (Z)and population(N)-as national factor endowments. As the first step, education 'produces' 'educated labor(EL)' which embodies new knowledge or new technology by using the population and capital as inputs. As the second step, manufacturing goods is produced with EL and uneducated labor(UL), and agriculture goods with land and UL. According to this model, the higher the increase rate of capital in a country is, the lower the usage rate of land is, the lower the increase rate of discount is, the country tends to export the manufacturing goods and import the agriculture goods. Trade widens the discrepancy of increase rate of EL in both countries but reduces the gap of increase rate of relative wage of EL as far as the gap of usage rate is not so big. Trade also affect real income rather than nominal income. This model can be extended to explain the migration from rural areas to urban areas when the manufacturing sector and education organization exist in urban area while the agricultural sector exist in rural area.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.362
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• pp.17-19
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• 2007

지난 2006년은 고유가체제의 지속 및 국내경기 성장세가 저하됨에 따라 전력판매 증가율이 둔화되고 전력설비 사고가 빈발 등 많은 어려움이 있었던 한 해였다. 그러나 이러한 역경속에서도 임직원 모두가 하나 되어‘변화와 혁신’에 매진한 결과 대내외적으로 높은 성과를 인정받아 많은 수상을 받은 한 해이기도 했다. 그 대표적인 것으로 세계 전력산업계 최고의 권위를 자랑하는 에디슨상을 수상하였으며, 미국 Platts誌로부터는 아시아·태평양 최우수전력회사로 선정되는 쾌거를 이룩하였다. 또한 국내에서도 공기업 고객만족도 8년 연속 1위라는 전무후무한 기록을 달성하였으며, 공기업으로는 최초로 옴부즈만 대상을 수상하기도 하였다. 금년에도 집단에너지사업자 및 구역전기사업자 등 판매부문에서의 경쟁체제 확대와 수입 발전연료가격의 고공행진에 의한 구입전력비 상승 등 경영여건의 어려움이 예상되나 글로벌경제확산에 따라“국제경쟁력 제고만이 경쟁에서 살아남아 국가 경제발전에 이바지 할 수 있다”는 믿음으로 올 한 해에도 다음 주요사업의 차질 없는 추진을 위해 최선을 다하고자 한다.