• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.141-153
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• 1986

This study intends to document the existing cyclical fluctuations of garic and onion price at farm gate level during the period of 1966-1986 in Korea. The existing patterns of such cyclical fluctuations were estimated systematically by removing the seasonal fluctuation and irregular movement as well as secular trend from the original price through the moving average method. It was found that the cyclical fluctuations of garic and onion prices repeated six and seven times respectively during the same period, also the amplitude coefficient of cyclical fluctuations showed speed up in recent years. It was noticed that the cyclical fluctuations of price in onion was higher than that of in garic.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.353-377
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the performance state and improvement countermeasure of Primary Health care Posts(PHPs). The operation reports of PHPs(1996 330 PHPs, 1999 313 PHPs) located in Kyongsangbuk-Do and data collected by self-administered questionnaire survey of 280 community health practitioners(CHPs) were analyzed. The major results were as follows: Population per PHP in 1999 decreased in number compared with 1996. But population of the aged increased in number. The performance status of PHP in 1999 increased compared with 1996. A hundred forty one community health practitioners(50.4%) replied that the fiscal standing of PHP was good. Only 1.4% replied that the fiscal standing of PHP was difficult. For the degree of satisfaction in affairs, overall of community health practitioners felt proud. The degree of cooperation between PHP and public health institutions was high and the degree of cooperation of between PHP and private medical institutions was high. The degree of cooperation between PHP and Health Center was significantly different by age of CHP, the service period of CHP, and CHP's service period at present PHP. Over seventy percent of CHPs replied that they had cooperative relationship with operation council, village health workers, community organization. CHPs who drew up the paper on PHP's health activity plan were 96.4 % and only 11.4% of CHPs participated drawing up the report on the second community health plan. CHPs who grasped the blood pressure and smoking status of residents over 70% were 88.2%, 63.9% respectively and the grasp rate of blood pressure fur residents were significantly different according to age and educational level of CHP. CHPs received job education in addition continuous job education arid participated on research program in last 3 years were 27.5%, respectively. CHPs performed the return health program for residents in last 3years were 65.4%. Over 95% of CHPs replied that PHPs might be necessary and 53.9% of CHPs replied that the role of PHPs should be increased. CHPS indicated that major reasons of FHPs lockout were lack of understanding for PHP and administrative convenience, CHPs were officials in special government service governors intention of self-governing body. CHPs suggested number of population in health need such as the aged and patients with chronic disease, opinion of residents, population size, traffic situation and network in order as evaluation criteria for PHP and suggested results of health performance, degree of relationship with residents, results of medical examination anti treatment, ability for administration and affairs in order as evaluation criteria for CHP. CHPs replied that the important countermeasures for PHPs under standard were affairs improvement of PHPs and shifting of location to health weakness area in city. Over 50% of CHPs indicated that the most important thing for improvement of PHPs was affairs adjustment of CLIP. And CHPs suggested that health programs carried out in priority at PHP were management of diabetes mellitus and hypertention. home visiting health care, health care for the aged. The Affairs of BLIP should be adjusted to satisfy community health need and health programs such as management of diabetes mellitus and hypertention, home visiting health care, health care for the aged should be activated in order that PHPs become organization reflecting value system of primary health care.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Recently, duck meat consumption has been rapidly increased because consumers recognized duck meat for healthy food. In relation to this, Korean duck industry need to develop Korean native duck (KND) breed for both conservation perspective and self-sufficient of the breeding stocks. In this study, 24 microsatellite (MS) markers were investigated for classification of KND and commercial duck (CD) breeds in the Korean market. Using these MS markers, the calculated number of alleles (K), expected heterozygosity (He) values and polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 1~16, 0~0.865 and 0~0.841, respectively. Also, the expected probability of identical values in random individuals (PI), random sib ($PI_{sib}$) and random half-sib ($PI_{half-sib}$) were estimated as $1.64{\times}10^{-16}$, $2.60{\times}10^{-7}$ and $1.30{\times}10^{-12}$, respectively. The results indicated that the expected probabilities of identity powers were enough for the individual identification. However, KND and CD breeds were not fully discriminated well using the 24 MS markers, which may CD and KND has shared same origin or crossbred. Therefore, further studies will be ultimately needed for developing a genetically pure line of KND breed even though the DNA markers used. Finally, these results will provide useful information for individual traceability system in ducks.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.248-256
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• 2008

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 68 Listeria monocytogenes isolates, including 11 reference strains and 57 isolates from imported US beef, domestic meats(beef, pork, chicken meat), raw milk, and milk plants. L. monocytogenes was to evaluate the production of virulence proteins, such as hemolysin(LLO) and lecithinase(LCP), the adsorption of Congo red(CRA), and to detect virulence genes using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). In the study of virulence protein production, 68(100%), 62(91.2%), and 54(79.4%) of the 68 L. monocytogenes strains were positive for LLO production, the LCP test, and the CRA test, respectively, while strains of other species, such as L. innocua, L. gray, L. murrayi, and L. welshimeri, were not. There were no significant differences between L. monocytogenes serotypes and the ability to produce LLO or LCP. L. monocytogenesstrains had very high hemolytic titers(2 to 16 fold), while the other Listeria species, other than L. ivanovii and L. seeligeri, did not. The hemolysin activities of L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, and L. seeligeri usually exceeded 1.0 HU/mg, while those of other Listeria spp. were less than 0.04 HU/mg. In the PCR assay, all of the L. monocytogenes strains contained the hlyA, plcA, plcB, inlA, and inlB virulence genes and produced a product of the expected size. In the PCR of the actA gene, the expected 385-bp product was seen in 39(57.4%) L. monocytogenesstrains, while an unexpected 268-bp product was seen in 29(42.6%) strains. Most L. monocytogenes strains isolated from Hanwoo beef produced the 385-bp actA gene product, while strains of imported US beef usually produced the 268-bp actA gene product. By contrast, no virulence gene products were amplified in the other Listeria spp.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.893-899
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• 2004

Method for sample preparation and quantitative analysis of 19 permitted and non-permitted synthetic colors in foods was developed based on reversed-phase ion-pairing high performance liquid chromatography. For color extraction of samples, deionized water was added, and pH was appropriately adjusted with 1% ammonia water. Any undissolved matters were extracted with 50% ethanol or 70% methanol. Lipid in snacks was first removed using n-hexane with centrifugation, water was added to extract colors, followed by clean-up and concentration using Sep-Pak $C_{18}$ cartridge. Recovery efficiencies at known concentrations of 19 standard food colors spiked into foods were in 90.3-97.9% range far soft drink, 79.2-101.9% for candy, 84.1-103.4% for jelly, 86.4-100.8% for chewing gum, 83.5-103.4% for ice cream, and 78.5-95.6% for snack.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1977

From August 1976 to May 1977, a series of rearing experiments of eels weighing over 5 grams were carried out utilizing indoor recirculating aquariums and the results are summarized as following: 1. The eels were instantly acclimatized in the aquarium when alive Tubifex was fed as food, resulting in the food coefficient of around 5, and the daily growth rate of $2\%$ or so (Table 2). 2. When mackerel flesh was used in combination with flour dough or commercial powdered feed, the food coefficients were 4 to 5 and daily growth rates were between 1 and $2\%$ (Tables 3 and 4). 3. The eels of 12.4-14.7g in average weight which had not shown any growth when fed processed feed, grew normally when they were fed alternately with alive Tubifex and processed feed with the results of 4.3-6.0 in food coefficient and $1.4-2.3\%$ in daily growth rate (Table 5). 4. Experimental processed feed containing North Pacific which fish meal as the main ingredient showed the food coefficient of 1.31-1. 83 as dry material and this means that there is not any significant difference between this experimental feed and the control commercial eel feed, imported front Japan which showed food coefficient of 1.34 and 1.328 (Tables 6 and 7). 5. The feed cost may be reduced by about $45\%$ (based on tile domestic prices in the spring 1977) if this experimental processed feed is used instead of imported commercial feed. 6. Uneven growth is markedly significant in eels, and those which showed retarded growth gave very poor food efficiency as well as poor growth rate until they reach the size of about 30 grams. Thereafter they recovered both the normal food coefficient and growth rate. 7. Individuals which have been showing significant retarded growth may have some inherent physiological factors but this poor growth might also be, more or less, results of some external factors which are considered necessary to be investigated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.611-617
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• 2010

The current studies aim is to analyze the production cost of walnut tree cultivation and its object was targeted at walnut tree cultivating household region 163. The analysis is as follows. Our domestic walnut tree cultivating households averagely have cultivated about 0.7ha, and planting number per ha was averagely 204, and it showed that compared to the standard planting number (100), the plantation was done close planted. The most cultivar cultivated according to regions were Chungbuk region: sangchon 65.7%, Chungnam region: kwangduk 68.6%, Jeonbuk region: sangchon 98.0%, Gyeongbuk region: daeboo 61.2%. The production cost for cultivating walnuts can be classified into the followings; management cost(4436 thousand won/ha) such as manufacturing cost(292 thousand won/ha), intermediate material cost(3682 thousand won/ha), rent(103 thousand won/ha), employment cost(653 thousand won/ha) etc, and self-serviced expenses such as self-laboring cost(5,834 thousand won/ha), land security cost(490 thousand won/ha), fixed capital cost(834 thousand won/ha), circulating capital cost(234 thousand won/ha) etc. 11,820 thousand won were invested for the production cost of walnut and it made 11,586 thousand won/ha(rate of investment 72.3%) profit, and the net income was 4,196 thousand won/ha(net income rate 26.2%), showing high amount of income. The manufactured walnuts were marketed in Nong-hyup 39.8%, wholesalers 20.8%, dealers 19.8% and recently, as the amount of goods marketed directly to consumers themselves have increased, the income has reached up to 18.9%. At the basis of making most of idle soil, walnut tree's cultivated regions are fairly small, and due to the characteristics of sideline management, it has its limits in searching for production policy locally and promotion strategy of industries. Therefore, if the basic database can be established, subjected only to full-time cultivating households, then not only would the differences between the imported walnuts be reinforced, it would also be possible to transfer into the new and improved distribution system. Furthermore, through establishment of the database, it can be anticipated that it would contribute greatly in the increase of the household income.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.3 s.27
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• pp.389-397
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• 1989

To identify the problems in child rearing practice of employed mothers in urban poor area, all of 201 women with children under 6 years old living in Yun San 3 Dong, a poor area of Pusan city, were interviewed with a questionnaire by a trained interviewer from 10th April to 10th May 1989. Among 201 women, 51 women were employed and 150 women were unemployed. Of the employed mothers 78.5% got their jobs because of economical need and 31.4% of them worker for 60-69 hours per week. Their average monthly income was 100,000-190,000 Won in 33.4% and 200,000-290,000 Won in 25.4% Breast milk was fed in 66.0% of the children of unemployed mothers while 49.0 of the children of the employed mothers were breast-fed (p<0.05). The most common reason for not breast feeding was shortage of breast milk among unemployed mothers (58.9%) but that of the employed mothers was their job(63.6%). The basic immunization for children was completed in 70.5% of children of employed mothers as compared with 82.0% of the children of the unemployed mothers were completely immunized (p>0.1). Accident experience rate of children among the employed mothers was 23.5 a and that of the children of the unemployed mothers was 17.3% . The most common cause of acident in children of the unemployed mothers was carelessness while they were playing(34.6%) but in children of the employed mothers it was traffic accident(25.0%) and falling(25.0%). Most of the traffic accidents took place while the children's brother or sister of age under 14 years were baby sitting. When the accident took place 73.1% of the unemployed mothers were just at home, but 58.3% of the employed mothers were out of home for work. In case of the employed mothers, 58.7% of their children were looked after by an adult mainly grandparents, 15.7% by the children's brothers and sisters under 14 years old, and 3.9% of the children were left alone. A majority of the unemployed mothers wanted to get a job if someone could take care of their children. To facilitate the women employment and for the safety and health of the children, good nurseries for working mothers need to be established at a cost they can afford.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2011

This study was carried out to compare growth characteristics and yield of silage corn hybrids at four different regions (Hwaseong, Dangjin, Gochang and Pyeongchang). Two domestic corn hybrids, 'Kwangpyeongok' and 'Gangdaok', and two imported corn hybrids, 'P3394' and '32P75' were used in this study. Plant height and ear height ratio were not significantly different among corn hybrids. 'Kwangpyeongok' was the strongest of all corn hybrids for lodging. The others except 'Kwangpyeongok' were similar to lodging. All corn hybrids were excellent to stay-green. Incidence of southern corn leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis) was low at all corn hybrids. '32P75' was 10.1%, the most of all corn hybrids for incidence of BSDV (black streaked dwarf virus). 'Kwangpyeongok' and 'Gangdaok' were stronger than '32P75' for BSDV. Fresh yield of 'Kwangpyeongok' and 'Gangdaok' were the most of all corn hybrids as 74.85 and 76.68 ton/ha and 'P3394' was the least of all corn hybrids as 64.97 ton/ha. Dry matter yield as 18.83~21.92ton/ha and TDN yield as 12.73~14.52 ton/ha were not significantly different among corn hybrids.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.531-537
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• 2007

Small amounts of trans fatty acids exist naturally in beef and dairy foods. Also, they can be produced in the process of partial hydrogenation to manufacture shortning or margarine. They can provide a better palatability and shelf life. According to the recently studies, trans fatty acids can raise health risk such as heart diseases and coronary artery diseases. They can also increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the blood plasma, therefore increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine total lipids and trans fatty acids (TFAs) content in processed foods and meat products. The analysis of trans fatty acids was performed in 28 samples of donuts, 18 samples of bakeries, 4 samples of frozen doughs, 2 samples of popcorns, and 4 samples of meat products (ham, sausage, nuget, and bacon). Total lipids in processed foods and meat products were extracted by chloroform-Methanol method and acid digestion, respectively. They were analyzed by gas chromatography using a SP-2560 column and flame ionization detector. The amounts of TFAs per 100 g of foods were 0-3.3% (0.74% on average) in donuts, 0.2-5.8% (1.18% on average) in bakeries, 0.2-6.3% (1.93% on average) in frozen doughs, and 0-5.8% in popcorns. Meat products such as ham, sausage, and nuget analyzed 0.1% of TFAs, respectively and trans fatty acids in bacon were not detected. As a result, the distribution of TFAs in processed foods was widely ranged from O% to 6.3% according to manufacturers and types of products, whereas the content of TFAs in meat products ranged from 0% to 0.1%.