• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2008

Purpose : Intrarenal reflux(IRR) is backflow of urine from the renal pelvis into the collecting ducts. IRR is the main cause of renal injury in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) which leads to renal scars, hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic renal failure. The purpose of our study was to investigate the characteristics of intrarenal reflux. Method : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 80 patients who were diagnosed as having grades of III-V VUR from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 in the department of pediatrics in Ajou University Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of IRR on voiding cystoureterogram and compared to each other for the possible factors associated with intrarenal reflux. Results : Among 80 VUR patients, IRR(＋) group comprised 17(21.3%) patients and 27 renal units(23.2%) and revealed younger age, higher grade of VUR, and more proteinuria compared to IRR(-) group. There were no significant difference in gender, laboratory findings and the rate of resolution in VUR or defects on renal scan between two groups. Also, intrarenal reflux mostly corresponded to the same site of photon defects on DMSA scan. Conclusion : We suggest that intrarenal reflux tends to be associated with younger age, higher grade of reflux, more proteinuria with no difference in resolution rate of VUR when compared to the VUR patients without IRR. From this study, we were able to understand the characteristics of intrarenal reflux in children with urinary tract infection.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.233-241
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between ultrasonographic findings used to diagnose and assess of torticollis and a overall special assessment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants. Seventy-eight subjects with congenital muscular torticollis participated in this study. All the patients were divided into one of four clinical types according to the sternocleidomastoid muscle fibrosis noted on the ultrasonographic findings, and they were divided into one of three subgroups according to the degree of disability on the overall special assessment score of torticollis. For the ultrasonographic classifications of the 78 patients, 42(53.8%) made up the first type, 21 (26.9%) made up the second type, 7 (9.0%) made up the third type, and 8 (10.3%) made up the fourth type. Multivariate analysis of the results showed that the age at presentation was significantly different according to the ultrasonographic subtypes (p<0.01). There was significant correlation between the ultrasonographic findings and the torticollis overall assessment for patients with congenital muscular torticollis (${\phi}$=0.893, p<0.01). According to the results of this study, the use of the simple and objective torticollis overall assessment will be useful for the evaluation of torticollis in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.492-497
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• 2004

Purpose: it is very important to differentiate breast cancer from benign mass. There are many reports to evaluate the differential diagnosis under the several diagnostic tools. We evaluated the usefulness of mammography and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography in the differential diagnosis of breast mass and correlated with pathologic findings. Materials and Methods: This study included 80 patients (a8e: 24-72, mean: 48.4) who underwent mammography and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography for breast masses. Scintimammographies (anterior-posterior and lateral projections) were acquired in 10 minutes and 2 hours after intravenous injection of Tc-99m MIBI. four specialists in diagnostic radioloay and nuclear medicine evaluated the findings of breast masses under the mammography and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography, and calculated the tumor to background (T/B) ratio. The pathologic results were obtained and we statistically analyzed the correlations between pathologic results and imaging findings under the mammography and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography by chi-square and correlation test. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of mammography for detection of breast cancer were 87.5%, 56.3%, 75.0%), and 75.0% respectively. 45 cases of 80 patients were suspicious for breast cancer under the Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography. 41 cases of 45 patients were confirmed as breast cancer and the remaining 4 cases were confirmed as benign masses. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography for detection of breast cancer were 85.4%, 87.5%, 91.1%, and 80.8% respectively. The sensitivity of scintimammography was lower than that of mammography for detection of breast cancer, however the specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were higher. In the benign mass, the mean T/B ratio in 10 minutes was $1.409{\pm}0.30$, and that in 2 hours was $1.267{\pm}0.42$. The maximal T/B ratio of benign mass in 10 minutes was $1.604{\pm}0.42$, and that in 2 hours was $1.476{\pm}0.50$. In the malignant mass, the mean T/B ratio in 10 minutes was $2.220{\pm}1.07$, and that in 2 hours was $1.842{\pm}0.75$. The maximal T/B ratio of malignant mass was $2.993{\pm}1.94$, and that in 2 hours was $2.480{\pm}1.34$. And the T/B ratio under the early and delayed images were meaningful. Conclusion: The scintimammography is useful diagnostic tool to differentiate breast cancer from benign mass, although the sensitivity of mammography for detection of breast mass is high. Especially, the use of the T/B ratio is helpful to diagnose breast cancer.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-141
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• 2010

The aim of this paper is to develop a web-based Virtual Learning System for discrete mathematics learning using CAS (Computer Algebra System), The system contains a series of contents that are common between secondary und university curriculum in discrete mathematics such as sets, relations, matrices, graphs etc. We designed and developed web-based virtual learning contents contained in the proposed system based on Mathematia, webMathematica and phpMath taking advantages of rapid computation and visualization. The virtual learning system for discrete math provides movie lectures and 'practice mode' authored with phpMath in order to enhance conceptual understanding of each movie lesson. In particular, matrix learning is facilitated with conceptual diagram that provides interactive quizzes. Once the quiz results are submitted, Bayesian inference network diagnoses strong and weak parts of learning nodes for generating diagnostic reports to facilitate personalized learning. As part of formative evaluation, the overall responses were collected for future revision of the system with 10 university students.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.344-347
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• 2011

Intrachondral articulations are the synovial joints that occur within costal cartilage in artiodactyls. The anatomical structure of Korean water deer differs from that of other deer. However, there have been no reports on the occurrence and shape of intrachondral articulations in the deer. To provide information on these articulations, we examined the occurrence and shape of intrachondral articulations in the Korean water deer by gross findings, radiography, computed tomography (CT), and histological observation. These joints often occur in the second to the tenth ribs. Morphologically, they are spheroidal joints, especially from the third to the eighth ribs, and their configuration is discernable in gross findings, radiography, CT, and histological sections. These basic results would be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the lateral thoracic wall of the Korean water deer.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2001

The muscular button holing of vastus medialis is a very rare case of irreducible knee dislocations, and rapid reduction of this can diminish the complications which delayed reduction accompanies. We diagnosed a patient who appeared posterolateral dislocation of the knee and protrusion of the medial femoral condyle with MRI grossly. That was reduced by open arthrotomy, followed the reconstruction of both cruciate ligaments and repair of medial collateral ligament. Patient didn't show joint instability except minor posterior sagging and had full range of motion postoperatively after 10 months.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.565-568
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• 2017

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry mouth and neutropenia. Although it does not commonly involve the central nervous system, Sjogren's syndrome sometimes affects small vessels through microangiopathic alterations. A 34-year-old woman was hospitalized for left upper quadrantanopia and a tingling sensation in the left hemibody. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute infarction in the right posterior cerebral artery territory. In laboratory tests, antinuclear (FANA2+) and anti-DNA antibodies (anti-SS-A (Ro)) were detected. Salivary gland scintigraphy revealed moderately decreasedexcretion of saliva. Based on these findings, we concluded she had Sjogren's syndrome. As in this patient, large vessel involvement in Sjogren's syndrome is far less common. Furthermore, it is difficult to administer antiplatelet drugsto patients with thrombocytopenia in Sjogren's syndrome. This is a case of the patient with Sjogren's syndrome that involved thrombocytopenia and large vessel invasion who was treated with antiplatelet drugs and hydroxychloroquine.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.41-46
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• 2020

The start of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought about various changes in the domestic industry in general, and smart factories have spread to companies in the fields of production, manufacturing and logistics, and they are using automation equipment. Especially in the field of logistics automation, AGVs are widely used, and most of them use the line guidance system, which is the traditional AGV drive system. In addition, the demand for AGV system developers, system operators and managers, and maintenance personnel is increasing, and the installation of systems for education is expensive and requires a large space to utilize. It is a situation where systematic education is difficult. In this paper, we propose a virtual simulation-based AGV distance education model for smooth practice of trainees. The proposed model consisted of a model that can drive the AGV by analyzing video information, instead of the line guidance method that is the conventional technology. As a result of self-diagnosis evaluation, it was confirmed that the experimental group through online education had an average satisfaction level of 0.65 higher than the control group using existing equipment, and that it could be used in an online education environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.374-374
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• 2010

본 연구는 Roll-to-Roll Sputtering 장비를 사용하여 제작된 Flexible ITO electrode 필름의 방사선 검출기로의 적용가능성을 알아보기 위해 기존의 Glass ITO electrode의 전기적 특성을 비교 평가하였다. 본 연구는 Flexible ITO electrode와 Glass ITO electrode을 하부전극으로 형성하고, 최근에 X-ray 변환체로 활발히 연구되고 있는 Powder 형태의 반도체물질인 HgI2 와 PbI2를 Binder와 일정한 비율로 혼합하여 3-Rolls-Miller를 사용하여 Powder를 일정한 미세크기로 만들고, 대면적 제작이 용이한 Screen-Printing method을 이용하여 시편을 제작하였다. 제작된 필름은 하부전극의 종류에 따른 X-ray 입사 후의 전기적신호의 차이를 측정하고, HgI2와 PbI2 중 Flexible ITO electrode와 더욱 효율적으로 반응하여 기존의 Glass ITO electrode를 대체할 수 있는 전극을 발견하여 진단용 의료영상의 왜곡 현상을 제거할 수 있는 Flexible 방사선 검출기의 제작의 초석을 제공하는 연구를 목적으로 한다. SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) 통하여 반도체 물질의 결정구조와 크기를 알아보았고, 하부 전극의 종류에 따른 전기적 신호검출을 위해 제작된 필름의 암전류(Dark current) 와 민감도(Sensitivity)를 측정한 후, SNR (Signal -to- Noise)을 계산하여 평가하였다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to analyze the position of mandibular condyle on the submentovertex radiograph, thereafter to evaluate the usefulness of submentovertex radiograph in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and to check the best method of tomographic techniques. Submentovertex radiographs which were taken in 75 temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients and 75 normal persons were used as the sample for this study. The obtained results were as follows: The submentovertex radiograph was a improper method in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and discrimination of affected side. The selective tomography was a better method than any other tomographic techniques in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.