• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

The kinematic variables for swimming and fin-swimming start motions were analyzed and compared using 3-dimensional cinematography. For the swimming start, the arm segment moved towards the upper rear and trunk towards the upper front followed by a descent towards the lower front, while the fin-swimming start motion showed movement towards the lower front for all segments. The total body center of gravity for the swimming start showed horizontal movement far to the front followed by a rapid descent while the fin-swimming start showed close movement towards the lower front in a short period of time. Upon entering the water, the center of gravity for swimming showed high vertical velocities while fin swimming had high horizontal velocities. For both swimming and fin swimming, the upper extremity velocity had more influence on the total center of gravity velocity than the lower extremities. Flexion of the hip joint was observed before the jump for the fin swimming start while the swimming start showed two flexions in mid-air succeeding the jump. The flexion and extension movements at the knee joint during the fin-swimming start motion were shown to be larger and more rapid than those of fin-swimming.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.8 s.145
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• pp.1079-1091
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to point out the unification of the size of swimming headgear by measuring detailed measurement of head ferm and systematizes the head form. A total of 300 male and female Korean adults aged from 18 years old to 35 years old were measured through the direct measurement method. This study attempted to identify the head form of male and female adults using measurement data and the head form was classified through factor analysis and cluster analysis. (1) Based on the fact that this study especially focuses on the size of swimming headgear, factor analysis was performed far both direct measurements with hair and without hair. For the measurements with hair, seven factors were extracted. They were head thickness factor, head width factor, width of side head factor, height of back head factor, length of front head factor, circumference of front head factor, thickness of front head factor and head height factor. They explained the $70.95\%$ of the measurements. (2) The cluster analysis was executed to classify the somatotype of the korean head form on the basis of similarity. According to the cluster analysis result, the measurements with hair categorized types, 'Woman's long-hair type', 'Small type', 'Long and flat type', 'Large type'. (3) Head circumference B and Left tragion - Vertex - Right tragion circumference which are generally length and width in choosing swimming headgear size were selected as measurement items far size of swimming headgear. Direct measurements and sizes of four swimming headgear with different materials taking into account their elongation rate were also compared.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.363-372
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to estimate an optimal lime and nitrogen levels on the growth control of sheep sorrel in mountainous pastures of Taekwalyon areas. The dry matter yield of sheep sorrel was recongnized significantly differences between the N levels and lime levels, respectively. Most effective growth control of sheep sorrel showed an over the N levels of 21kg/10a under the ranges of lime levels of 200~300kg/10a per annum. The highest dry matter yield of sheep sorrel was obtained at the N level of 16kg/10a under the N level of 48kg/10a per annum. The highest growth control effect of sheep sorrel was obtained at 2nd and 4th cuts, and 1st, 2nd and 4th cuts under the ranges of lime levels of 200~300kg/10a, and the N level of 48kg/10a per annum, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.325-336
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• 2003

The onset time of sea breeze at Haeundae is faster than that at Suyoung in spite of the observation site at Suyoung being 5m and that of Haeundae being 1 km away from the coastline. We therefore simulate the effects of terrain on the onset time of sea breeze at Suyoung and Haeundae districts by using the LCM(Local Circulation Model). This phenomenon is due to the nighttime density flow, which is created by nighttime radiative cooling. It follows the slope of the highlands surrounding the urban area, gathers at a central area of Busan, and then flows out to a lower area like Suyoung river. This process continues after sunrise. In researching the AWS wind speed, we find an important thing. That is to say, the nighttime mean wind speed at Suyoung is three times greater than that at Haeundae. This property shows that Suyoung is an outflow channel of nighttime air mass. The above observed data shows that terrain effect has a important role on the onset of sea breeze.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change in the positive psychology movement of capital represented by the performance of physical disabilities to participate in swimming classes for 10 weeks. The study was conducted with 30 to 40-men group participation handicapped total of 21 patients (10 patients) and non-participation group (11 patients), the duration of the experiment was performed three times a week for 10 weeks, 50 minutes. Data processing is a dictionary, post-test data was calculated the mean and standard deviation, experimental design group two won repeated measures analysis of variance for (swimming participating groups, miserable Lady) and time (before and after) using the SPSS 21.0 statistical program It was performed (2-way [2] RM ANOVA), all the statistical significance level was set at .05. Study, classroom participation of the handicapped swimmer can see that has had a positive effect positive psychological capital.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.235-239
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• 2011

도시지역은 수자원 공급의 문제를 해결하기 위해서 많은 노력이 이루어지고 있으나 최근 기상 이변과 같은 문제점들로 인하여 용수 공급이 안정적이지 못한 실정이다. 기후적 영향을 적게 받는 지하수의 경우는 비교적 지속적이고 안정적인 수자원으로 많이 이용되고 있으나 이 또한 관리적인 측면의 여러 가지 문제점으로 인하여 어려움을 겪고 있다. 특히 도시지역은 지하수이용량이 많아 지하수개발에 대한 명확한 체계가 이루어지지 않으면 과잉양수로 인한 지하수위 저하로 용수부족, 지하수질 악화 등과 같은 지하수 재해를 일으킬 수 있으며 해안지역일 경우 해수침투로 인하여 그 피해가 광범위하고 장기간으로 확산될 수 있다. 따라서 지하수의 개발 및 관리를 위해서는 지하수 유동에 대한 분석이 이루어져야 효율적인 지하수 이용이 가능하다. 도시지역 지하수 유동의 경우 지하수함양과 지하수유출뿐만 아니라 지속적으로 변화하는 요소들인 지하수이용량, 상하수도 누수량, 지하철로 인한 유출량 등과 같은 도시화 요소들도 고려하여야 한다. 그러나 이러한 요소들을 명확하게 규명하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 지하수자원의 개발 이용 및 관리가 가장 절실히 필요한 곳이 도시지역이라는 점을 감안하면 지하수 유동 분석에 관한 연구는 반드시 필요하며 수문계측 기술의 향상과 관련 분야에 대한 지속적인 연구들도 함께 이루어져서 해석의 정확도가 높아져야만 원활한 수자원 공급과 효율적인 체계 관리가 가능할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 도시지역의 지하수유동특성을 살펴보기 위하여 부산광역시 수영구를 대상으로 도시화 요소를 고려한 지하수 모델링을 통하여 지하수 유동을 분석하였다. 정상상태 지하수 유동 모의를 실시한 결과 지하수위는 산지가 분포하고 있는 북서쪽으로 갈수 록 높아지고 수영강과 남해쪽으로 갈수록 낮아지며 지하수 유동도 내륙에서 수영강 및 남해로 유출되고 있는 모습을 나타내었다. 도시화 요소를 고려한 비정상상태 지하수 유동 모의 결과 수영강 및 남해에서 내륙으로 지하수가 유입되는 형태를 나타내고 있었다. 지하수위 또한 내륙으로 갈수록 낮아지는 형상을 나타내고 있었으며 대량의 양수량의 관정이 위치하는 수영로타리 일대와 광안동 지역, 지하철유출량이 많은 망미역 부근, 전력구 터널 공사로 인한 지하수 유출량이 있는 일부지역에서는 급격하게 지하수위가 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.385-397
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• 2020

This study investigated whether swimming exercises improves obesity through regulation of angiogenesis in white adipose tissue. Female mice with high-fat diets were divided into sham-operated group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX), and swim-trained ovariectomized group (OVX + Swim). Compared to the Sham, OVX increased body weight, adipose tissue mass and size of adipocyte. However, these factors (: such as body weight, adipose tissue mass and size of adipocyte) of OVX + Swim decreased compared with OVX. Compared with the Sham, OVX increased the mRNA expression of angiogenic activator and MMPs and decreased the mRNA expression of angiogenic inhibitors in white adipose tissue. But OVX + Swim decreased the mRNA expression of angiogenic activator and MMPs and increased the mRNA expression of angiogenic inhibitors in white adipose tissue, compared with the OVX. Theses results suggested that swimming exercises the angiogenesis in white adipose tissue, resulting to improve obesity in high-fat diet-fed female OVX mice.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2000

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of subacute treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(paroxetine and sertraline) on immobility in the forced swim test(FST) and on FST-induced changes in immune parameters of the mice. Methods : Authors applied a modified method of FST by Porsolt et al. Over 5 BALB/c mice were used for each group of experiments. To explore the changes in immune parameters by FST, authors investigated the production of anti-rat RBC antibody, concanavalin A(ConA)- or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated splenocytes proliferation assay and cytokine gene expression. Results : Both paroxetine and sertraline decreased the duration of immobility in a dose-related manner. FST-performed mice showed a significant decrease in mitogenic responses of splenocytes and a slight increasing tendency in anti-rat RBC antibody response. All these responses were attenuated significantly by paroxetine and attenuated nearly nominal significance level by sertraline. The cytokine profiles of ConA-stimulated splenocytes from FST-performed mice showed stronger expression of IL-4 and weaker expression of IL-2 than control mice, and no changes in the expressions of IFN-$\gamma$ and lymphotoxin. IL-6 and IL-10 were not expressed in both group of mice. The pretreatment of paroxetine and sertraline attenuated the altered cytokine expressions in FST-performed mice to some extent. Some alterations of the expressions of IL-6 and IL-10 were observed in the mice which the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors had been pretreated. Conclusion : The subacute treatment of paroxetine and sertraline attenuated the FST-induced behavioral and immune changes, and these serotonin reuptake inhibitors may exert some modulating effects on the immune system by the induction of cytokine gene expression, especially IL-6 and IL-10.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1998

Because Lysimachia mauritiana is not able to maintain the seed viablity for a long time, it has difficulties in using for the ornamental plants or landscape gardening. This study was conducted to elucidate the optimal germination conditions of Lysimachia mauritiana seeds. The germination rate of the seeds was higer in light condition than in dark one. In experment determining the proper germination temperature, the germination rates were 2.2%, 96.9% and 91.2% under 35$\circ $C, 25$\circ $C, and 20$\circ $C, respectively in light condition. The approprate temperature for the germination was 25$\circ $C in light. The decreases of germination rate with the increase of the preservation periods was able to recover by priming pretreated with NaCl solution and KNO$_{3}$ + K$_{3}$H$_{2}$PO mixed solutions. When the storage period was 300 days, the germination rate was 75% without priming treatments. But the seeds primed with NaCl 0.1M and KNO$_{3}$ + K$_{3}$H$_{2}$PO mixed solutions 0.1M, showed germination rate above 90%. T$_{50}$ also was shorten from 5.25 without priming to 3.78 with NaCl 0.1M. Seed priming may induce earlier sprouts and increase germination rate of long-preserved seeds of native wild plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 1995

The effect of garlic powder were investigated on health of stamina through mouse test. The swimming time of mouse was measured to determine the effect of garlic powder on stamina. When 2,000 and 200mg/kg of garlic were treated to mouse, swimming times were $124.8\pm61.1$ and $100.4\pm61min$, respectively. Those time were significantly longer than untreated control mouse which showed $67.1\pm15.5min$ of swimming time.