• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

This paper presents the numerical investigation for the hydraulic behavior of a fractured rock mass with a hydromechanical interaction which may be considered during the in-situ hydraulic injection test. These experiments consist in a series of flow meter injection tests for fractures existing along an open hole section installed in a borehole, and experimental results are applied for testing a numerical model developed to the analysis and prediction of such hydromechanical interactions. Field experimental results show that conductive fractures form a dynamic and interdependent network, that individual fractures cannot be adequately modeled as independent systems, that new fluid intaking zones generate when pore pressure exceeds the minimum principal stress magnitude in that borehole, and that pore pressures much larger than this minimum stress can be further supported by the circulated fractures. In this study, these characteristics are investigated numerically how to influence the morphology of the natural fracture network in a rock mass by using a discrete fracture ntework model.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.242-255
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• 2020

The numerical simulations of Heater Experiment-D (HE-D) at the Mont Terri rock laboratory in Switzerland were performed to investigate an applicability of FLAC3D to reproduce the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) behaviour in Opalinus Clay, as part of the DECOVLEX-2015 project Task B. To investigate the reliability of numerical simulations of the coupled behaviour using FLAC3D code, the simulation results were compared with the observations from the in-situ experiment, such as temperature at 16 sensors, pore pressure at 6 sensors, and strain at 22 measurement points. An anisotropic heat conduction model, fluid flow model, and transversely isotropic elastic model in FLAC3D successfully represented the coupled thermo-hydraulic behaviour in terms of evolution for temperature and pore pressure, however, performance of the models for mechanical behavior is not satisfactory compared with the measured strain.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2015

A new technique is presented to detect unstable slope behavior, based on Hotelling's T² analysis of pore pressure and water content obtained during flume tests using granitic and gneissic weathered soils. Three sets of pore pressure-water content values were simultaneously obtained during each test, and T² statistics at the 90.0% and 95.0% confidence levels were calculated based on the correlations between values. The results show that unsuccessful detection of some local failures of the flume slope depended on the sensor position. In the case of global slope failures, anomalous behavior was detected between several hundred and several thousand seconds before the event as T² statistics exceeded the confidence interval 90%. Hotelling's T² analysis provides a single control criterion because it enables correlations between diverse measured values within the same slope; the criterion also includes stepwise criteria for a forecasting and warning system based on confidence levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.196-203
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• 2007

The postbuckling behavior and failure of composite cylinders subjected to external hydrostatic pressure are investigated by a finite element method and test. A nonlinear finite element program, ACOS, is used for the postbuckling progressive failure analysis of composite cylinders. A total of 5 carbon/epoxy composite cylinders were fabricated and tested to verify the finite element results. For comparison, analyses by MSC/NASTRAN and MSC/MARC are additionally conducted. Among the softwares, the finite element program, ACOS, predicts the buckling loads the best with about 11 to 26% deviation from experimental results except for one specimen. While the finite element analysis shows global buckling modes with 4 waves in hoop direction, in the experiments the local buckling appears first and results in the final failure without global buckling.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

Side friction is often neglected in the analysis of the results of a consolidation test when the specimen has a high ratio of diameter to height. As the height of a specimen increases, however, side friction becomes important. This paper presents an investigation of the effect of side friction on consolidation test results for normally consolidated kaolinite slurry. Consolidation tests were performed to obtain settlement, pore pressure, compressibility, and hydraulic conductivity of kaolinite slurry. The compressibility relationship is corrected for side friction using a modified form of Taylor (1942) analytical solution. Numerical simulations using the CS2 piecewise-linear model are compared with settlement and excess pore pressure measurements. Experimental results show improved agreement with a modified CS2 model in which the effect of side friction is considered. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the side friction is an important factor affecting the rate of consolidation as well as the compressibility relationship for the specimen.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

This study focuses on having a temperature and water pressure effects on the change of material properties of rocks. Granite and limestone specimens from Gagok Mine were thermally treated with predetermined temperatures of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ (excepting $700^{\circ}C$ for limestone) to estimate the reduction of material properties of rocks caused by heat. Specific gravity, effective porosity, elastic wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for pre-heated specimens were measured. With increasing temperature, material properties of both rock specimens change sequentially. Significant changes of specific gravity, effective porosity and elastic wave porosity occur above $400^{\circ}C$ for granite and $300^{\circ}C$ for limestone. Changes of uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio seem to be similar to those of physical properties. GSI of 500, 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ specimens inferred by using uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus of preheated granite specimens is found to be 81, 66 and 58 each. In case of pre-heated limestone specimens of 400, 500 and $600^{\circ}C$, the corresponding GSI is 76, 71 and 65 each. 500, 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ granite specimens and 400, 500 and $600^{\circ}C$ limestone specimens were pressurized to 7.5 MPa and their effective porosity, elastic wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus were measured. The average value of material properties (mentioned above) of 500, 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ granite specimens under water pressure compared with material properties of non-pressurized pre-heated specimens exhibits the reduction of 7.6, 11.3 and 14.9%, respectively. In case of 400, 500 and $600^{\circ}C$ limestone specimens under water pressure, the average value of material properties decreases by 8.2, 13.8 and 21.9%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.363-369
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to understand the dissipation pattern of excess pore pressure after liquefaction and to estimate the variation in permeability during shaking load, which should be known for settlement predictions of the ground undergoing liquefaction. In this study, 1-g shaking table tests were carried out for 5 different kinds of sands, all of which had high liquefaction potentials. During the tests excess pore pressure at various depths, and surface settlements were measured. The measured dissipation curve of the excess pore pressure after liquefaction was linearly simulated using the solidification theory, and from the analysis of the slopes of linearly simulated curves, the correlation between dissipation velocity and the gradation characteristics was obtained. By substituting this correlation and the measured settlement to the dissipation velocity equation recommended in solidification theory, the permeability during dissipation was calculated, which was used for estimating the permeability variation during shaking load. The dissipation velocity of excess pore pressure after liquefaction had a linear correlation with the effective grain size divided by the coefficient of uniformity. The permeability during dissipation and liquefaction increased by 1.1∼2.8 times and 1.4∼5 times compared to the initial permeability of the original ground, respectively. And the amount of increase became greater as the effective grain size of the test sand increased and the coefficient of uniformity decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

During hydroproof test of composite pressure vessel, acoustic emission signal was measured and analyzed to evaluate structural integrity of composite motor case. When pressure was held for 1 min. at constant pressure from low pressure level to high pressure level, the pattern of hit rate of good composite pressure vessel is increased with higher value than that of bad composite pressure vessel. This report also presents detection possibility of burst location approximately in the range of 25∼36％ of burst pressure using energy rate. In case that it is difficult to detect burst location of composite motor case, it is possible to detect burst location, i.e. structurally weak location of composite pressure vessel with applying same pressure lower than maximum expected operating pressure(MEOP) repeatedly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3296-3301
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• 2009

The results of PCPT(Pezocone Penetration Test) are widely used for the estimation of the undrained shear strength, for which the empirical cone factors($N_{kt}$, $N_{ke}$, $N_{{\Delta}u}$) need to be obtained at each site. In this study, the cone factors were estimated, for the soils at Bookmyun area in Changwon city, using the undrained shear strengths from the unconfined and UU triaxial compression tests. The parametric studies with plastic index and pore water pressure ratio were performed as well. $N_{kt}$, $N_{ke}$ and $N_{{\Delta}u}$ were estimated in the ranges of 8~40, 7~37, and 1~26 respectively. It was observed that there is a relationship between the cone factors, specially $N_{{\Delta}u}$, and the pore pressure ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.93-105
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• 2000

일정변형률압밀사시험의 효율성 및 적용성을 구체화하기 위해 인공시료 또는 한정된 지역에서 채취한 불교란 점성토 시료가 아닌 광범위한 지역에서 채취한 불교란 점성토 시료에 대해 시험을 실시하였다. 시료채취의 대상지역은 우리나라의 서해안에서 동해안에 이르는 13개 지역이며, 29개의 불교란 자연시료를 채취하여 일정변형률압밀시험을 113회 실시하였다. 또한, 비교하기 위해 표준압밀시험도 병행하였다. 시험결과로부터 얻어진 압밀정수에 대한 공학적 특성을 고찰하였고, 회기분석을 통해 통계식을 제안하였다. 두 시험법에 의해 산출된 압밀정수를 비교 분석한 결과 수압비가 20% 이내인 범위에서는 일정변형률압밀시험의 변형률 속도가 압밀시험의 정수에 미치는 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 압축지수 및 압밀계수는 일정면형률시험의 결과 값이 표준압밀시험의 결과 값보다 크게 산출되었으나 일관성을 보였다. 또한, 선행압밀압력에 있어서는 두 시험법에 Cassagrande의 방법을 적용할 경우 서로 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구로부터 일정변형률압밀시험을 사용하여 표준압밀시험에 상용하는 상호관계식 개발의 타당성을 확인할 수 있었다.