• Title/Summary/Keyword: 수분생태

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Soil Moisture Measurement System in the Mountainous Hillslope located at Chunmichun Watershed (청미천 산지사면에서의 토양 수분 측정 시스템구축 연구)

  • Sun, Han-Na;Joo, Seung-Hyo;Kim, Sang-Hyun;Kwon, Kyu-Sang;Lee, Yeon-Kil;Lee, Jin-Won;Jung, Sung-won
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.1787-1791
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    • 2009
  • 지표수의 유출과정을 설명하는 과정에서 중요인자이며, 생태수문학의 핵심변수이자 기상모형의 중요한 입력변수인 토양수분의 공간적 시간적 특징들은 강우 및 지하수와 토양수분간의 순환 구조를 규명하는데 매우 중요하다. 가장 널리 쓰이는 토양 수분 측정 장비인 TDR 장비 매설에 앞서 대상유역 선정에 대한 여러 가지 고려사항을 검토하고 수치지형 분석 등을 통한 사전분석을 실시하였다. 대상유역을 선정하기 위해서는 대상유역의 자료획득의 용이함, 지정학적, 시스템 운영적 측면에서의 가용성, 그리고 정밀측량 및 부수적요인 등 여러 요소의 고려가 요구된다. 청미천 유역을 대상으로 약 21 개의 대상후보사면을 정밀조사 하였으며, 충청북도 음성군 수레의산 청소련 수련원내의 산지 사면을 측정대상 사면으로, 지정학적 위치, 식생분포, 지질구조 및 심도 등의 토양특성의 고려를 통해서 선정하였다. 또한 대상 사면에 흐름 발생 및 분포를 계산하기 위해서 대상사면의 지표 및 기반암 표고를 정밀 측량하였으며, 기반암 또는 풍화대까지의 깊이를 실측하여 지표면 및 지하면의 수치지형 모형을 구축하였다. 대상사면 및 지하면에 대하여 표고수치지형모형(Digital Elevation Model:DEM)으로 도식한 후 흐름 발생 공간 분포를 계산하였다. 다양한 흐름 발생 알고리즘으로 기여사면적과 지형습윤지수를 계산하였다. 분배알고리즘의 의해 도출된 지형인자들로 인한 흐름발생 공간적 분포특성을 비교하여 센서의 매설 위치를 결정하였다. 센서 매설 위치에 대한 토양시료를 채취하여 토성을 분석한 결과는 미국 농무성 기준에 의한 분류로는 사양토로, 국제토양학회의 분류기준에 따르면 양토로 분류되었다. 대상사면의 유효입력강우를 확보하기위해서 개방공간인 수레의산 청소년수련원과 대상산림의 Canopy하부에 각각 강수측정 시스템을 설치하였고 약 6개월간 성공적으로 자료를 획득하였다.

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Ecophysiological Interpretations on the Water Relations Parameters of Trees(V) -Seasonal Changes in Tissue-Water Relations on the Quercus grosseserrata and Quercus acutissima Leaves- (수목(樹木)의 수분특성(水分特性)에 관한 생리(生理)·생태학적(生態學的) 해석(解析)(V) -물참나무와 상수리나무 엽(葉)의 수분특성(水分特性)의 계절변화(季節變化)-)

  • Han, Sang Sup;Choi, Heung Seon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.72 no.1
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 1986
  • Seasonal changes of water relations parameters were obtained from p-v curves in leaves of Quercus grosseserrata and Quercus acutissima. The osmotic pressure at full hydration, ${\pi}_o$, and osmotic pressure at incipient plasmolysis, ${\pi}_p$, were high in newly emerged leaves but decreased with leaf development in each of the species. Water deficit at turgor loss was 10 to 20% in each of the species during the growing season. Maximum bulk elastic modulus in cell walls at full turgor, Emax, rises rapidly with leaf development before senescence in each of the species. Seasonal change of number of osmoles solute in symplasm per dry weight, Ns/DW, was higher in Quercus grosseserrata leaves than Quercus acutissima leaves, while relative water content (Vp/Vo, $RWC^*$, Vo/Vt) was relatively constant in each of the species.

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Revisiting Horton Index Using a Conceptual Soil Water Balance Model (개념적인 토양수분수지 모형을 이용한 Horton 지수의 재논의)

  • Choi, Daegyu;Kim, Sangdan
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.30 no.5B
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 2010
  • In this study, the variability of the Horton index which is ratio of vaporization and wetting water is investigated using a conceptual soil water balance model. From the proposed model, the steady-state soil water probabilistic density function is derived through meteorological and watershed characteristics and then the sensitivity of Horton index to the precipitation occurrence rate and the mean of wet day precipitation is examined. As a result, the inter-annual variability of the Horton index is lower than that of precipitation and they showed the strong negative correlation. It is also shown that although precipitation is not varied, the Horton index can be varied due to the fluctuation of the precipitation occurrence rate and the mean of wet day precipitation. In addition, it is presented that there is a non-linear relationship which has a critical point switching proportional or inverse relationship between the Horton index and two main characteristics of precipitation process.

Effect of Water Activity and Temperature on Growth, Germination, Sporulation, and Utilization of Carbon Source of Penicillium oxalicum (PENOX) as a Biocontrol Agent(BCA) for control of Clover(Trifolium repens L.) (토끼풀(Trifolium repens L.) 방제용 생물제제 Penicillium oxalicum (PENOX)의 발아, 생장, 포자생성 및 탄소원이용에 미치는 수분활성 및 온도의 영향)

  • Lee, Hyang-Burm;Kim, Chang-Jin
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.68-74
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    • 2000
  • Penicillium oxalicum (PENOX) has shown the potential as a biocontrol agent(5CA) for control of a weed, clover(Trifolium repens L.) in grass plots. The bioherbicidal activity may be due to germinative and growth capacities and substrate availability of the agent over a range of environmental factors. The influences of different water activities($0.94{\sim}0.995\;a_w$) and temperatures($18{\sim}30^{\circ}C$) on mycelial growth, conidial germination, sporulation oil 2% MEA(malt extract agar) adjusted to different water activities with glycerol, and carbon source utilization using BIOLOG GN MicroPlate were determined in vitro. Decreases in $a_w$ on MEA caused a reduction in mycelial growth and conidial germination depending on temperature. The mycelial growth of PENOX was greatest at $30^{\circ}C/0.995\;a_w$. At some lowered water activity($0.97\;a_w$), the growth was similar between 25 and $30^{\circ}C$, and considerably decreased at lowered temperature($20^{\circ}C$). The germination rate was also greatest at $30^{\circ}C/0.995\;a_w$. Lag phase times for PENOX at $18^{\circ}C$ on MEA were >6hrs at tile whole $a_w$ level tested, and at 18 and $25^{\circ}C$ they were >18hrs and >12hrs at $0.94\;a_w$, respectively. However, its sporulation was some better at $0.97\;a_w$ than $0.995\;a_w$ or $0.94\;a_w$, and better at $20^{\circ}C$ than $30^{\circ}C$. In contrast, the number of carbon sources(niche size) utilized by PENOX varied with $a_w$ and temperature. Under some water stress condition($0.95\;a_w$), the agent utilized smaller number of carbon sources than $0.995\;a_w$ depending on temperature. The niche size at 0.995 and $0.95\;a_w$ were highest at $25^{\circ}C$, and showed 86 and 65, respectively. At $30^{\circ}C$, the niche size at 0.995 and $0.95\;a_w$ showed 84 and 50, respectively. There was no carbon source utilized by PENOX at $0.90\;a_w$ regardless of temperature. These information of tile fungal ecophysiology will be useful for the effective development of BCA.

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Soil Properties of the Habitat of Lepista nuda (민자주방망이버섯 (Lepista nuda) 서식지의 토양인자 분석)

  • Lee, Yang-Suk;Joo, Eun-Young;Kim, Jong-Bong;Kim, Nam-Woo
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.25-29
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to analyze the soil properties of Lepista nuda habitats to form a part of the studies on the characteristics of L. nuda. The soil samples collected from seven studied areas were investigated for soil properties such as soil moisture, soil pH, and the contents of organic and inorganic matters. The content of soil moisture was 29.7% and the content of organic matter was 32.1%. Total nitrogen was 0.74% and soil pH was 4.75, which was ranged from 3.6 to 5.20. In the content of inorganic matter, the content of Fe was highest as 1,024 ppm, K 183 ppm, Mn 21.9 ppm, Ca 2.02 ppm, Zn 1.46 ppm and Mg was lowest as 0.51 ppm.

Edge Vegetation Structure in Kaya Mountain National Park (가야산 국립공원의 주연부식생구조)

  • 오구균;진태호;양민영
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.51-69
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    • 1989
  • To investigate edge vegetation structure and edge species in Kaya Mountain National Park, field survey was executed from July to August, 1989 and the result are as follows. Cantilevered and advancing types of edge vegetation were observed on site, The relative importance values of major species were changed along distance from edge to forest interior and were seemed to be affected by aspect, soil moisture and present tree layer vegetation. Especially, light-oriented species were observed as a codominant species under pine tree canopy due to selective allelopathy effect and thin canopy. Ecological indices according to the distance from edge to forest interior did not show regular pattern, but edge depth was estimated as 15-20m, approximately, Dominant species of edge seemed to be affected by soil moisture rather than altitude and aspect, but floristic similarities seemed to be affected by altitude. Frequency classes of edge species were different by aspect, altitude and physiogra-phical location. Lespedeza maximowiczii, Weigela subsessilis and Fraxinus rhynchophylla showed high frequency class in all environment conditions.

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Ecophysiological Interpretations on the Water Relations Parameters of Trees (XI) -The Comparison of Hydraulic Conductivity of Branch Junctions in Twenty-one Deciduous Broad-Leaved Species (수목(壽木)의 수분특성(水分特性)에 관한 생리(生理)·생태학적(生態學的) 해석(解析)(XI) - 낙엽(落葉) 활엽수(闊葉樹) 21종(種)의 분지부(分枝部)의 수분통도성(水分通道性) 비교(比較) -)

  • Han, Sang Sup;Kim, Sun Hee;Yi, Myong Jong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.87 no.2
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    • pp.220-229
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    • 1998
  • This study was performed to compare the characteristics of hydraulic conductivity such as relative conductivity(RC), leaf specific conductivity(LSC), Huber value(HV), specific conductivity(SC), and diameter of vessels(${\mu}m$) and number of vessels($No./mm^2$) in branch junctions of the twenty-one deciduous broad-leaved species. The hydraulic conductivities of branch junctions decreased with increasing junction angle between stem and branch, and with decreasing diameter of branch. The RC and LSC of branch junctions related to branching types(ㅏ, Y, ${\Psi}$ type) were much lower in ㅏ and ${\Psi}$ types than in Y type. The diameter and number of vessels remarkably reduced in branch junctions as compared with the stem and branch.

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Univariate Analysis of Soil Moisture Time Series for a Hillslope Located in the KoFlux Gwangneung Supersite (광릉수목원 내 산지사면에서의 토양수분 시계열 자료의 단변량 분석)

  • Son, Mi-Na;Kim, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Do-Hoon;Lee, Dong-Ho;Kim, Joon
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.88-99
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    • 2007
  • Soil moisture is one of the essential components in determining surface hydrological processes such as infiltration, surface runoff as well as meteorological, ecological and water quality responses at watershed scale. This paper discusses soil moisture transfer processes measured at hillslope scale in the Gwangneung forest catchment to understand and provide the basis of stochastic structures of soil moisture variation. Measured soil moisture series were modelled based upon the developed univariate model platform. The modeling consists of a series of procedures: pre-treatment of data, model structure investigation, selection of candidate models, parameter estimation and diagnostic checking. The spatial distribution of model is associated with topographic characteristics of the hillslope. The upslope area computed by the multiple flow direction algorithm and the local slope are found to be effective parameters to explain the distribution of the model structure. This study enables us to identify the key factors affecting the soil moisture distribution and to ultimately construct a realistic soil moisture map in a complex landscape such as the Gwangneung Supersite.

Predicting Water Movement in the Soil Profile of Corn Fields with a Computer-Based STELLA Program to Simulate Soil Water Balance (토양수분 수지계산에 의한 옥수수 포장에서의 토양수분 이동 예측)

  • Kim, Won-Il;Jung, Goo-Bok;Lee, Jong-Sik;Kim, Jin-Ho;Shin, Joung-Du;Kim, Gun-Yeob;Huck, M.G.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.222-229
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    • 2005
  • A simplified one-dimensional model STELLA was used to predict soil water movement in lllinois corn fields using soil water balance sheets. It offered the potential to increase understanding of soil nitrate and agrochemical leaching process. The model accounted for aU possible annual inputs and outputs of water from a closed ecosystem as represented by corn fields. Water inputs included precipitation, while outputs included runoff, transpiration, evaporation and drainage. To run the model required daily inputs of two climatic data measurements such as daily precipitation and pan evaporation. Vertical water flow through the soil profile was calculated with first order equation including the difference in hydraulic conductivity and matric potential at the various soil types. The output results included daily changes of water content in the soil layers and daily amount of water losses including run-off, percolation, transpiration. This model was verified using Illinois corn field data for the soil water content measured by neutron scattering methods through 1992 to 1994 growing seasons. Approximately 22 to 78% of simulated water contents agreed with the measured values and their standard deviation, depending on soil types, whereas 30 to 70% of simulated water values agreed with the measured values and their standard deviations depending on soil layers.

Nationwide Spatiotemporal Distribution of Some Selected Aculeata (Hymenoptera) in South Korea, based on Materials Collected with Malaise Trap in 2017 and 2018 (2017~2018년 말레이즈 트랩을 이용한 남한 내 야생벌(벌목: 벌아목)의 시·공간별 출현 및 분포 현황)

  • Yu, Dong Su;Kwon, Oh-Chang;Kim, Honggie;Kim, Jeong-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.654-663
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    • 2019
  • Pollinators, which are important organisms in pollination ecology, have been highly valued for their economic contributions to crop production in the agricultural and biotechnology industries. As the production of over 70% of farm products, such as fruits, are mediated by pollinators, bees are important and useful insects to humans. However, pollinators are now seriously threatened with their numbers decreasing annually and their biodiversity being negatively affected by ongoing climate change, misuse of land, change of geographical features, and use of pesticides to increase agricultural production. Thus, surveys and analyses of the emergence and distribution of wild bees are important for conservation and management practices designed to help them continue to play their ecological and agricultural roles despite negative pressures, such as climate and topography changes. We surveyed pollinators, especially wild bees, at 51 research sites in South Korea every two to four weeks for two years from 2017 to 2018 using ez-Malaise traps and analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of wild bees. The bees showed a normal temporal distribution that peaked between July and August. The bees' working period lasted until November. The spatial distribution of wild bees showed a significant correlation with latitude, and different bees were identified depending on the local habitat. No significant correlation was found for longitudinal distribution with regression analysis (p > 0.05), but this study identified locally specific wild bees. Although we could not predict significant distribution according to longitude, Further studies should be able to analyze the difference in the distribution of wild bees according to the climate, topography, and land-use patterns by humans. The results of this study provide basic information on pollinator distribution, which can be useful in agriculture and for the conservation and management of biodiversity in South Korean pollination ecology.