• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.818-823
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding various concentrations of Lycil fructus powder on the quality characteristics of Jeolpyeon. The Lycil fructus powder was added to rice powder at ratios of 3, 6, 9 and l2%(w/w). The moisture contents of the Lycil fructus Jeolpyeon samples ranged from $46.3{\sim}48.9%$. For the color values the L-value decreased and the a-value and b-values incresaed with increasing amounts of Lycil fructus powder. In the textural analysis hardness was highest for the 3% Lycil fructus powder addition, however springiness and cohesiveness did not difference significantly by the addition levels. Finally the results of the sensory evaluation showed the Jeolpyeon containing 6% added with Lycil fructus powder was superior for overall preference, color, flavor, softness, chewiness and after-taste.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2003

Korea has plentiful precipitation but rainfall events concentrate on several months of rainy season in her weather condition. Korea, therefore, experiences drought for a given period every year. Moreover the soil has usually low water holding capacity, as it is composed coarse particles originated from the granite. Response of several oaks and the Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) on water stress showed that water budget was significant factor determining vegetation distribution. In addition, dehydration level due to cold resistance mechanism of several evergreen plants during the winter season was closely related to their distribution in natural condition. Experimental result under water stress showed that the Korean red pine was very tolerant to desiccation but the seedlings showed high mortality during the dry season. The mortality tended to proportionate to soil moisture content of each site. A comparison between soil moisture content during June when it is severe dry season and moisture content of the culture soil when the pine seedlings reached the permanent wilting point due to water withheld proved that high mortality during the dry season was due to water deficit. Water potential of sample plants measured during the exposure experiment to the air pollutant showed a probability that water related factors would dominate the occurrence of visible damage and the tolerance level of sample plants. In both field survey and laboratory experiment, plants exposed to air pollution showed more rapid transpiration than those grown in the unpolluted condition. The result would due to injury of leaf surface by air pollutants. Aluminum (Al/sup 3+/) increased in the acid soil not only inhibits root growth but also leads to abnormal distribution of root system and thereby caused water stress. The water stresses due to air pollution and soil acidification showed a possibility that they play dominating roles in inducing forest decline additionally to the existing water deficit due to weather and soil conditions in Korea. Sludge, which can contribute to improve field capacity, as it is almost composed of organic matter, showed an effect ameliorating the retarded growth of plant in the acidified soil. The effect was not less than that of dolomite known in widely as such a soil ameliorator. Litter extract contributed also to mitigate the water stress due to toxic Al/sup 3+/. We prepared a model showing the potential interaction of multiple stresses, which can cause forest decline in Korea by synthesizing those results. Furthermore, we suggested restoration plans, which can mitigate such forest decline in terms of soil amelioration and vegetation restoration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.601-610
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of supplemental UV-B application to the hardening phase of container-grown Betula platyphylla seedlings. The containerized seedlings were grown in a growth chamber for four months and then treated with UV-B(UV-$B_{BE}$ $3.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ and $5.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$) radiation and water stress regime(irrigation in one week interval) for four weeks. The differences in growth and physiological responses of the seedlings before and after the treatments were analyzed. UV-B radiation and water stress reduced height growth and leaf dry mass accumulation of the seedlings. The root collar diameter growth was reduced by UV-B radiation but increased by water stress. The reduction in leaf dry weight by UV-B radiation and water stress reduced T/R ratio of the seedling. The reduction in T/R ratio was the most apparent by water stress. Chlorophyll index observed by a chlorophyll meter was the lowest in the $5.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ of UV-B radiation, and those in the $3.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ and water stress were similar. UV-B radiation and water stress reduced both water content in the seedlings and leaf water potential, and increased leaf osmatic pressure. The water content of leaves and shoots was reduced more rapidly by UV-B radiation than by water stress treatment. In conclusion, growth responses and physiological changes in water relation by supplemental UV-B radiation which was applied to the hardening phase of container-grown Betula platyphylla seedlings were similar results to the water stress treatment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.207-210
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• 2008

It is very important factors to control optimal light transmission ratio and soil moisture content in order to produce good quality of ginseng seedling. To study the effect of light transmission ratio (LTR) and soil moisture content(SMC) on growth characteristics and yield of ginseng seedling, LTR was controlled by three level such as 21.2, 24.8% and 30.3%, and SMC was plotted by four level of 11.0%, 12.5%, 15.3% and 18.9% at the greenhouse. Chlorophyll content was gradually decreased in the low LTR (21.2%), while it was distinctly decreased by the decrease of SMC in excessively high LTR (30.3%). The decrease of SMC in the high LTR increased heat injury ratio distinctly, while heat injury ratio in the low LTR was only increased when SMC was very low such as 11.0%. All of fresh root weight per Kan (3.3$m^2$), root weight per plant, and the number of usable seedling were distinctly decreased by the increase of LTR and the decrease of SMC. Excessive increase of LTR in optimal SMC (18.9%) hadn't a great effect on the decrease of root weight, while root weight in low SMC was distinctly decreased by the increase of LTR. Ratio of rusty root was distinctly increased in the condition that both of LTR and SMC were high. Ratio of rusty root in the excessively high LTR was gradually fallen off by decrease of SMC, but its ratio in low SMC didn't changed distinctly by the decrease of SMC.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different extrusion conditions on the saccharification characteristics( initial reaction velocity, reaction rate constant, yield) of extruded corn starch. Extruded corn starch-water slurries were mixed with alpha-amylase for the enzymatic saccharification. The saccharification yield of extruded corn starch was high at lower feed moisture content and higher barrel temperature. The solubility of extrudates increased with increase in the SME input which increased with increase in the feed moisture content. Starch hydrolysates having DE 63.8 was obtained after 2 hr reaction. The initial reaction velocity of the extrudate slurry with alpha-amylase was higher with decrease in the feed moisture content. The initial reaction velocity of extruded corn starch was the highest ($2.26{\times}10^{-3}mmol/mL{\cdot}min$) at 25% feed moisture content and $120^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature, 250 rpm screw speed. The pregelatinized starch was $1.83{\times}10^{-3}mmol/mL{\cdot}min$ as a control. Reaction rate constant was a similar trend to initial reaction velocity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2024

Recently, there have been attempts to claim the hair moisturizing effect for a hair care product, however there has not yet been an official evaluation method because heating temperature for hair has not been established. This study was conducted to establish a quantitative evaluation for hair water content. In order to observe the behavior of water inside hair, heat was applied to hair with various temperatures using thermogravimetric dry residue. As the heating temperature increased, the amount of moisture released from the hair increased. As a result of evaluating hair using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a unique phenomenon in which a rapid endothermic reaction occurs around 75 ℃ was observed. This phenomenon was also observed in different ethnic hair. In hair that damaged the hair cuticle barrier with oxidation and heat, this rapidly rising endothermic reaction temperature occurred at 77 ℃, which was slightly higher, and 73 ℃ was observed when this hair was applied with polar oil, conditioning polymer, or keratin protein. To determine how this reaction affects the hair surface, friction test was performed using an atomic force microscope. When heated above 75 ℃, cuticle friction increased, however when heated above 90 ℃, there was no change in hair cuticle friction. Finally, it was confirmed that around 75 ℃ is the critical temperature at which desorption of water bound to the hair occurs. It is suggested that a heating temperature of 75 ℃ is the optimal temperature for detecting and quantifying the moisture content of hair, and that approximately 10% detected at 75 ℃ can be a standard value for hair moisture content.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2004

This research was carried out to investigate the moisture evaporation and property change depenging on the composting temperature for the escalator reversing composting system. The system was supported by the Y livestock cooperative composting factory. According to the test, the composting remperature eas varied in the range of $65\~80^{\circ}C$. The water content was de-creased to $75\%$ and became about $60\%$ at the end of the phase. Total nitrogen became $0.58\%$, total phosphoric acid $1.47\%$ and potashium $0.49\%$ at the end of the phase.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.254-254
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• 2022

밭 용수관리 및 가뭄 대응을 위한 토양수분 실측자료의 품질관리가 필수적으로 수행되어야 한다. 토양수분 자료의 체계적인 유지관리를 위해 국제 토양수분 네트워크(International Soil Moisture Network; ISMN)가 설립되었고, 전세계 1,400여개 지점의 토양수분량 자료의 품질관리하고 있다. ISMN 품질관리 방식은 토양특성, 강우에 대한 반응, 토양온도, 시계열특성을 이용한다. 지표면 최상 토층에 저장되어있는 수분인 토양수분은 기후 예측, 홍수 예보, 농업가뭄평가, 수자원 관리, 온실가스 산정, 인프라 보전, 수인성 전염병 모델링 등 다양한 분야에 활용될 수 있다(Dorigo et al., 2011). 본 연구에서는 FDR(Frequency Domain Reflectometry) 기기를 이용한 토양수분 측정자료의 품질관리를 위해 ISMN에서 제시한 총6개의 단계별 품질관리 체계를 적용하였다. 단계는 1) 토양수분이 0 m3m-3보다 작은지, 2) 또는 0.6 m3m-3보다 큰지, 3) 토양수분값이 공극률보다 큰지, 4) 토양온도가 영하인지, 5) 토양수분이 강우 이벤트 없이 증가하는지, 그리고 5) 토양수분 시계열 자료에 spike 가 있는지 6) break나 plateau가 있는지를 검사하여 Quality Flag를 설정하였다. 이를 기반으로 토양수분 데이터 자동 프로그램을 개발하여 이상치를 보정하였다. 향후, ISMN의 Quality Flag (QF1-QF10)를 적용하여 모니터링 자료의 품질관리 자동 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1662-1671
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• 2007

The change in physical properties of polypropylene nonwoven fabrics used as top sheet for disposable sanitary goods was carried out using chitosan that is a type of natural polymer and has excellent human affinity by varying the molecular weight and concentration of chitosan. Low molecular weight(LMW) chitosan treated fabrics were found to be evenly coated on fabrics and had better dyeability by apparent dye uptake and its deodorization rate increased over the time. On the other hand, high molecular weight(HMW) chitosan treated fabrics showed higher add-on ratio and its dynamic water absorption rate and represented an increase in water transport rate. With chitosan treatment, its air permeability was improved. Regardless of the type of bacteria and chitosan concentration, its antibacterial activity was excellent in the case of the HMW chitosan treatment. In this regard, chitosan treatments by using a relatively high molecular weight was found as an effective way in the functional improvement of moisture properties and antibacterial activity including their most important performance in sanitary nonwoven fabrics.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1988

The predominant kernel(7mesh) of naked barleys were polished to give 65% yield. The diffusion coefficients and volume increase rates of polished naked burleys at $40^{\circ}C$ were $3{\sim}4$ and 2.2 times greater than those of naked barleys, respectively. The moisture gains of polished naked barleys were linearly related to the volume increases. The hardness of polished naked burleys during soaking was exponentially decreased.