• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1995

Objective : Patients with sleep apnea should be diagnosed with polysomnography(PSG). However, it is not easy to recommend PSG for all patients suspected with sleep apnea in practice. Therefore, we tried to develop the screening test for referral of PSG. Method : 140 patients with snoring and sleep apnea syndrome were studied by the PSG. Sleep apnea questionnaire. Zung's scale for depression. Stanford Sleepiness Scale(SSS), insomnia scale and neuropsychological test were administered. Also, blood pressure, height, weight and neck circumference were measured and some histories were taken. Correlations between respiratory disturbance index(RDI) and various parameters mentioned above and discriminant coefficients of the parameters to RDI were computed. And, we investigated sensitivities of screening tests for selection of the patients with RDI above 20. Results : Using six parameters(neck circumference, systolic blood pressure before sleep, degree of alcohol drinking, frequency of breath-holding during sleep, degree of dry mouth during sleep, sleep apnea score), the patients with RDI above 20 could be discriminated in 92.8% sensitivity. In case of more than two among six parameters(neck circumference of above 40cm, systolic blood pressure of above 125mmHg, frequent alcohol drinking, frequent breath-holding during sleep, frequent dry mouth during sleep, sleep apnea score of above 35), same patients could be discriminated in 87.6% sensitivity. And, in case of more than one among four parameters(neck circumference of above 40cm. systolic blood pressure of above 125mmHg, frequent alcohol drinking, body weight of above 80kg), discrimination sensitivity was 83.5%. Conclusions : Patients with RDI above 20 could be discriminated by above parameters with high sensitivity. Therefore, the screening test using above parameters can be applied in selection of the patients with sleep apnea for PSG in practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3523-3531
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• 2011

This study was intended to measure the quality of sleep according to the job stress contents among nurses working for an university hospital. The self-administered questionnaires were given to 482 nurses employed in an university hospital during the period from June 1st to July 31st, 2011. As a results, the quality of sleep was significantly lower in the group with higher job demand, lower job control, lower supervisor and coworker support. In correlation, the level of quality of sleep was positively correlated with job demand, but it was negatively correlated with job control, supervisor and coworker support. In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of the quality of sleep was significantly increased in higher group of job demand than in lower group. But it was significantly decreased in higher group of supervisor and coworker support. The study results may explain that the quality of sleep is independently associated with the job stress contents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.487-488
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• 2018

대학생들에서 높은 카페인과 알콜 섭취가 보고되고 있고 간호대학생의 경우 과중한 학습 뿐 아니라 임상실습을 경험하는 등 많은 스트레스로 과다섭취의 위험이 있는 집단이다. 카페인과 알콜은 수면과 밀접한 관계가 있으며 적절하지 못한 수면은 학습몰입에 방해요소 이다. M군에 소재한 4년제 대학교의 간호학과 재학생 148명을 대상으로 알코올 및 카페인 섭취량, 수면, 학습몰입에 대해 자가보고방식의 설문을 수행하였다. 통계방법으로 일반적 특성에 대해서는 평균, 백분률을 산출하였고, 각각의 변수들의 관계는 Pearson's correlation을 수행하였다. 대상자의 카페인 섭취량은 평균 $283.14{\pm}284.23$이였으며 알코올 섭취량은 평균 $339.19{\pm}620.09$이였다. 수면의 질 척도 점수 (PSQI Score)의 평균은 $5.24{\pm}3.02$이였으며 5점 초과인 대상자는 56명(37.8%), 5점 이하는 92명(62.2%)이었다. 카페인 섭취량과 수면 문제 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계 (r=.183, p=.026)였으며 7개의 항목 중 특히 총 밤 중 수면시간문제와 유의한 상관관계(r=.185, p=.025)가 나타났다. 카페인과 알코올의 과다 섭취는 수면 문제를 일으키게 되며 학습몰입에 영향을 주게 된다. 간호대학생의 경우 적정량의 카페인과 알코올 섭취를 위한 교육적 중재를 통한 신체적 뿐만이 아니라 정신적 건강 관리가 가능한 건강 전문인으로서의 양성이 필요하다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of stress and personality on sleep patterns, and further, to identify potential correlations between stress and personality characteristics. Methods: A total of 174 healthy college students were subjects for this study. Participants filled out the Daily Stress Inventory before sleep and the Modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index after sleep on three consecutive days. They also filled out the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16-PF), BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) and STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Results: Minor stresses highly correlated with subjective sleep quality and symptoms of non-restorative sleep. However, total sleep time, sleep latency, awakening frequency, and frequency of dreams were not explained by stress scores. The O (guilty feeling), C (low ego strength) and Q4 (high anxiety) factors of the 16-PF also highly correlated with symptoms of non-restorative sleep and significantly affected sleep patterns. BDI and STAI scores also correlated with the above personality factors and minor stresses. Conclusion: This study showed that minor stresses impaired the restorative effects of sleep. Personality characteristics such as low ego strength, high levels of anxiety, and feelings of guilt were vulnerable to minor stresses. Minor stress, various personality characteristics, different coping patterns, and emotional response are highly correlated with each other and affect sleep patterns.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1995

Recently, the methods that measure and analyze brain electrical activity quantitatively have been available with the rapid development of computer technology. The quantitative electroencephalography(QEEG) is a method of computer-assisted analyzing brain electrical activity. The QEEG allows for a more sensitive, precise and reproducible examination of EEG data than that can be accomplished by conventional EEG. It is possible to compare various EEG parameters each other by using QEEG. Neurometrics, a kind of the quantitative EEG. is to compare EEG characteristics of the patient with normative data to determine in what way the patient's EEG deviates from normality and to discriminate among psychiatric disorders. Nowadays, QEEG is far superior to conventional EEG in its detection of abnormality and in its usefulness in psychiatric differential diagnosis. The abnormal findings of QEEG in various psychiatric disorders are also discussed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2002

Objectives: The gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG). This is rather expensive and somewhat inconvenient, however, and consequently simpler and cheaper alternatives to NPSG have been proposed. Oximetry is appealing because of its widespread availability and ease of application. In this study, we have evaluated whether oximetry alone can be used to diagnose or screen OSAS. The diagnostic performance of an analysis algorithm using arterial oxygen saturation ($SaO_2$) base on 'dip index', mean of $SaO_2$, and CT90 (the percentage of time spent at $SaO_2$<90%) was compared with that of NPSG. Methods: Fifty-six patients referred for NPSG to the Division of Sleep Studies at Seoul National University Hospital, were randomly selected. For each patient, NPSG with oximetry was carried out. We obtained three variables from the oximetry data such as the dip index most linearly correlated with respiratory disturbance index (RDI) from NPSG, mean $SaO_2$, and CT90 with diagnosis from NPSG. In each case, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of oximetry data were calculated. Results: Thirty-nine patients out of fifty-six patients were diagnosed as OSAS with NPSG. Mean RDI was 17.5, mean $SaO_2$ was 94.9%, and mean CT90 was 5.1%. The dip index [4%-4sec] was most linearly correlated with RDI (r=0.861). With dip index [4%-4sec]${\geq}2$ as diagnostic criteria, we obtained sensitivity of 0.95, specificity of 0.71, positive predictive value of 0.88, and negative predictive value of 0.86. Using mean $SaO_2{\leq}97%$, we obtained sensitivity of 0.95, specificity of 0.41, positive predictive value of 0.79, and negative predictive value of 0.78. Using $CT90{\geq}5%$, we obtained sensitivity of 0.28, specificity of 1.00, positive predictive value of 1.00, and negative predictive value of 0.38. Conclusions: The dip index [4%-4sec] and mean $SaO_2{\leq}97%$ obtained from nocturnal oximetry data are helpful in diagnosis of OSAS. CT90${\leq}$5% can be also used in excluding OSAS.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.54-61
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• 2005

Sixty years have passed since the police system was established in Korea. So far, there have been consistent discussions on independence of police investigational rights. Political powers have mentioned its independence as one of their public commitments and specifically, it has been a big issue in respect to establishment of the current participation government. The issues involved in investigational rights were derived from the regulations as follows: 'Prosecutors shall manage investigation(No. 195. the Criminal Procedure Act) and 'The police shall be guided by prosecutors in respect to investigation'(No. 195. the Criminal Procedure Act). President No Mu-hyun proposed he would take care of the issues involved in investigational rights at an interview. This study speculates investigational right systems of countries that follow continental law system and English law system and more valid investigational right system based on the guaranty of human rights and the principle of power division to find reasonable suggestions on independence issue.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1424-1427
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• 1996

The pressure-area isotherm(${\pi}$-A isotherm) of 8A5H(4-octyl-4'-(5-Carboxyl-pentamethyleneoxy)-azobenzene) at the air/water interface were obtained. Using the Xe/Hg Xe 500w(93' model 68811), an activities of molecule at the air/water interface were certified. In addition, using a current-measuring technique, we investigated the abrupt changes of a current observed at the liquid-to-solid phase transition in a current-area (I-A) isotherm of a fatty acid monolayer at the air/water interface

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 1994

The event-related potentials are difined as the changes in voltage that occur at paticular time before, during and after something that happens in the physical world or some psychological processes. The possibilities of clinical applications of ERP are considered because the endogenous potentials such as P3 and contingent negative variation(CNV) are determined by the psychological significance of the stimulus. The P3 is a positive wave that occurs when a subject detects an informative task-relevant stimulus. The P3 amplitude and latency are affected by the various factors as subjective probabilites, stimulus meaning and information transmission. It is suggested that P3 wave is associated with the decision making, cognitive or perceptual closure, memory updating and transfer of information to consciousness etc. Although the intracerebral origin of the P3 wave is not known, the P3 may have multiple intracerebral generators. The CNV is a slow potential shift occuring during the foreperiod, between warning and response signals, in a reaction time experiment. It is related to expectancy, preparation etc. The abnormal findings of P3 wave and CNV in various psychiatric disorders are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare and estimate sleep patterns and health status of the shift and non-shift factory workers. Methods: The subjects of this study were 290 male workers in 13 companies, which manufacture automobile parts in Daegu, Korea. Survey data were collected from March 5th, 2007 to April 5th, 2007. PSQI was scored to check the quality of sleep, ESS for excessive daytime sleep disorder, ISI for insomnia, and SF-36 for health status. The data were analyzed by $X^2$ and t-test using SPSS 12.0 for windows. Results: There was a difference in quality of sleep patterns between shift and non-shift workers (p=.033). A difference in the pattern of excessive daytime sleep (P=.005) and in the degree of insomnia (p=.030) were observed between the two groups. However, there were no significant difference in health status between the two groups. Conclusion: Based on these results, shift workers are in need of careful and continuous monitoring regarding sleep disorders and we need to develop health promotion programs including sleep hygiene for shift workers.