• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated amounts of physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in older adults using an accelerometer and physical activity diary. Methods: Forty-nine older adults (male 26, female 23) participated in this study. They wore a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) for one week and wrote a physical activity diary concurrently for three days. Amounts of physical activity, sedentary behavior patterns, and percentage of meeting the World health organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines were analyzed using an accelerometer. In addition, the contents recorded in the physical activity diary were reclassified to 18 levels and the average daily times spent on each level and physical activity level (PAL) were calculated. Results: The subjects were sitting more than half of the day except for bedtime and shower time (59.2%). The numbers of prolonged ${\geq}30$, 40 minutes sedentary bouts were significantly higher in males ($3.10{\pm}1.34$, $1.78{\pm}1.09$, respectively) than in females ($2.34{\pm}1.22$, $1.32{\pm}1.07$, respectively) and the number of breaks per sedentary hour was significantly less in males ($5.74{\pm}0.89$) than in females ($6.44{\pm}0.71$). Among the activities corresponding to sedentary behavior surveyed by the physical activity diary, only the amount of time spent 'resting, speaking and watching TV' showed a significant correlation with the sedentary behavior pattern measured by the accelerometer. The persistence of sedentary behavior was interrupted primarily when low intensity activity was performed. Only 22.4% of the subjects met WHO physical activity guidelines. Conclusion: Based on these results, the physical activity guidelines for older adults should be developed that reflects the appropriate strength, including low activity level and maintenance time of moderate to vigorous physical activity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 1997

Objective：The objective of this study is to examine the clinical characteristics and behavioral comorbidity of patients with Tourette’s disorder. Method：Subjects consisted of 157 patients with Tourette’ disorder diagnosed by DSM-IIIR, who were examined and diagnosed from Jan. 1988 to May 1994 at the Tourette’s Clinic of Yonsei University Medical Center. Characteristics and behavioral comorbidity of Patients were assessed by a semi-structured interview schedule. Behavioral problems like hyperactivity, obsession-compulsion, self destructiveness, enuresis, sleep problem were assessed by global clinical impression. Results：The mean age of patients was 14.49(${\pm}7.99$) years. Patients consisted of 138 males (87.9%) and 19 females(12.1%). The sex ratio was 7：1, showing a male preponderance. The number of right-handers was 133(84.7%), and the number of non-right handers was 24(15.3%). Mean age of onset was 8.85(${\pm}4.56$) years, ranging from 2-to-16 years. More than half of the patients had their age of onset at 6-10 years. Bimodal peak in age of onset was observed；the first peak was around 6 and the second peak was around 10 years. There was no sex difference in bimodal age of onset. The most common initial symptom was eye blinking. More than 55% of patients reported eye blinking as their first symptom. The second common initial symptom was head turning and the third was vocal tic. The most common symptoms that patients reported on their first visit since onset were eye blinking(82.2%), head turning or nodding(57.9%), shoulder shrugging(52.7%) and forearm movement(32.6%). Of 157 cases, 101(64.3%) patients showed downward progression of symptoms, and 25(15.9%) showed upward progression of symptoms. Nineteen fathers(12%) of patients had a past history of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Seventeen fathers(10.6%) had a history of tic disorder. SSevenmothers(4.5%) had OCD, 4 mothers (2.5%) had tic disorder. One hundred and eighteen patients(75.1%) had comorbid hyperactivity, 95 patients(60.5%) had obsession, 55 patiens(35.0%) had self destructiveness, 46 patients(29.3%) had impulsivity, and 35 patients(22.3%) had enuresis. Age of onset had a significant positive correlation with age, duration, and the global severity of obsession；and a negative correlation with the severity of hyperactivity. Hyperactivity had a significant positive correlation with impulsivity, obsession-compulsion, enuresis, and self destructiveness. Obsession-compulsion had a significant positive correlation with hyperactivity, sleep problems, and self destructiveness. Conclusion：These data suggest that clinical characteristcs and behavioral comorbidity of patients with Tourette’ disorder in this study are similar to previous research findings in Korea and other contries. The younger the age of onset was, the more severe hyperactivity was, and the less severe obsession-compulsion was. And severity of hyperactivity had a positive correlation with the severity of obsession-compulsion, impulsivity, enuresis, and self destructiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.1335-1343
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• 2013

Parents in South Korea are known for their high level of educational zeal for their children. As a result, their children usually take extra classes in institutions as well as participate in other extracurricular activities such as sports and music. The purpose of this study was to examine the lifestyle and dietary behaviors of Korean elementary students involved in such activities. The total number of subjects was 550 fourth to sixth graders in elementary schools in Sejong, Korea. Of the total subjects, 88.0% were involved in extracurricular classes or other activities for an average of 7.34 hours/week. The subjects were assigned to one of four groups based on the degree of extracurricular activities: No extra-class (n=66), Low extra-class (1${\leq}$taking time<5 hours/week, n=118), Medium extra-class (5${\leq}$taking time<10 hours/week, n=184), and High extra-class (taking time${\geq}$10 hours/week, n=182). More subjects in the High extra-class group went to bed late (P<0.01), were under stress (P<0.01), and skipped breakfast, compared with those in the other groups. The ratio of students who answered 'I go to an institute without a meal' (P<0.01), 'I prepare a meal for myself' (P=0.053), or 'I eat out before going to an institute' (P<0.01) was higher in the High extra-class group than in the Low extra-class group. The frequency of eating fast food was higher in the High extra-class group, compared with the other groups. These results indicate that a high amount of extracurricular studies may have a negative effect on the children's lifestyles and dietary behaviors. Therefore, this study alerts parents to the potential harm of excessive extracurricular activities to their children's health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3824-3831
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate what baseline characteristic is most related with body image satisfaction and identify which items are the lowest score on body image and their related behaviors in female emergency medical technicians(EMTs). Female EMTs(n=96) working in the G provence completed a battery of questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that body image satisfaction was significantly associated with physical activity(p=.007, 95%CI: 2.937~19.180) in female EMTs. Subjects were most satisfied with their sex(male or female)(M=3.34, SD=0.72) and they were most dissatisfied with sleep(M=2.61, SD=0.85). The skin protective behavior showed significant difference according to skin concerns(p<.05).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1998

A 12-year-old girl with a 6 year history of childhood-onset schizophrenia required 2 hospitalizations and long-term clozapine trial due to inadequate responses to combinations of typical neuroleptics and traditional treatments of schizophrenic disorder. On admission, she had continuous auditory and visual hallucinations, persecutory delusion, emotional instability, regression of behaviors including temper tantrums as well as specific developmental delays in learning, language, and motor coordination. The clozapine trial significantly reduced most of the positive symptoms, and facilitated in successful discharge from the hospital. During the 4 year clozapine treatment, no significant adverse reactions were noted, and she returned to a structured school setting with minimal degrees of schizophrenic symptoms. From this clinical experience, we suggest that clozapine might be safe and effective in treating treatment-refractory schizophrenic children.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.215-229
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• 2013

This study compared and examined the dietary behavior and food frequency of 100 female workers in their 20s who work night and day shifts at take-out coffee shops and 100 female office workers. The results of the study can be summarized as the following. The experimental group showed lower rates of income, tenure of office, sleeping hours, and frequency of exercise(p<0.001), and higher rates of gastric and intestinal illnesses, weight fluctuates, and smoking(p<0.001) than the control group. More than 83% of the experimental group(p<0.001) answered that they eat alone(p<0.001). The experimental group showed lower rates of regularity of meal and balanced diet(p<0.001), and higher rates of overeating(p<0.01), skipping breakfast and eating late-at-night(p<0.001) than the control group. The experimental group consumed less frequently rice, meat, fish, egg, bean, kimchi, vegetables and fruit(p<0.001), and more frequently noodles, bread, cereal, seaweed, milk, coffee and alcohol(p<0.001) than the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

It is difficult to think of any behavioral process that is more intrinsically important to human beings than social attachment. Feeding, sleeping and locomotion are all necessary for survival, but humans are 'a social animal' and it is our social attachment that we live for. One of the early pioneers in this area, Harry Harlow, described the different behavioral processes that are involved in the formation of parent-infant, filial and pair(male-female) bonds. Each of these involves multi-sensory processing and complex motor responses. Over the past decades, studies in a range of vertebrates, including humans, have begun to address the neural basis of attachment at a molecular, cellular and systemic level. This review describes some of important insights from these works, involving three different areas：1) Neurobiological research of infant-parent, parent-infant attachment, 2) Animal studies regarding attachment, 3) Neurobehavioral studies of maltreatment/deprivation causing serious breakdown of attachment relationship in humans.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 1998

Object：The purpose of this study was to investigate that infection with group $A[{\beta}]$ hemolytic streptococcus may associate the mechanisms that cause or exacerbate the tic symptoms in some cases of Tourette's disorder Method：Fourteen cases with abrupt worsening of tics participated in this study：10 males,4 females. The subjects were divided into two groups composing of the group with increasing level of ASO titer and the group with normal level of ASO titer. The subjects were administered Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS). Result：The global severity scores and overall TS impairment rating scores of YGTSS in the group with increasing level of ASO titer were more higher than in the group with normal level of ASO titer Conclusion：These results suggest that increasing level of ASO titer, resulting from group $A[{\beta}]$ hemolytic streptococcal infection has affected worsening the tic symptoms in Touette's disorder.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.102-111
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of life and it's related factors in caregivers of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. Methods : The subjects were 38 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients' caregivers(mean age : $37.5{\pm}6.5$, 38 women). Patients were diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR ADHD criteria. Korean version of WHOQOL-BREF(World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument Abbreviated Version) was used for assessment. Results : 1) No significant differences were found in the score of WHOQOL-BREF, overall QOL, physical health domain, psychological domain, social relationships domain and environmental domain between caregiver and control group. 2) The score of Activity of daily living facet$(3.0{\pm}0.7\;vs.\;3.6{\pm}0.7)(p=0.008)$ and self-esteem facet $(2.8{\pm}0.7\;vs.\;3.3{\pm}0.7)(p=0.049)$ were significantly decreased in caregivers of ADHD. 3) Total score of WHOQOL-BREF(r=0.437, p=0.007) and physical health domain(r=0.370, p=0.024) were correlated with caregiver's educational age. 4) In the psychological domain, the score of self-esteem facet(r=-0.337, p=0.039) and thinking, learning, memory & concentration facet(r=-.341, p=0.036) were decreased with caregiver's age. 5) The score of environmental domain were significantly increased with caregiver's educational age (r=0.482, p=0.003), but decreased with patient's age(r=0.328, p=0.044). Conclusion : Although the quality of life in caregivers of ADHD patient had not significantly decreased than control, the quality of lift were positively correlated with educational age of caregives, and negatively correlated with chronological age of caregivers and children. Above results suggest that physicians should consider integrated approaches for caregiver's subjective quality of life in the management of ADHD.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine relationship of preschool child and mother interaction, child's health status, health-related quality of life and social development. Also, it was intended to provide a basis for development of mother-child interaction programs. Methods: The present study was a descriptive research. Participants in this study were a convenience sample of 230 preschool children and their mothers. For the final analysis 209 questionnaires were used after eliminating questionnaires with incomplete responses. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The mean score for interaction between preschool child and mother was $3.96{\pm}0.55$ out of 5 points, for child health status, $3.75{\pm}0.62$ out of 5 points, for child's health-related quality of life, $83.89{\pm}10.20$ out of 100 points and for child's social development, $19.66{\pm}3.57$ out of 24 points. Positive correlations were found between interaction of preschool child and mother, child's health status, health-related quality of life, and social development. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the importance of the quality of the relationship between mother, the child's primary caregiver, and her child for the healthy growth and development of preschool children. It is suggested that intervention programs for preschool child-mother interaction should be developed using evidence based data.