• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 2018

Companies' efforts to secure and sustain a competitive advantage in the market may also appear in the form of new product development. This has increased the importance of leveraging knowledge from other companies in a global competition that is accelerating with an accelerating product life cycle and the development of transportation and communications. In order to create valuable knowledge through the exchange and combination of knowledge, the absorptive capacity of the recipient of the knowledge should be considered as important, but also the knowledge protection tendency, which is characteristic of the knowledge transferor, should be considered. However, studies that considered these factors at the same time were very limited. This study examines the effect of suppliers 'absorptive capacity and buyer' s knowledge protection on new product development performance during the joint development of new products. In addition, we investigated the interaction effect between supplier's absorption capacity and buyer's knowledge protection tendency. For this purpose, data were collected for automobile industry, electronics industry and defense industry, where joint development of new products occurred frequently, and statistical verification was performed by regression analysis. The results showed that the absorptive capacity of the supplier was positively correlated with the performance of the new product development, and the buyer 's knowledge protection tendency had a negative relationship with the new product development performance. In addition, the absorptive capacity of the supplier and the buyer 's knowledge protection tendency have an interaction effect on the new product development result. These results suggest that suppliers' absorption capacity is an important factor in the joint development of new products, but suppliers with superior absorption capacity may have a negative impact on new product development performance if buyers have a negative attitude toward knowledge transfer.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.107-126
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• 2016

The parties in International Sale of Goods including Korean Firms Should note ; The buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract and CISG. The obligations mentioned in Article 53 are primary obligations which are to be fulfilled in the normal performance of the contract. The buyer has to take delivery at the respective place within a reasonable period after this communication since he cannot be required to take delivery immediately. Refusing to take delivery in case of delay not constituting a ground for avoiding the contract makes no sense, since this would lead to even later delivery. The buyer's obligation to pay the price includes taking such steps and complying with such formalities as may be required under the contract or any laws and regulations to enable payment to be made. International sales contracts frequently prescribe that the buyer has to act in advance, that is before the seller starts the process of delivery. Such acts may be either advance payments or the procurement of securities for payment as letters of credit guarantees. On the other hand, The seller deliver the goods hand over any documents relating to them and transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and CISG. The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract. Except where the parties have agreed otherwise, the goods do not conform with the contract unless they are fit for the purposes for which goods of the same description would ordinarily be used are fit for any particular purpose expressly or impliedly made known to the seller at the time of the conclusion of the contract, except where the circumstances show that the buyer did not rely, or that it was unreasonable for him to rely, on the seller's skill and judgement. The buyer may declare the contract avoided if the failure by the seller to perform any of his obligations under the contract or CISG amounts to a fundamental breach of contract. The seller may declare the contract avoided if the failure by the buyer to perform any of his obligations under the contract or CISG amounts to a fundamental breach of contract.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 1998

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization analyses were carried out to identify clones of silk worm thorn (Cudraria tricuspidata) and Rose of sharon (Hibiscus syriacus) which look like one tree with two ar three, branches or two or three different trees. For PCR five different PCR primers $(17{\sim}24\;nucleotides)$ are derived from CaMV 35S promoter, nopaline synthase terminator and coding region of thylakoid membrane protein gene. In the case of silk worm thorn, about 500 bp of PCR product was produced from DNAs of one tree or branch in the presence of 35S primer alone. Southern hybridization analysis of genomic DNAs hybridized with $^{32}P$ labeled PCR product showed that the same size of DNA fragments were hybridized with different intensities. In addition, PCR analyses using 20 different primers of OPERON 10-mer kits showed that only OPA01 primer produced PCR products of different size. These results indicate that two different trees of silk worm thorn combined to one tree. In the case of the Rose of Sharon, the same size of PCR products were produced from three different samples but Southern hybridization with the above PCR product as a probe did not show any hybridized bands. PCR analyses in the presence of OPERON 10-mers showed OPA04 and OPA13 produced different products including same sizes of products. These, results indicate that three different trees of the Rose of Sharon seem to be derived from the tree.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.447-470
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine how the cultural aspects of the publication of literary collections have been changed from its time throughout the entire Joseon Dynasty. At the royal court in the early Joseon Dynasty, the need for publication of the literary collections has consistently arisen to preserve writings of the noted sages, and the Joseon government was also taking the lead and promoting the publication of the literary collections. From the 16th to the early 18th century, the publication was intensively made at the local governments led by local governors. From the 17th to the early to middle of the 18th century, the finances of local governments were limited with the changed taxation system, and there had been a dramatic decrease in the number of literary publication projects. On the other hand, with the sudden increase of the number of Seowons during the reign of King Sukjong, the focus of the literary publication was moved to Seowon from the 18th to the 19th century. After the enforcement of the Seowon Abolition Decree, the collections were still published at Seowons, however from the end of 19th century, the publication of literary collections had been explosively made by aristocrats who did not belong to the institution of Seowon or could not receive Seowon's support, which spreaded over the entire Yangban culture.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.206-214
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• 2011

Fifteen clones of poplars, 2 clones of willows, and yellow poplar were used to evaluate the effects of 5 treatments such as SCBLF (slurry composting and biofiltration liquid fertilizer), general slurry liquid fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, groundwater, and control (no treatment) on vitality, growth performance, and biomass production. Five cuttings for each tree species were planted in 3 replications. After planting cuttings, a coppice was induced by cutting off stems at 10cm above the ground. Data were collected for first growing season and trees were harvested at the end of October. Maximum mortality rate i.e. 96% was recorded in the cuttings treated with groundwater and minimum 92% with control (no treatment). In all tree species, sprouting of stump was not differ significantly among the treatments. Total nitrogen concentrations of leaves and stump sprouts were higher in the treatment of SCBLF than the control, 26.6% and 22.9%, respectively. Biomass production was highest in the stumps treated with chemical fertilizer, $1.98Mg\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$, and lowest in control ($1.34Mg\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$).

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.213-230
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• 2016

In O2O environment(Online-to-Offline), providers attract new customers via web sites and lead them to pay online, then induce them again to offline when receiving products. Thus, online and offline channel is integrated and create synergy for marketing in O2O context. As online and offline channel coexist in O2O, consumers' perceptions for products and services that providers offer cannot help being different compared to an independent channel (i.e., either online or offline). Therefore, this research aims to develop the O2O service quality model(O2O-SQ model). Especially, O2O is the unique environment where offline, online, and mobile commerce are integrated so that the current paper suggests the $1^{st}$ O2O-SQ model by integrating the common factors of offline, online, and mobile service quality model through the previous literature review. Hence, this study conducts FGI(Focus Group Interview) for customers who have experienced in purchasing products in O2O commerce. Among integrated common service quality factors of $1^{st}$ O2O-SQ model, the current paper identifies the specific service quality factors that customers perceive significantly through FGI analysis. Moreover, after extracting the unique O2O-SQ factors with this qualitative analysis and integrating with the $1^{st}$ O2O-SQ model, the paper develops the final O2O-SQ model.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.874-882
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• 2002

Currently, deep beams are designed according to ACT 318-99 equations derived from experimental data for slender beams with normal-strength concrete. In addition, there is relatively limited information on high-strength concrete deep beams with shear reinforcement. The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the shear behavior of high-strength concrete deep beams and to grasp the conservatism of ACI shear design provisions. Experimental results on the shear behavior of 22 deep beams under two equal symmetrically placed point loads are reported. compressive strength of concrete cylinder was 800kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, and main variables were vertical and horizontal shear reinforcement and shear span-to-overall depth ratio (а/h). Test results showed that for high-strength concrete deep beams with shear span-to-overall depth ratio exceeding 0.75, the vertical shear reinforcement more effectively resisted the shear load than horizontal shear reinforcement. In high-strength concrete deep beams, ACI shear design provisions tended to underestimate the effect of strut-tie action and vertical shear reinforcement and overestimate the ones of horizontal shear reinforcement. Based on the experimental results of high-strength concrete deep beams and shear friction theory, this study modified the equations on the shear capacity specified by the ACI provisions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2012

Engaged number in the construction industry is 45 percentage level against to manufacturing industry. And Induction -factor of Production is much the same to mfg. field, Value added Induction-factor is more higher than manufacturing industry, therefore we research again about workers' inferior working & personal life condition in our society in order to they feel happiness their life with pride for the job construction occupation. So construction companies & government will be contribute to strengthen their phase & to achieve more higher level of construction working culture for elevate competitive power. We have to prepare the basis to turn to the qualitative construction businesses by break away from only the amount of work volume in company with the system of workers' self-conceit on the ground of professional education/training, qualification system, social insurance benefits, working condition improvement, stable job. Our nations does not feel well-being senses, only 25 class level in the 30 countries of OECD. We draw the questions at issue with slough off old customs in order to qualitative improvement for profession & self-contentment of construction workers, and present the useful plan to contribute to international competitiveness with our construction firms in the globalize construction field under Government's & company's policy.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2020

In this study, parallel work-learning training, which was started in 2013 as a pre-employment promotion policy, is an important factor that determines the success or failure of training. As a time when various institutional supplementation is needed to encourage company participation, this study is to identify the factors of participation of companies participating in work-learning parallel. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted of companies participating in parallel work-learning in Chungnam, and the results were analyzed using the structural equation model. As a result of the study, the reason for the company's participation in parallel work-learning was firstly, 84% of government subsidy received education and training expenses. Second, 66% of workers were able to pay less than regular workers, and thirdly, it was easy to hire new employees in the field. 26%, 17% of them were invited by acquaintances for no particular reason. Therefore, the study suggests that participation in the work-learning parallel training contributes to the management costs, management of employee turnover, and human resource development. In future research, it is necessary to subdivide tests and estimates by conducting studies on regions, occupations, gender, wages, and years of service in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.855-862
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to analyze vegetation types and stand structures of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in Kangwon southern region for stable and sustainable forest management. The pine forests in study sites were classified into 4 communities, 2 groups, so total 6 vegetation units. Species with high constance degree were Quercus mongolica, Rhus trichocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Quercus serrata, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Aster scaber and Fraxinus sieboldiana. In the importance value(I.V.) analysis of each layer, P. densiflora showed highly in tree layer while in other layers competitive broad-leaved species such as Quercus spp. were high. P. densiflora also showed large size of DBH, while broad-leaved species distributed middle and small DBH. The annual ring growths of P. densiflora and competitive broadleaved species were variable according to area, site condition, tree year and species, it is considered that appropriate silvicultual practice methods should be employed to remove rival broad-leaved species for maintenance of sustainable red pine forests considering the characteristics of each stand.