• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-89
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• 2014

This paper uses patent data of OECD countries in order to investigate if there is converging tendency in renewable energy area. We used the concepts of sigma convergence and beta convergence to measure the convergence. GINI coefficient, HH index are also borrowed from other area of economics. The results show that technology level does not seem to have been converging in this area. Even though the number of patent in relatively less advanced countries has been increased a lot, we could find no evidence that there is the tendency that the gap among the countries have been narrowed. This is quite different from the results of IT industry or other industry since we could find the converging tendency in the data of those industries. Instead, it seems that there is the convergence club among most advance countries in renewable energy area.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.567-584
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• 2017

This study investigated formats and structure of meanings for the TV talk shows with North Korean defectors. The authors selected of Channel A and of TV Chosun as research subjects. As results of this study, it was found that the former dealt with heavy issues about North Korea, expressed positive perspectives on North Korea and fantasic expectations about South Korea, and produced superior dicourse of South Korea. On the other hand, the latter one dealt with light and sensational items about North Korea, employed dialogues about critics and disappointments on South Korea, and produced problematic discourse about South Korea. The former produced a kind of converged discourse structure to create superior ideology of South Korea, while the latter produced a kind of dichotomous discourse structure to create frustrating ideology. In short, through this study, it turned out that North Korean defectors suffered from their confused identities, unclear self identities, and minority positions in the South Korean society.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.529-541
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• 2015

Collaborative learning of collective intelligence-based model is also ideal in higher education did not yet consensus still in the theoretical level. To become collective intelligence-based collaborative learning is to mobilize the competence of the various members should be promoted as much as possible with their own services designed to actively participate in and contribute to the goals of the joint. Is still based collaborative learning model of collective intelligence, which does the actual model is not developed in education is a key program in creative fusion judge called talent. The evolution of the main features of the house just in shaping the content of a modern lecture geureohagi need to check from time to time to see and pay attention. As part of this study, attempts were associated with the tvN planning and attention to trying connector Executive Lecture show "Creative Club 199" content. Well oriented intention to converge the needs of the times, but it is even more compelling naeeotda implement the collective intelligence based on 'how' the reality is that together with the participants.