• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1860-1864
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• 2006

본 연구는 강우시 발생되는 강우유출수와 합류식하수관거월류수에 의해 하천으로 유입되는 오염부하를 저감시키기 위한 공법으로, 고수부지 및 제방사면부와 둔치부를 형상화하여 pilot를 제작하였고, 연속적으로 시운전을 한 SRTS(Stormwater Runoff Treatment System)에 관한 것이다. SRT system 내부의 사면수처리부와 평면수처리부에는 다공성 콘크리트를 충진하였다. system 상부에는 식생을 조성하여 뿌리가 수면에 닿아 영양물질을 흡수하는 목적으로 사면수처리부와 평면수처리부에 각각 정육각형과 직사각형인 식생포트를 탈.부착이 가능하도록 고안하였다. 내부에서는 토양과 수처리조 사이에 연결관을 부착하였고, 모세관현상에 의해 토양이 수분을 흡수하도록 구성하였다. pilot plant는 유입부, 사면 수처리부, 평면 수처리부, 유출부로 나누었다. 유입부는 유입펌프와 V-notch로 구성하였고, 유입펌프는 2대를 설치하여 1시간 간격으로 연속적 유입으로 유량조절이 가능하도록 상호교대 운전을 하였다. 평면 수처리부$(W(1.0m){\times}(L(2.4m){\times}H(0.6m))$는 장방형의 접촉산화조로서 하부에 슬러지 침전 및 저류를 위한 hopper를 설치하여 슬러지의 원활한 수집 및 인발이 가능하도록 하였다. 유출부는 사각weir를 설치하였다. 강우유출수의 pH는 $7.27{\sim}7.92$이고, DO농도는 $7.12{\sim}7.88mg/l$로 관측되었다. 2차처리수의 pH는 평균7.4이고 DO농도는 최저 4.5 mg/l에서 최고 8.9 mg/l로 평균 6.8 mg/l로 관측되었다. 또한 강우유출수의 유입수의 T-N, T-P 농도는 각각 $17.5{\sim}22.5mg/l,\;8.9{\sim}11.4mg/l$의 범위이고, 2차 처리수의 유입수의 T-N, T-P 농도와 유사하였다.적인 방법론을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.첨두홍수량을 저류하기 위해서 상대적으로 넓은 저류면적이 필요한 것으로 나타난다. 대등한 수위감소값의 홍수저감효과를 발휘하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 On-Line 저류지 면적은 Off-Line 저류지에 비 두배 이상이 필요한 것으로 보여졌다.들에 관한 정보는 종종 현장관측에서 조차 무시되는 경우가 많다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수질모형의 매개변수 중 특히 수리특성에 관련된 매개변수들이 수질에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 적용된 수질모형은 QualKo를 사용하였으며, 대상 하천은 낙동강 본류 경남구간 시점 부근인 회천 합류 전부터 낙동강 본류 경남구간 종점 부근인 밀양강 합류 전까지의 경남 오염총량관리 기본계획 시 구축된 모형 매개변수를 바탕으로 분석을 수행하였다. 일차오차분석을 이용하여 수리매개변수와 수질매개변수의 수질항목별 상대적 기여도를 파악해 본 결과, 수리매개변수는 DO, BOD, 유기질소, 유기인 모든 항목에 일정 정도의 상대적 기여도를 가지고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이로부터 수질 모형의 적용 시 수리 매개변수 또한 수질 매개변수의 추정 시와 같이 보다 세심한 주의를 기울여 추정할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략은 존재하므로 이러한 전략을 개발 및 활용할 수 있으며, 특히, 한국주식시장에 적합한 거래전략은 반전거래전략이고, 이 전략의 유용성은 투자자가 설정한 투자기간보다 더욱 긴 분석기간의 주식가격정보에 의하여 최대한 발휘될 수 있음을 확인하

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2008

Objective of this study was to access the environmental impacts of the use of discharge water from municipal waste water treatment plant as alternative irrigation resources during drought season for rice cultivation. For the field experiments, it was observed that plant growth and yield characteristics at 20 days of alternative irrigation period with application of FAST (fertilizer application based on soil test) 50% were relatively the same as the control. For the surface water quality, it appeared that $EC_i$ (electrical conductivity of irrigation water) and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) values of DMWT (discharge waters from municipal wastewater treatment plant) irrigation were twofold higher than those of ground water irrigation as the control regardless of fertilization levels. For the irrigation periods, there were not significantly difference between 10 and 20 days of treatments, but $EC_i$ and SAR values of surface water were highest at 30 days of irrigation periods at initial rice growing stages. Generally, $EC_i$ values of percolation water in all the treatments were gradually increasing until 30days after irrigation, and then decreasing to harvest stage. Overall, it might be considered that there was possibility to irrigate DMWT with application of FAST 50% for 20 days of drought periods at rice transplanting season. Furthermore, efficiency rate of alternative irrigation water for 20 days of drought period was 32.7% relative to the total annual irrigation water for rice cultivation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.761-772
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine the optimum coagulant dosing amount for effective treatment of raw water. The removal rate of turbidity and the variations of water qualities according to various dosage of coagulants such as Alum, PAC and PACS were investigated. The optimum coagulant dosing amount to make the lowest turbidity of water were 35mg/ι t of Alum, 30mg/ι of PAC and 10mg/ι of PACS in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity, and 30mg/ι of Alum, 25mg/ι of PAC and 10mg/ι of PACS in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. The removal rates of turbidity at 4 min. and 8 min. of settling time were 10 and 72% of Alum, 44 and 62% of PAC and 25 and 55% of PACS in case of 5 NTU, and 52 and 70% of Alum, 90 and 95% of PAC and 10 and 28% of PACS in case of 10 NTU, respectively. Judging from the settling capability of floc., the reaction time of floe. formation and removal efficiency of turbidity, PAC was evaluated as more effective coagulant than Alum and PACS. Also PAC was regarded as the most effective coagulant when the water supply was changed sharply and the fluctuation of the surface loading occured with wide and sharp in settling basin. pH and alkalinity of the water were decreased with increasing coagulants dosage. But pH and alkalinity were not decreased below 5.8 which is the standard for drinking water quality, and 10mg/ι which is the limit concentration of floc. breakage, respectively. Residual Al of the treated water was decreased with increasing coagulants dosage in case of 5 and 10NTU of raw water turbidity. $KMnO_4$ consumption of the water was decreased with increasing coagulants dosage. The reduction rate of $KMnO_4$ consumption at the optimum coagulants dosage were 39% of Alum. 18% of PAC and 11% of PACS in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity, and 42% of Alum, 27% of PAC and 36% of PACS in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. Any relationship was not found between the removal rate of turbidity and KMnO$_4$ consumption. TOC of the water was a bit decreased with increasing coagulants dosage up to 30mg/ι but not changed above 30mg/ι of coagulants dosage. The degree of TOC reduction was increased in the order of Alum, PAC and PACS treatment. Zeta potential of the colloidal floe. at the optimum coagulants dosage was in the range of -20~-15mV in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity and 0~0.5mV in case of 10 NTU of that. respectively. Although the kinds and dosages of coagulants were different, zeta potential range were fixed under the conditions of the best coagulation efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1978

Field experiments were conducted on the cropping system soybean-barley-soybean to investigate the effect of phosphorus and wollastonite application, effective application methods of phosphrus, and their residual effect in a typical Jeju island volcanic ash soil when the fertilizers were applied to the first crop of the three crops sequence. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Response of phosphorus was higher for barley than for soybean. The maximum application rate of phosphate was extimated to be 10-20kg/l0a for cultivation of soybean first crop) and 100kg/l0a for barley (second crop). Barley yield under 100kg/l0a of phosphate was double as compared to the no phosphate plot. 2. With application of 100kg/10a phosphate at the sowing time of soybean, the available phosphate in the soil after harvesting of soybean was increased to 175ppm but decreased to 60 ppm by cultivation of barley (second crop.) On the other hand, the phosphate absorption coefficient was 1,146mg/100g after soybean harvest but increased to 1,764mg/100g after barley harvest. 3. High residual effect was found in the plot to which phosphate applied with compost in the sowing band. 4. Response to wollastonite under heavy application of phosphate was high and residual effect was also great. 5. Response of soybean to wollastonite was higher than that of barley. Application of wollastonite increased the yield of all three crops soybean (first crop) by 30%, barley (second crop) by 12% and soybean (third) by 20%, respectively. Highest yield was obtained from the 1,000kg/10a wollastonite treatment for soybean and 500kg/l0a for barley.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.992-997
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• 2012

This study was conducted to get the basic information for absorb enhancement of accumulated soil nutrients in plastic film house. The grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) was sowing in plastic film house which soil nutrient accumulated moderately and was cutting at major growth period of sorghum. We were analyzed the regrowth pattern, biomass due to cutting time and amount of plant nutrient of grain sorghum. The obtained results were as follows. The heading date after cutting of sorghum in plastic film house was came to about 35 days. The accumulated of plant height were the longest as 379.4 cm in cutting at milk stage. The total biomass of sorghum in cutting at heading stage was 1.73 ton $10a^{-1}$ in cutting at heading stage. The high grain yields were produced with non-cutting and cutting at 10 leaves stage as 75~113 kg $10a^{-1}$ but the lowest grain yields were the cutting plots at booting stage as below 24 kg $10a^{-1}$. The content of nutrient in sorghum plant was low as progress of growth. The concentrations in aboveground sorghum due to plant parts was in order to leaves > panicle > stalk. The nitrogen content of sorghum was 0.6~0.7% in stalk, 1.5~1.6% in panicle and 1.8~2.3% in leaves. The amount of nutrient absorbed in sorghum was 4.2 kg $10a^{-1}$ in nitrogen, 1.7 kg $10a^{-1}$ phosphorus and 7.7 kg $10a^{-1}$ in potassium and the absorbing different by cutting time in order to booting > non-cutting > panicle formation ${\geq}$ milk ripe > 10 leaves stage.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2013

Coal ash can be added to agricultural soils to increase the chemical properties of soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient availability of - B, Ca, Mo etc-. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of fly ash as a soil amendment in paddy soils. Selected fly ash was mixed with bentonite and calcium hydroxide at the ratio of 80:15:5 (w/w) and manufactured as a pellet type at the size of 10 mm. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fly ash fertilizer on the soil quality and crop growth compare to the control (no fertilizer) and, - traditional fertilizer. Results showed that soil pH and organic matter in paddy soils after applying the manufactured fly ash fertilizer were not increased compared to the other two treatments. However, the concentration of available phosphate and silicate in paddy soils were higher than those of the control and traditional fertilization. With regard to crop growth, no significant difference was observed between three different treatments. However, the content of protein in the rice grain cultivated with the fly ash fertilizer was higher than in the rice cultivated by other two treatments. Overall, fly ash fertilizer could increase the concentration of available silicate and phosphate in the paddy soil and improve the rice quality. In conclusion, fly ash can be utilized in agricultural soils as soil amendment, especially in the rice paddy soil.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.209-221
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of climate change on the nonpoint source pollution in a small watershed using a mid-range model. The study area is a basin in a rural area that covers 384 ha with a composition of 50% forest and 19% paddy. The hydrologic and water quality data were monitored from 1996 to 2004, and the feasibility of the GWLF (Generalized Watershed Loading function) model was examined in the agricultural small watershed using the data obtained from the study area. As one of the studies on climate change, KEI (Korea Environment Institute) has presented the monthly variation ratio of rainfall in Korea based on the climate change scenario for rainfall and temperature. These values and observed daily rainfall data of forty-one years from 1964 to 2004 in Suwon were used to generate daily weather data using the stochastic weather generator model (WGEN). Stream runoff was calibrated by the data of $1996{\sim}1999$ and was verified in $2002{\sim}2004$. The results were determination coeff, ($R^2$) of $0.70{\sim}0.91$ and root mean square error (RMSE) of $2.11{\sim}5.71$. Water quality simulation for SS, TN and TP showed $R^2$ values of 0.58, 0.47 and 0.62, respectively, The results for the impact of climate change on nonpoint source pollution show that if the factors of watershed are maintained as in the present circumstances, pollutant TN loads and TP would be expected to increase remarkably for the rainy season in the next fifty years.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2020

The study was initiated to reduce production cost and environmental pollution with the evaluation of nutrient requirement of 'Nero' black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and optimum amount of oil cake application. 100% of a recommended amount (RA) of oil cake was designated as a 100-RA, with 0-RA, 25-RA, 50-RA, and 75-RA for 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% RA, respectively. The oil cake was scattered around the black chokeberry at every year for two years from 2018 to 2019, with investigation conducted for the second year. Soil mineral nutrient concentrations were not significantly different among the treatments. Dry weight (DW) of root and leaves was low for 0-RA-treated black chokeberry, with no significant difference observed for the all treatments for the DW of stems. 75-RA increased the fruit DW of 615 g and yield efficiency of 45.3%. Top:root ratio was the highest of 4.7 for 75-RA. Increased amount of oil cake application expanded the tree volume. Tree volume had a strong positive relationship with the root DW (r²=0.977). Mineral nutrient uptake in the root was the highest on the 25-RA-treated black chokeberry, except for Fe uptake. Mineral nutrient uptake in the leaves were similar to all the black chokeberries, except for T-N and Fe uptake. 75-RA increased mineral nutrient uptake in the fruit, except for Cu, in particular, 7.45 g in fruit N, which was the highest level compared to those of the other organs. T-N and P uptake were evenly distributed in the leaves, stems, and fruit, with high K uptake for leaves and fruit. 75-RA maximized to 17.2 g of the total nutrient uptake in a black chokeberry, with 4.9 g for the 0-RA. All mineral nutrient uptake were overall higher on the black chokeberry treated with 50-RA, 75-RA, and 100-RA compared to those of 0-RA and 25-RA.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2006

Pot experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2001 to compare the different methods of available phosphorus (P) for estimation of biomass and P uptake by tomato and cucumber grown on different soils (25 soils for tomato and 8 soils for cucumber cultivation) collected from plastic film house of Chungbuk area. Supplementary experiment was conducted to estimate the relationship among several extraction methods of available P such as P adsorption, water extractable-P, Lancaster-P, Olsen-P, Bray No 1 and No 2-P, and Mehlich 1 and 3-P for a total of 71 soils that included 33 soils collected for tomato and cucumber cultivation and 38 soils taken from other sites of plastic film house. All the extraction methods of available phosphorus except P adsorption were mutually positive correlated with r ranging from 0.81 to 0.96 while the correlation coefficient between P adsorption and other methods ranged from -0.57 to -0.80. Phosphorus uptake by tomato plant applied with no fertilizer was significantly correlated with the available P extracted by different methods except P adsorption in all the experiments showing positive correlation coefficients from 0.49 to 0.76 in April, 1999, 0.53 to 0.71 in April, 2000, and 0.59 to 0.68 in October, 2000. Consequently relative amount of P uptake by tomato plant for all the experiments also significantly correlated with available P in soils showing correlation coefficients of r=0.64~0.73 (P<0.0000001) in the order of Mehlich 1-P > Mehlich 3-P > Lancaster-P. For tomato, critical concentrations of available P in soils estimated by Cate and Nelson split method were $1700mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Mehlich 3-P, $1,050mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Mehlich 1-P, and $95mg\;kg^{-1}$ for water extractable P. Also P uptake by cucumber plant was significantly correlated with Olsen-P, water extractable P, and Bray No 2-P with r value of 0.62, 0.59, and 0.51, respectively, in soils of no fertilization.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2005

Resveratrol is naturally occurring phytoalexin compounds produced by grape berries, peanuts, and their products in response to stress such as fungal infection, heavy metal ions or UV irradiation. The objective of this study was to develope a reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of trans-resveratrol in mulberry fruit. Samples were extracted in 80% MeOH and filtered with $0.45{\mu}m$ syringe filter. The transresveratrol was separated Waters $C_{18}$ column, using a mobile phase containing 0.025% trifluroacetic acid in 5% acetonitril and 0.035% trifluroacetic acid in 50% acetonitril, detected by photodiode array detector (PDA) at 254 nm and the flow rate was 1ml/min. Under this analytical condition, the mean content of mulberry fruits (fifty varieties) was $777.3{\pm}585.9ppm$. Among the tested samples, 'Mansaengbaekpinosang (II)' was the highest level in 3450.6 ppm. However four accessions including 'Gukbu', 'Sabangso (I)', 'Simseol' and yield mulberry fruit were not able to detected. Eight suitable varieties selected for the production of fruit were 'Jeolgokchosaeng (Chungbuk)' 777.8 ppm, 'Dangsang 7' 771.1 ppm, 'Jangsosang' 133.9 ppm, 'Susungppong' 31.1 ppm, 'Suwonnosang' 639.7 ppm, 'Palcheongsipyung' 1475.9 ppm, 'Kangsun' 864.0 ppm, and 'Jukcheonchosaeng' 1458.5 ppm. 'Daesungppong' which was the first authorized variety for the production of mulberry fruit was 1236.7 ppm. In conclusion, these results suggest that mulberry including fruit and leaf may a good new resource for resveratrol production.