• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 1997

To cope with the mass-production and supply of plug seedling, the supply of transplanters is necessary. In the study, a transplanting test was carried out to find the optimum working condition in the mechanizd transplantation and to acquire the basic data for the improvement of transplanters by the research and analysis of working capacity of the local manual transplanters. The size of hopper affected transplanting stand and rate. Re-irrigation was required for the transplanted seedlings because they wilt 1 day after the transplanting if soil compaction is incomplete. Consequently, back-forth-left-right compaction method was good for soil covering and compaction. It may be thought to increase the amount of irrigation water at the time of transplanting by double-irrigation mechanism, but it needs to increase the larger water tank which makes the operation uneasy. So, assuming the working model by 1 or 2 operators with the machine size as small as possible, it seemed that eliminating of automatic irrigation method was desirable in view of efficiency. Though semiautomatic transplanter needs some structural improvements, it seemed still suitable for transplanting of plug seedlings such as 45-day red pepper seedlings in 128-hole tray and 25-day Chinese cabbage seedling in 128-hole tray. If traveling speed of the transplanter is limited to less than 14 m/min, with the transplanting depth of 2~3cm and transplanting space of 30cm.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.270-274
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• 2014

In previous studies, we selected the green LED(light emitting diodes) for suitable wavelength of the light by higher commercial yields and lower ratio of the abnormal fruit body in Lentinula edodes. In this study, we aimed to select efficient irradiation intensity of the green LED. Stronger irradiation intensity of the green LED resulted in more polyphenol content of fruit body. And Polyphenol content of fluorescent lamp was similar to that of the green LED $20umol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$.. Ergosterol content of the green LED $5umol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ was showed higher 2.1 times than that of the fluorescent lamp. In four level of irradiation intensity, 5, 10, 15, $20umol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ there was no big difference in characteristics of the fruit body. However the yield of fruit body in the green LED $5umol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ is higher than the others. In addition, The amount of electricity used of the green LED $5umol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ was reduced 15.9% than that of the fluorescent lamp. In conclusion, we selected $5umol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ for suitable irradiation intensity in Lentinula edodes with sawdust substrate cultivation.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.201-223
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• 2015

Existing research on international standardization has largely taken a qualitative approach focusing on comparative studies of national institutions and policies on standards or international rivalries from the perspectives of international relations or innovation studies. While there exists a handful of quantitative studies, they are mostly confined to simple numeric counts of essential patents, new work item proposals, or secretaries staffing international standards development organizations (SDOs). This study aims to contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of international standardization by the analysis of the data coding systematically national activities in the standardization process of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), by far the largest international SDO. Our analysis of the four critical types of standardization documents generated in the Working Group 7 of the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 reveals interesting dynamics among key players of global ICT standards regime. First, while the US takes a dominant share of the personnel as well as new work item proposals for standardization, its quality of activities rather falls behind as it mostly focuses on keeping in check other countries' standardization activities. Second, European countries tend to spread their effort evenly across different types of standardization activities. Finally, despite such differences between the US and European countries, both rely heavily on multinational companies to gain an advantage in the voting stage of standardization process.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2005

The effects of $CO_2$ enrichment on growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were examined. The plants were grown in growth chambers with a 12-h photoperiod and a day/night temperature of $28/21^{\circ}C$ of the seedling stage and $30/23^{\circ}C$ after the panicle initiation stage. The plants were exposed to two elevated $CO_2$ of 500, 700 ppm and ambient levels (350 ppm). At early growth stage of three varieties (IIpumbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo), the elevated $CO_2$ increased plant height, tiller, leaf area and dry weight. The photosynthetic rate was decreased at 24 days after treatment (DAT) compared to 11 DAT. The elevated $CO_2$ increased plant height and dry weight at panicle initiation stage (PIS) and heading stage (HS) of three varieties (IIpumbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo). The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration rate were decreased at the long days of treatment than that of short days. At entire stages, the elevated $CO_2$ increased the water use efficiency of rice plant because evapotranspiration rate was lowered at the elevated $CO_2$ than ambient levels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.2059-2065
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to improve coagulation efficiency by pre-treatment of high pH water using sulfuric acid. The common reason of pH increasing at down stream of Nakdong river is water blooming. The pH go above 9.0 during water blooming periods. The higher pH water demands more coagulant and pre-chlorine dosage than lower pH water for better coagulation condition. The DOC, THMFP, UV-254 after coagulation with the same coagulant dosage by pre-treatment from pH 9.2 down to 8.1 with sulfuric acid are 1.84mg/L, $51{\mu}g/L$ and $0.032cm^{-1}$, by pretreatment of chlorine are 2.09mg/L, $78{\mu}g/L$ and $0.030cm^{-1}$, by pre-treatment of sulfuric acid and chlorine are 2.14mg/L, $72{\mu}g/L$ and $0.031cm^{-1}$ respectively. Pretreatment with sulfuric acid can improve water quality and reduce coagulant demand.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2006

Tomatoes were experimented in perlite bags for various irrigation control methods to elucidate the efficient method for nutrient solution management. The irrigation control methods were for 3 different types such as control by drainage level sensor (PROBE), control by integrated solar radiation (ISR), and control by time clock (Timer). The substrate weight was maintained stably in the proper range in PROBE treatment, regardless of daily solar radiations or growth stages. The bed weights in the treatments of ISR and Timer were changed largely. Growth as well as total yield was the highest in PROBE treatment. There was no difference in soluble solids (Brix %) among the treatments. Consequently, ISR control could be useful only with appropriate timer control and also calibration. Control by drainage level sensor was suggested to be the most satisfactory as irrigation management method.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.17
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• pp.45-52
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial inoculation on sewage sludge composting. The number and species of microorganisms in sewage sludge sampled on February were higher than those sampled on August. The composting of sewage sludge is inhibited by the polyacrylamide cation, which was used as a coagulant and known to repress the growth of microorganisms. The growth of all microorganisms was inhibited by the addition of the polyacrylamide cation at a concentration of more than 0.8%. The species and viable counts of microorganisms were observed to increase during composting sewage sludge by inoculation of the effective microorganisms and addition of the pine tree sawdust as a bulking agent, compared with those without inoculation. A variety of organisms in compost(sewage sludge plus sawdust) were observed after composting for 30 days, such as Fragilaria sp., Proales sp., Vorticella sp., Schizothrix sp., Anabaena sp., Zoothaminium sp., Epstylis sp., Arcella sp., Balantidium sp., Actinophrys sp., Synedra sp., Euglypha sp., Ulothrix sp., Anacystis sp., and Clostium sp.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the tendency of the research on the traditional scenery architecture based on the old literature for the last 10 years and to suggest direction of the research on the traditional scenery through utilization of the old literature. For the tendency analysis of the research on the traditional scenery, I investigated and analyzed researches published in the Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture between 2002 and 2012, and reviewed the utilization of the old literature about research on the traditional scenery. The number of the research papers through the old literature was two or three a year by 2009, but has increased to more than eight from 2010. The utilization tendency of the old literature was mostly to use the Korean translations or to use a collection of an individual's works after partially translating. As some of the researches were carried out only through translations even when they used the original, historical evidence on the translation of the original was insufficient. I can suggest the direction of the research on the traditional scenery by the results as follows: it is necessary to present both translation and the original and to specify the source of translation, for the efficient understanding and verification of the original. Professional translation of landscape architecture and scenery also seems to be necessary for the records of the current state. For the analysis of the old literature, as the analysis of the traditional scenery both through poetry and records facilitates assumption of the location of landscape by the abundant data, it seems to be necessary to approach research, using poetry and prose complementarily, after preparing foundation of research based on the records.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2016

Urban areas generate large amounts of stormwater and non-point source (NPS) pollutants during rainfall events. These are caused by various land use runoffs, vehicular and human activities and increased impervious cover. The increased runoff and NPS pollutants cause water quality deterioration in the receiving waters and adversely affect the aqua-ecosystem. These environmental impacts could be reduced through the application of low impact development (LID) techniques. In Korea, more than 80% of the total rainfall occurs in summer and most of these were 10 mm or less. Therefore, if the LIDs developed were able to cope with rainfall of 10 mm and below, NPS management could be efficiently conducted. This research was performed to determine the effect of varying amounts of rainfall on the performance capability of an established infiltration and filtration facility (IF facility) that can be applied to Korea's common rainfall ranges. The IF facility area was 1.75% of the catchment area, however the facility treated more than 40% and 60% runoff volume and pollutant reduction respectively for a 10 mm rainfall. Lastly, higher volume and pollutant reduction could be attained when the LID area was at least 2% of the entire catchment.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.433-444
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• 2008

In recent, the integrated water resources management should consider not only existing management objects such as water supply, power generation, and instream flows but also new management objects such as water quantity, water quality, and water habitats which management system is large and complex. Moreover, integrated basin plan or operation are needed for solving conflicts problems between basins and between water usages and to maximize water resources usages. To increase use of optimization method for actual operation and apply various objects, a reservoir operation rule was developed and the KModSim's hydrologic states for integrated water resources management were tested in this study. The simulation results show that the developed operation rules applied in hydrologic states good represent the actual storages of both the Yongdam and the Daecheong Reservoirs so, it is possible to improve the water allocation method usually used in the basin management and manage the integrated basin water resources if new operating rules are applied in optimized programming.