• Title/Summary/Keyword: 수량감소율

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Evaluating Cultivation Environment and Rice Productivity under Different Types of Agrivoltaics (유형이 다른 영농형 태양광발전시설 하부 재배 환경 및 벼 생산성 평가)

  • Ban, Ho-Young;Jeong, Jae-Hyeok;Hwang, Woon-Ha;Lee, Hyeon-Seok;Yang, Seo-Yeong;Choi, Myoung-Goo;Lee, Chung-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.258-267
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    • 2020
  • The agrivoltaic can produce electricity and grow crops on fields at the same time. It is necessary to analyze the cultivation environment and evaluate the crop productivity under agrivoltaic because the shading point changes according to structure of agrivoltaic and sun's position. Two types of "fixing" and "tracing" agrivoltaic were installed, and a rice cultivation experiment was conducted in the fields under each agrivoltaic and without shading (control). "Hyunpoombyeo" was transplanted on June 7, 2019, and grown with fertilization of 9.0-4.5-5.7 kg/10a (N-P-K). Fifteen weather stations were installed under each agrivoltaic to measure solar radiation and temperature, and yield and yield-related elements were investigated by points. The accumulated solar radiation during the rice growing season in fixing was no much difference between points, and that in tracing was much difference between points. However, the average solar radiations of two agrivoltaics were similar. The mean temperature, yield, and yield-related elements showed a significant difference for the shading rate, and decreased with increasing the shading rate except ripening grain rate and 1000 grain weight of fixing agrivoltaic. In the relationship between shading rate and yield, fixing and tracing were fitted to a logistic equation and a simple linear equation, respectively, and showed a high correlation (tracing: R2 = 0.62, fixing: R2 = 0.73). The shading rate variation by point for two types was large despite similar yield variation. Thus, it needs to be more closely examined the relationship of the shading rate for a specific period rather than the shading rate during the whole growing season.

Influences of Water-logging Period at Different Growth Stages on Agronomic Characters in Sesame (참깨 생육기별 침수기간이 주요형질에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Hyoung-Koog;Kim, Yong-Jae;Guh, Ja-Ock;Hwang, Jong-Kyu;Kim, Hak-Jin
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.224-232
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    • 1990
  • This study was conducted to find out the improvement of water-logging injury which is an important factor of yield loss in sesame. Water-logging was treated at 10, 25, 40, 55 and 70 days after emergence for 24, 48 and 72 hours in sesame variety 'Ansanggae'. Some important agronomic characters were investigated after treatment. The important agronomic characters such as plant height, leaf area, dry matter weight, capsule setting stem length, number of capsules per plant, ripenning rate and 1,000 grain weight were most susceptible at 55 days after emergence by the water-logging treatment, and the longer period of water-logging, the more susceptible. Allmost of the useful agronomic characters were able to get over injury of water-logging only within 25days after emergence, but could not get it over since 40days. Grain yield was decreased due to the water-logging treatment by 69 to 86% in 55 days after emergence that is most susceptible stage for water-logging as compared with the untreated control which is 13g per pot, and the longer period of water-logging induced the lower yield. Oil content of grain showed significant decrease only in 55 days after emergence but the composition of fatty acid did not influenced by the water-logging.

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Effect of Chicken Manure Compost Application on the Growth of Vegetables and Nutrients Utilization in Upland Soil (계분퇴비 시용이 채소류 생육과 양분이용율에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jong-Gu;Lee, Kyeong-Bo;Lee, Deog-Bae;Lee, Sang-Bok;Kim, Seong-Jo
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 1998
  • To evaluate the effect of chicken manure compost(CMC) application on nutrient utilization and reduction of N fertilizer application for vegetables such of cabbage, reddish, and eggplant, four different application rates of CMC such as 0, 10, 30. $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were amended with three different rates of chemical fertilizer of 0, 15, $300kg\;ha^{-1}$. The efficiency of nutrient utilization on CMC were in the order of N, P, K. For each respective nutrient utilization by cabbage, reddish, and eggplant, N were 29%, 20%, 14%; P were 10%,<1%, and <1% ; K were 5%, 22%, 32%. The greater application of CMC, the less the efficiency, while the efficiency of P was increased with increasing application of CMC. The highest efficiency of nutrient utilization was found in $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The amounts of reduction of N fertilizer application in soils amended with $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of CMC with respect to maintain the normal production of each vegetables observed in this experiment were as follows: $25kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $15kg\;ha^{-1}$ less, and $13kg\;ha^{-1}$ more than the recommended rate for cabbage, eggplant, and reddish, respectively. For elution of available of N by the application of CMC, there was a gradual increase up to 30 day, then gradually decreased. However, there was increase of N eluted in the application of $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$. For soil chemical properties, pH, T-N, OM, and $P_2O_5$ were increased with increased application of CMC, as well as did cations such as K, Ca, and Mg. Yield and glucose of cabbage was significantly increased at the application of $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ CMC, but content of nitrate in eggplant and raddish was highly increased with increasing application of N fertilizer and CMC. By the way, the yields of cabbage, reddish, and eggplant were slightly decreased with CMC application greater than $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$.

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Midsummer Drainage Effects on Rice Growth and Golden Apple Snails in Environment-friendly Rice Cultivation (왕우렁이를 이용한 벼 친환경재배포장에서 벼와 왕우렁이 생장에 대한 중간낙수 효과)

  • Hwang, Ki-Cheol;Ahn, Seok-Hyun;Chung, Nam-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.403-411
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    • 2013
  • This study was performed to examine whether it is possible to promote rice growth by midsummer drainage without damage of golden apple snails in environment-friendly rice farming. The effect of drainage on the life of snails was examined in a greenhouse before the filed experiment. Spats (young shells) of snails survived 100% at 12 days after drainage, and 93.3% at 15 days after drainage. The midsized shells survived 100% at 9 days, 93.3% at 12 days, and 86.6% at 15 days after drainage. In the field experiment, 10-days drainage did not affect the snail population and there was no significant difference of weeding activity of snails between the midsummer drainage treatment and the continuous submerged treatment. The plant height and the effective tiller number in the midsummer drainage treatment were higher than those of the continuous submerged treatment. The rice yield of midsummer drainage plot was 511kg/10a, which was 66kg/10a higher than 445kg/10a of continuous submerged plot. In conclusion, midsummer drainage could increase rice growth and yield without damage of golden apple snails in the environment-friendly rice farming.

Effects of C-MH on Yield and Pure Seed Ratio in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) (개화유제제 C-MH 처리가 땅콩수량과 정입율에 미치는 영향)

  • 오윤섭;정영근;김종태;박기훈;이강세
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.609-614
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    • 1997
  • C-MH(Choline salt of maleic hydrazide, 39%) has been applied on peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) plant in 1994∼1995 on three different times of 24 days after flowering (DAF), 28 DAF and 31 DAF and on three different levels of 0.2, 0.1. 0.067%, respectively. Main stem length was noticeably retarded by 38∼44% compared to that of non-treatment. Branch numbers were not changed by C-MH treatments. Ratio of flowering inhibition was 38% in 0.2% concentration and 22% in 0.067% at 28 days after flowering treatment compared to that of control. Ratio of pure seed was slightly enhanced by 3% in 28 DAF treatments. Yield productivity was increased by 7% in 0.1%, at 28 DAF treatment compared to that of non-treatment (3.2MT /ha).

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Impacts of Climate Change on Rice Production and Adaptation Method in Korea as Evaluated by Simulation Study (생육모의 연구에 의한 한반도에서의 기후변화에 따른 벼 생산성 및 적응기술 평가)

  • Lee, Chung-Kuen;Kim, Junwhan;Shon, Jiyoung;Yang, Woon-Ho;Yoon, Young-Hwan;Choi, Kyung-Jin;Kim, Kwang-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.207-221
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    • 2012
  • Air temperature in Korea has increased by $1.5^{\circ}C$ over the last 100 years, which is nearly twice the global average rate during the same period. Moreover, it is projected that such change in temperature will continue in the 21st century. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impacts of future climate change on the rice production and adaptation methods in Korea. Climate data for the baseline (1971~2000) and the three future climate (2011~2040, 2041~2070, and 2071~2100) at fifty six sites in South Korea under IPCC SRES A1B scenario were used as the input to the rice crop model ORYZA2000. Six experimental schemes were carried out to evaluate the combined effects of climatic warming, $CO_2$ fertilization, and cropping season on rice production. We found that the average production in 2071~2100 would decrease by 23%, 27%, and 29% for early, middle, and middle-late rice maturing type, respectively, when cropping seasons were fixed. In contrast, predicted yield reduction was ~0%, 6%, and 7%, for early, middle, and middle-late rice maturing type, respectively, when cropping seasons were changed. Analysis of variation suggested that climatic warming, $CO_2$ fertilization, cropping season, and rice maturing type contributed 60, 10, 12, and 2% of rice yield, respectively. In addition, regression analysis suggested 14~46 and 53~86% of variations in rice yield were explained by grain number and filled grain ratio, respectively, when cropping season was fixed. On the other hand, 46~78 and 22~53% of variations were explained respectively with changing cropping season. It was projected that sterility caused by high temperature would have no effect on rice yield. As a result, rice yield reduction in the future climate in Korea would resulted from low filled grain ratio due to high growing temperature during grain-filling period because the $CO_2$ fertilization was insufficient to negate the negative effect of climatic warming. However, adjusting cropping seasons to future climate change may alleviate the rice production reduction by minimizing negative effect of climatic warming without altering positive effect of $CO_2$ fertilization, which improves weather condition during the grain-filling period.

Studies on Persistence of Pesticides in Soils and Crops under Polyethylene Film Mulching Culture II. Effect of Polyethylene Film mulching on Weed Emergence, Growth and Yield of Red pepper, Peanut and Sesame (폴리에틸렌 멀칭재배(栽培) 시(時) 농약(農藥)의 토양(土壤) 및 작물체중(作物体中) 잔류(殘留)에 관한 연구(硏究) 제(第) 2 보(報) 폴리에틸렌 멀칭이 잡초발생(雜草發生), 고추, 땅콩, 참깨의 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Ryang, H.S.;Moon, Y.H.;Kim, N.E.;Lee, J.H.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.306-315
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    • 1987
  • In the red pepper field under polythylene film mulching(P.E.-mulching) culture, the weed emergence was completely inhibited by black P.E.-mulching. The emergence in clear P.E.-mulching decreased 90% compared to that in non-mulching. Weeding effect was high in the order of pendimethalin, diphenamid, alachlor and napropamide. The effect of herbicides was higher in clear P.E.-mulching than in non-mulching. Plant height and number of branches increased in the order of clear P.E.-, black P.E.-mulching, while the yield between black P.E.- and clear P.E.-mulching was not different. The herbicides had no effect on the growth and yield. In the peanut field, weed emergence was 80% lower in clear P.E.-mulching than in non-mulching. Weeding effect was excellent in the plot applied with alachlor, napropamide and diphenamid. The total number of branches, main stem height and shoot weight were 2.0, 1.7 and 2.4 times greater in clear P.E.-mulching than in non-mulching, respectively. Peanut yield was about 38% higher under clear P.E.-mulching than under non-mulching. The herbicides had no effect on the growth and yield. In the sesame field, rate of weed emergence was 10 times lower in clear P.E.-mulching than in non-mulching. Weeding effect of alachlor, napropamide and diphenamid was higher under clear P.E.-mulching than under non-mulching. Germination percentage of sesame greatly decreased in non-mulching compared with in clear P.E.-mulching. The germination was inhibited by the treatment of herbicides. The inhibition effect was increased in the order of alachlor, napropamide, and diphenamid. The initial crop injury in treatment of herbicides was greater in non-mulching than in clear P.E.-mulching. The crop recovered from the injury and exhibited regrowth in clear P.E.-mulching except the alachlor treatment, but there was no recovery in non-mulching. There was no significant difference yield between herbicide treatment and hand weeding in non-mulching. Also, no significant difference was obseorbed between napropamide and diphenamid treatment and hand weeding in clear P.E.-mulching.

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Effect of Drought Stress at Various Growth Stages on Soybean Growth and Yield (생육단계별 한발처리가 콩의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • 김충국;고문환
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.89-94
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    • 1997
  • The present study was conducted to know the growth and yield of in response to the drought stress at the different soybean growth stage. Drought stress was given to the soybean plants on early vegetative growth at fourth-node stage(FNS), mid-growth at beginning pod stage(BPS) and late growth at beginning seed stage(BSS) for 30 days, which are high availability in soil water stress on climate condition of Korea. Dry weight was decreased severely by water stress at FNS, and BPS and BSS has no difference compared to control. Chlorophyll content of leaf severely decreased at the end of water stress of FNS and BPS, but was recovered at the harvest stage. Drought-stressed root distributed mainly near the soil surface and number and dry weight of root nodule were decreased severely by drought stress at BPS. Number of pod, seed weight and yield were decreased by drought stress and showed the highest yield loss at BPS.

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A Bibliometric Analysis of Korea Statistic Literaure (한국 통계학 문헌의 계량서지학적 분석)

  • 박성미
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.104-130
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    • 1988
  • The purpose of this study is to grasp the research activities of Korean statisticians and scientific properties of statistics field guantitatively by analyzing its literature with various bibliometric research methods. In this study the productivity of authors arid cited literatures were analyzed.

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Comparison of Grain Filling Characteristics by Source-Sink Size Control in Glutinous and Non-glutinous Near Isogenic Line of Rice (근동질유전자 계통인 찰벼와 메벼의 전엽과 절영처리에 따른 등숙특성 비교)

  • 김춘송;안종국;정일민;강항원;이재생;고지연;박성태
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.243-250
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    • 2004
  • Two cultivars which are glutinous (Hawcheongchalbyeo) and non-glutinous (Hawcheongbyeo) near isogenic line of rice, were used for this study. The objective of this experiment was to gain the basic information for increasing grain yield of waxy rice by means of source and sink size control. In both Hwacheongbyeo and Hawcheongchalbyeo, the trend of decrease in total and average spikelet weight was ranked as follows; removal of penultimate leaf< removal of flag leaf< removal of flag leaf and 3ya leaf from the top < removal of flag leaf and penultimate leaf < removal of flag leaf, penultimate leaf, and 3rd leaf from the top. The reduction yale of total and average spikelet weight per panicle of Hwacheongbyeo was higher than those of Hwacheongchalbyeo according to the removal of flag leaf, penultimate leaf, and 3rd leaf from the top. In both cultivars, high-density grain ratio and grain filling ratio of the primary branches were higher Hun those of the secondary branches by leaf clipping treatment. The spikelet number and total spikelet weight per pinicle in both Hwacheongbyeo and Hwacheongchalbyeo were decreased by removal of spikelets on branches compared with control, whereas average spikelet weight and grain filling ratio were increased. The increase rate of average spikelet weight of Hwacheongchalbyeo was much higher than that of Hwacheongbyeo by sink size control. High-density grain ratio by removal of spikelets on branches was higher in Hwacheongchalbyeo, but filled grain ratio was higher in Hwacheongbyeo.