• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2023

Increased nitrogen in the water system has become an important environmental problem around the world, as it causes eutrophication, algae bloom, and red tide, destroys the water system, and undermines water's self-purification. The most common form of nitrogen in the water system is ammonium ion (NH₄⁺), and the largest portion of ammonium ions comes from wastewater. NH₄⁺ is a major contributor to eutrophication, which calls for appropriate treatment and measures for ammonium removal. This study produced biochar by applying Sorghum × drummondii, a type of biomass with a great growth profile, analyzed the adsorption capacity of Sorghum × drummondii biochar produced from the changing carbonization temperature condition of 200 to 400℃ in the ammonium ion range of 10 to 100 ppm, and used the results to evaluate its potential as an adsorbent. Carbonization decomposed the chemical structure of Sorghum × drummondii and increased the content of carbon and fixed carbon in the biochar. The biochar's pH and electrical conductivity showed high adsorption potential for cations due to electrical conductivity as its pH and electrical conductivity increased along with higher carbonization temperature. Based on the results of an adsorption experiment, the biochar showed 54.5% and 17.4% in the maximum and minimum NH₄-N removal efficiency as the concentration of NH₄-N increased, and higher carbonization temperature facilitated the adsorption of pollutants due to the biochar's increased pores and specific surface area and subsequently improved NH₄-N removal efficiency. FT-IR analysis showed that the overall surface functional groups decreased due to high temperature from carbonization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to compare the dry matter yields and feed values of summer forage crops such as two cultivars of Maize, two cultivars of Sorghum hybrid and one Japanese millet at the Dae-Ho reclaimed tideland, Korea from 2002 to 2003. Seasonal changes of soil salt content maintained somewhat low at early stage and increased at growing stage and then decreased at harvest time. The dry matter yield was 6,102, 4,557 and 2,928 kg/ha, respectively, for Japanese millet Sorghum hybrid and Maize. The highest Crude protein(CP) content was recorded in sorghum hybrid. Neutral detergent fiber.(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents were highest in Japanese millet following Sorghum hybrid and Maize in turn. The highest sodium content in plant tissue was recorded in Japanese millet. These results suggest that Japanese millet is the most suitable summer forage crops for cultivation on reclaimed tideland in view of the good emergence and forage production.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.98-112
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• 2013

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1985.10a
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• pp.21-21
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• 1985

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various cropping system applied with cattle slurry on productivity of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid (SSH) and environmental pollution in paddy land. cropping systems used in this study were consisted of two designs, such as double-cropping sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid followed by whole crop barley applied with cattle slurry (DSSCS) and mono-cropping sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid followed by hairy vetch used as green manure (MSSGM). The field experiments were conducted on the clay loam at Backsanmyun, Kimje, Chunlabukdo province in Korea for three years (May 2006 to Apr. 2009). This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The yield of dry matter (DM) of SSH in DSSCS increased significantly as compared with that of MSSGM (P<0.05). The contents of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of SSH were not influenced by cattle slurry and green manure. The pH, and contents of OM, T-N and $P_2O_5$ in soil samples collected from DSSCS after the end of experiment were higher than those of MSSGM. The pH, and contents of OM in DSSCS treatment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). However, The pH, and contents of OM in MSSGM treatment were hardly influenced, as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment. The contents of T-N in soil samples collected both from DSSCS snd MSSGM treatments were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). In addition, the concentrations of CEC in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). The concentrations of $NO_3$-N, $NH_3$-N and $PO_4$-P in leaching water were hardly influenced by the cropping system and application of cattle slurry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.95.1-95
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2003

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 1985

In order to find out the effects of seeding time on growth, dry matter production and nutritive content of Pioneer 931, Pioneer 988 and Piper, this study was carried out on the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station in 1981-83. Seeding time were 7 with 14-day interval from April 16 to July 9. The results are summarized as follows: 1. It tool about 12 to 13 days from seeding to emergence in case of Mid-April seeding and 7 to 8 days in Late-June. Earlier seeding, more longer growth period from emergence to heading they required. 2. Plant height of Pioneer 931 seeded lately was longer than 4.5 meters in primary growth and Sudangrass was about 2.0 to 2.5 meters. Leaf area was the greatest in Mid-August by early seeding but it was increased until Early-October by late seeding. 3. Sorghum gas brought the highest yield in dry mater and Sudangrass the lowest. In general dry matter yield reduced gradually in response to later seeding but Pioneer 931 has brought more than 10 tons per hecter until Late-June. 4. Relative Growth Rate, Leaf Area Ratio and Leaf Weight of all varieties decreased in accordance with growth development. 5. Crude protein content of leaf was higher than stem and the younger the plants, the more protein they contain. Nitrogen Free Extract was just opposite to crude protein.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2008

This study was carried out to improve density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) propagule and physiochemical properties of soil by planting crops at the preplanning field for ginseng cultivation. Winter crops, such as barley and rye and summer crops, such as sudangrass and soybean were cultivated in combination to improve AMF propagation and soil aggregation at the fields. Yield of harvested crops by plating with winter or/and summer crops was $3,045kg\;10a^{-1}$ of the only rye cultivation, $2,757kg\;10a^{-1}$ of sudangrass cultivation in combination with rye growing (rye/sudangrass) and $1,628kg\;10a^{-1}$ of soybean cultivation in combination with barley growing (barley/soybean), respectively. Soil aggregation rate was improved by cultivation with barley (45.7%) and with rye/sudangrass (45.1%), respectively. The density of AMF spores in soil was increased slowly by cultivating with winter crops. In summer crops cultivation system, density of AMF spores at sudangrass cultivated field was $64.0spores\;g^{-1}$ dried soil and it was higher than that at soybean cultivated field. External hyphae length (EHL) was $1.5{\sim}2.0m\;g^{-1}$ air-dried soil at winter crops cultivated field. However, in summer crops cultivation systems, EHL was $2.6{\sim}2.9m\;g^{-1}$ airdried soil at sudangrass cultivated field and was $1.7{\sim}2.2m\;g^{-1}$ air-dried soil at soybean cultivated filed, showing these were higher than those in non-cultivated field (control). Glomalin content of soil cultivated with crops was higher than that of control soil. Especially, the highest glomalin content was shown to $1.7m\;g^{-1}$ air-dried soil in the barley/soybean cultivation systems. These results suggested that the most effective soil management to improve AMF propagule density and soil physical properties by planting crops system was cultivating sudangrass followed by barley at the preplanning fields for ginseng cultivation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to determine voluntary intake according to growth stage of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid in mono and intercropping. The results obtained from these experiments are as follows; Crude protein content of intercropping cultivation(sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid + soybean) was higher than monocropping(sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid), while ADF content was not different. Intake rates of leaf and stem showed highly at the intercropping comparing with monocropping(180cm~milk stage), but there was no difference at dough and yellow stage. Also, voluntary intake of fresh and dry matter showed same tendency. Voluntary intake of dry matter was the highest value of $98.4g/kg^{0.75}$ at milk stage treatment of intercropping. The intakes of crude protein were 9.6, 8.5, 7.2 and $7.2g/kg^{0.75}$ at 180cm, 250cm, boot stage and milk stage of intercropping treatment, respectively. These were higher than those for monocropping treatment. As mentioned above the results, intercropping cultivation could be recommended as increasing method of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid utilization when intake of dry matter and crude protein were considered.