• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.87-98
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• 1999

전통적인 교통계획 과정에서 이용되어 온 수요모형들은 대부분 수단선택과 통행배정을 나누어 실시하는 모형이 주를 이루어 왔다. 그러나 교통수단이 다양해짐에 따라 실제 통행자들은 통행 도중 환승을 통해 수단을 전환하는 경우가 발생하게 되며 이 경우 수단선택 과정과 통행배정 과정을 하나로 통합하여 분석할 필요가 있다. 따라서 기종점간 수단 분담율은 기점과 종점에서의 그 값이 다르지만 수단선택과 통행배정이 분리되어 있는 기존 모형을 적용할 경우, 출발과 도착시의 수단 분담율이 동일하게 나타나는 비현실적인 결과를 도출하게 된다. 이러한 문제는 통행수단을 통행의 기본단위로 보고, 수단통행량을 추정하기 때문에 그 수단을 이용하는 통행자들의 행태 대신 수단의 특성만이 모형화되기 때문이다. 따라서 기존의 교통계획 과정에서는 수단분담 과정과 통행배정과정이 분리됨에 따라 수단간 환승이 고려되지 않아 통행자들의 경로 구성과정을 정확히 표현하는데 어려움이 있었다. 또, 수단분담 모형으로 가장 많이 이용되는 로짓 모형의 경우 환승을 고려하면 비관련 대안간 독립성문제(CIA)가 발생하고, 환승경로 수요추정이 불가능해 사실상 통합 교통망과 같이 복수 수단이 운행하는 교통망은 분석하기 어렵게 된다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하기 위하여 사람통행(Person Trip)을 기반으로 하는 수단분담-통행배정 통합모형을 개발하고 기존의 결합모형과 그 결과를 비교하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.109-117
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• 2014

This study tries to find the policy instruments that have used in the process of social insurance policy implementation. The results can be summarized as follows: First, in case of compulsory policy instrument, the government uses the regulation, public enterprise and government insurance in the process of implementing of all the social insurance policy. Second, in the case of mixed policy instrument, the government use the user' contribution in the process of implementing of all the social insurance policy but the subsidy was used in the process of implementing of the medical, pension, unemployment and long-term care insurance for the aged policy. Also, the information and discipline was used in the process of implementing of unemployment insurance policy and the partnership was used in the process of implementing of long-term care insurance for the aged policy. Third, in case of voluntary policy instrument, the government uses the family and community in the process of implementing of almost the whole social insurance policy.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.155-179
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• 2013

Becoming independent in 1956, Sudan has since experienced a number of coups $d^{\prime}{\acute{e}}tat$, religious conflicts between the Islamic north and the Christian south, conflicts between the north-south population composition and races, two civil wars for nearly 40 years due to a clash of interests over resources and others, and the Darfur crisis in which hundreds of thousands died. In 1983, as the Sudanese government forced Islamic laws on the southern region where many Christians lived, the civil war resumed and suffered heavy casualties. Although a brief period of tranquility is maintained at the present moment as South Sudan seceded, military conflicts continue to arise. The objective of this research is to understand the North-South Sudan conflict by examining its history and course. For this purpose, chapter 2 will make a theoretical and reality approach for conflict items and solutions. Chapter 3 will discuss the historical background and reasons for the Sudanese conflict by considering Sudan before 19th century, the Egyptian conquest of Sudan and the diverging North and South, Sudanese independence and other divisions yet again, and finally the North-South conflicts over religion and resources. In Chapter 4, there will be an analysis of the course of the Sudan Civil War by separating it into the First and Second Civil War. In Chapter 5, the consequences and future prospect will be presented in lieu of the conclusion.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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• no.106
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• pp.14-19
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• 2004

공정거래법상 법위반 행위 중지명령의 경우 사업자의 자유로운 사업활동을 제약한다는 측면에서 제재수단에 해당된다는 견해와 동 명령의 경우 법위반 행위 재발에 대한 예방조치로서 사업자에게 특별한 불이익을 주는 것이 아니므로 제재수단에 해당되지 않는다는 견해가 제기될 수 있다. 행정법규 위반행위에 대한 제재수단 또는 행정의사의 실효성 확보수단으로서 강학상 열거되고 있는 수단들은 행정강제, 즉시강제, 행정형벌, 행정질서별, 기타 새로운 의무이행확보수단으로서 공정거래법상 법위반 행위 중지명령의 경우 이들 제재수단들에 언급되지는 않고 있는 것으로 보여진다.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2016

This study identified the factors that affect travel time budget by mode for traveler in Seoul using the SUR model. Individual, household and TAZ characteristics were selected as the explanatory variables. Transportation modes are summarized from 18 types to 6 types(walking, personal car, bus, subway, rail and bicycle). The results showed a distinct difference between personal transportation and public transportation. First of all, People who owned a car and driver's licence tend to prefer personal transportation. In addition, we can confirm the relationship between the bus and the subway which are most typical public transportation. Passengers who can available a personal mode preferred the subway than the bus. It is expected to suggest various implications related to the public transportation policy for Seoul metropolitan area.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.85-93
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• 2018

This study investigates the suitability of the blockchain and FIDO among non-face-to-face authentication means in order to secure diversity of identfication means operated in South Korea. In order to do this, the study selected and analyzed seven conformance criteria (universality, persistence, uniqueness, convenience, security, applicability, and economics), and the results were appropriate. Accordingly, in order to apply the blockchain and FIDO as the identification means, the related regulations and notices should be revised to improve the identification procedure. In addition, differentiated certification standards should be established for each service field to apply various authentication means as well as existing identification means, and the authentication means should be continuously developed and linked with the service. In the future, the identification means will bring security of the information circulation environment in the IoT, so it should be implemented in a variety of services by supporting application of identification means.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.131-139
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• 2010

The transport mode choice problem is to determine which of the alternative transport modes connecting an origin and destination will be used by a traveler. Most of the research relating to transport mode choice have mainly been focused on modeling, properties, and applications of the model, but rarely were concerned with equilibrium among the modes. This paper proves the equilibrium among the modes by using a logit mode choice model, and then verifies it with the Korean Transport Database (KTDB). In order to obtain such an equilibrium, this paper also presents a solution algorithm based on the fixed point theorem. The algorithm was tested with an example and confirmed the equilibrium solution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2012

This study introduces a new type of a modal split model that use zonal data instead of cost data as independent variables. It has been indicated that the ones using cost data have deficiencies in the multicollinearity of travel time and cost variables and unpredictability of independent variables. The zonal data employed in this study include (1) socioeconomic data, (2) land use data and (3) transportation system data. The test results showed that the proposed modal split model using zonal data performs better than the other does.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2015

It is known that P300-based concealed information test (P300 CIT) was not greatly affected by the traditional countermeasures. This study was to test whether P300 CIT is affected by the new countermeasures. We used three types of countermeasures. First type was a sequential countermeasure in which participants had to respond in alternating ways to irrelevants by pressing the left index finger covertly when the encountered irrelevant firstly, by wiggling the right big toe inside the shoe when encountered irrelevant secondly, by imaging his or her mother's name when encountered irrelevant thirdly, and by imaging his or her father's name when encountered irrelevant fourthly until all stimuli were presented. Second type was a partial matching and physical countermeasure. Participants in this type were asked to press the left index finger imperceptibly after one of the irrelevants and wiggle the right big toe after another of the irrelevants. Third type was a partial matching and mental countermeasure. Participants were required to imagine mother's name for one irrelevant and father's name for another irrelevant. The results showed that contrary to our expectation, the use of sequential countermeasure increased the detection rate from 77% to 92%. The partial matching countermeasure had a negative effect on P300 CIT. The physical countermeasure decreased the detection rate from 77% to 46%, and the mental countermeasure decreased the detection rate from 100% to 69%. The necessity for the development of methods to prevent or detect countermeasure is discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to compare the growth characteristics and productivity between sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid under the same cultivation condition in Cheonan and Kimje of Korea from 2010 to 2011. Sudangrass hybrids(Choice, Sunstar and Piper) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17, Jumbo and Revolution) were planted $5^{th}$ May in Cheonan and $7^{th}$ May in Kimje. Heading date of sudangrass hybrids was $12^{th}$ July which was about 2 week fast more than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Stem diameter of sudangrass hybrids was about 6mm which was about 5 mm smaller than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Disease resistance of sudangrass hybrid, "Choice" was similar to that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Dry matter yield of "Choice" was 15ton/ha which was 10% less than that for sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17). Feed value of "Choice" was similar or slightly lower than that of sorghum-sudangrass. For increasing the productivity in forage cropping systems all around year, sudangrass hybrid is recommended for prolong by the middle ten day of May in the harvesting time of italian ryegrass.