• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2013

Upper extremity dysfunction is a common consequence following stroke. Spontaneous recovery during the first six months post-stroke is rigorous and considered as a significant indicator of potential long-term progress. Various approaches have been utilized to regain functional upper limb movement necessary for independent living; however, conventional therapy approaches have failed to prove consistency, especially for subacute stroke patients. There is, thus, a need for innovative therapeutic strategies that motivate stroke survivors to facilitate neural and functional recovery during the critical window immediately following stroke. The effect of music on physical enhancement has been frequently reported in the field of medicine as well as neurorehabilitation. The efficacy of rhythm on lower extremity deficits has been well established. Yet, the rationale for using instrumental music making enhancing subacute upper extremities rehabilitation is not clearly described to date. Based on the key mechanism of music as sensori-motor movement facilitator, this paper reviews previous empirical research that utilized music-based interventions for upper extremity rehabilitation for stroke patients, either in the form of receptive or expressive activity. This paper, further, focuses on the current research trends in subacute stroke upper limb rehabilitation and provides applicable rationale of using instrumental music playing.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.196-204
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• 1997

우리 나라는 한해에 안전사고로 인해 12만 .+-. 2만명정도의 재해자를 발생시키고 있으며, 재해의 천국이라는 오명까지 얻게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라의 산업안전관리자의 안전의식을 분석함으로써 재해발생의 감소에 일조를 하고자 함을 본 연구의 목적으로 한다. 연구기간은 1997년 3월에서 8월까지며, 총 200여명의 강원지역의 산업안전관리자들을 대상 으로 설문조사하여, 그중 불성실하게 답한 것을 제외한 183명의 관리자들의 응답결과를 토 대로 통계분석을 실시하였다. 연구내용은 안전의식에 대한 설문조사를 통하여 그들의 근무 조건과 안전에 대한 지식정도, 현 직장에의 만족과 불만족요인과 자주 쓰는 재해통해방법들을 조사하여 우리나라의 안전관리자들의 현 상황을 유추해 보고자 시도하였다. 분석결과 183명 중 여성은 불과 3명뿐이며, 83%가 기혼이며, 대졸은 전체의 25.1%이며, 59.6%가 고졸이며 , 전문대졸은 15.2%나 되었다. 전담 안전관리자는 전체의 8%에 불과했으며, 대부분 겸임을 하고 있었다. 놀라운 것은 안전관리자들의 92.6%가 안전관리자격증이 없었으며, 2급이 4.7% 에 불과했다. 과거에 부상을 당한 경험이 있는 안전관리자는 전체의 26.3%에 달해 회사가 부상을 당한 근로자를 안전부서로 발령한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 다친 원인의 50%가 시설물 결함으로 나타나 작업환경개선이 시급함을 알 수가 있었다. 우리나라도 선진국과 같은 교욱담당의 NIOSH와 제재담당의 OSHA와 같은 기관의 설립이 보다 효율적이고 근본적인 안전 관리의 문제해결책이라고 사료된다. 열악한 중소기업에 나라에서 안전교육을 담당해 주는 대신 기업은 근로자들에게 보다 안전한 환경을 제공해야 된다는 것이 이러한 기관설립의 목적이라고 하겠다. 더 나아가 이를 총괄하는 안전관리청의 신설이 보다 근본적인 문제해결을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.의 결과는 자전거 에르고노미터의 결과가 트레드밀의 결과에 87.60%정도 나타났다.음을 관찰하였다. 특히 vitamin C와 E의 병용투여는 상승적으로 적용하여 간세포손상을 더욱 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.mance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business portfolio properties, we obtained three findings. First, only VI (Vertical integration) has a significant positive correlation with ROS. Second, when using TFP growth as an dependent variable, both TR(Technological Relatedness) and f[ are significant and positively related to the

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

We studied a bonding at low temperature using polymer bump and Non-Conductive Adhesive (NCA), and studied the reliability of the polymer bump/Al pad joints. The polymer bumps were formed on oxidized Si substrates by photolithography process, and the thin film metals were formed on the polymer bumps using DC magnetron sputtering. The substrate used was AL metallized glass. The polymer bump and Al metallized glass substrates were joined together at $80^{\circ}C$ under various pressure. Two NCAs were applied during joining. Thermal cycling test ($0^{\circ}C-55^{\circ}C$, cycle/30 min) was carried out up to 2000 cycles to evaluate the reliability of the joints. The bondability was evaluated by measuring the contact resistance of the joints through the four point probe method, and the joints were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The contact resistance of the joints was $70-90m{\Omega}$ before the reliability test. The joints of the polymer bump/Al pad were damaged by NCA filler particles under pressure above 200 MPa. After reliability test, some joints were electrically failed since thinner metal layers deposited at the edge of bumps were disconnected.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

Aging and severe environments are major causes of damage in reinforced concrete (RC) structures such as buildings and bridges. Deterioration such as concrete cracks, corrosion of steel, and deformation of structural members can significantly degrade the structural performance and safety. Therefore, effective and easy-to-use methods are desired for repairing and strengthening such concrete structures. Various methods for strengthening and rehabilitation of RC structures have been developed in the past several decades. Recently, FRP composite materials have emerged as a cost-effective alternative to the conventional materials for repairing, strengthening, and retrofitting deteriorating/deficient concrete structures, by externally bonding FRP laminates to concrete structural members. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in predicting behavior of circular type concrete column retrofitted with FRP. To construct training and testing dataset, experiment results for the specimens which have different retrofit profile are used. Retrofit ratio, strength of existing concrete, thickness, number of layer, stiffness, ultimate strength of fiber and size of specimens are selected as input parameters to predict strength, strain, and stiffness of post-yielding modulus. These proposed ANFIS models show reliable increased accuracy in predicting constitutive properties of concrete retrofitted by FRP, compared to the constitutive models suggested by other researchers.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2012

Fixed connection is generally used for beam and column connections of concrete structures, but significant damages at the connection due to severe earthquakes have been reported. In order to reduce damages of the connection and improve seismic performance of the connection, several innovative connections have been suggested. One newly proposed connection type allows a rotation of the connection for applications in rotating or rocking beams, columns, and shear walls. Such structural elements would provide a nonlinear lateral force-displacement response since their contact depth developed during rotation is gradually reduced and the stress across the sections of the elements is non-linearly distributed around a contact area, which is called an elastic hinge region in the present study. The purpose of the present study is to define the elastic hinge region or length for the rocking columns, through investigating the cross-sectional stress distribution during their lateral behavior. Performing a finite element analysis (FEA), several parameters are considered including axial load levels (5% and 10% of nominal strength), different boundary conditions (confined-ends and cantilever types), and slenderness ratios (length/depth = 5, 7, 10). The FEA results showed that the elastic hinge length does not directly depend on the parameters considered, but it is governed by a contact depth only. The elastic hinge length started to develop after an opening state and increased non-linearly until a rocking point(pre-rocking). However, the length did not increase any more after the rocking point (post-rocking) and remained as a constant value. Half space model predicting the elastic hinge length is adapted and the results are compared with the numerical results.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2012

Integral and rigid frame bridges have advantages in bridge maintenance and structural efficiency by eliminating expansion joints and bridge supports. However, the detail of typical girder-abutment connection is rather complex and increases construction cost depending on construction detail. For the purpose of compensating disadvantages such as complexity and additional cost, a new type of bridge is proposed in this study, which improves the efficiency of construction by simplifying the construction detail of girder-abutment connection. The proposed bridge has the connection detail of steel girder and abutment integrated by prestressed PS bar installed in the connection. In this study, finite element analysis and fatigue load test are conducted to evaluate the fatigue capacity of the proposed girder-abutment connection. The results of the finite element analysis revealed that the possibility of the fatigue damage in the girder-abutment connection is very low. The results of the fatigue load test verified that the integrity of the girder and abutment connection is maintained after 2,000,000 cycles of fatigue loading.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2018

In cosmetics market, anti-pollution products recently come up with new solution for skin health. Environmental oxidation mechanisms are realized as bio-marker of atmospheric pollution upon skin by environmental pollutant such as ozone, UV rays, particulate matter (PM) as well as cigarette smoke. The exposure of cigarette smoke directly or indirectly causes the oxidation of the stratum corneum skin lipids, resulting in the conversion of squalene to squalene monohydroperoxide and/or generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a product of lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study is to see whether new cosmetics product containing red beet has anti-oxidation effect on skin exposed by cigarette smoke. So as to determine oxidative damage to human skin at biochemical level, each unit area of volar forearms was exposed to cigarette smoke through device (3.3 cm, diameter) for fifteen minutes, then measured MDA using standardized TBARS assay kit. Compared to negative control (untreated and unexposed area), the level of MDA was significantly increased at positive control (untreated and exposed area) more than 3.7 times, indicating the pollutant induced-oxidative damage on the skin barrier. Whereas, the pre-applied area with the cosmetics products containing red beet revealed a decrease of 25% compared with positive control. As reports, these data demonstrated that cigarette smoke induce peroxidation of stratum corneum skin lipids. Conclusively, we suggest that anti-pollution effect of the cosmetics product containing red beet is beneficial to prevent the oxidation of skin lipids by atmospheric pollution.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1991

The author has arrived at the following result after having carried out multilateral study based on a total of 282 maxillofacial fracture patients who have receive treatment at the Euijeongbu general hospital and Shinchun general hospital in the northern district of Kyunggido from march 1988 to august 1990. 1. Sex distribution of Mx. facial fx. patient was higher in male by 4.6:1 and was predominant in the 3rd decade with 40.4% followed in decreasing order by the 2nd decade and the 4th. 2. A majority were in the Mn. with 40.2% followed in decreasing order by zygoma. nasal bone and maxilla. 3. For the sex distribution according to anatomy, make to female ratio was 6.2:1 in the mandible, followed in decreasing order by zygoma, and nasal bone with predominance in male. 4. Car accident with 42.8% was the most common cause of fx. followed in decreasing order by violence, workmen's accident, and fall down. 5. The involvement of other trauma areas are head. 79.0%, abdomen-thorax, and the extremities in decreasing order. 6. In the mandibular fx. a majority were in the symphysis with 73.9% followed in decreasing order by angle, Condyle, and body. 7. Maxillary fx. of the type LeFort II was estimated to be 41.2% 8. Fracture in the zygoma including zygomatic arch was estimated to be 72.5%

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 2019

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal-dominant disease characterized by the delayed closure of cranial sutures, defects in clavicle formation, supernumerary teeth, and delayed tooth eruption. Defects in the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a master regulator of bone formation, have been identified in CCD patients. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular genetic causes in a CCD family with delayed tooth eruption. The 23-year-old female proband and her mother underwent clinical and radiographic examinations, and all coding exons of the RUNX2 were sequenced. Mutational analysis revealed a single nucleotide deletion mutation (NM_001024630.4 : c.357delC) in exon 3 in the proband and her mother. The single C deletion would result in a frameshift in translation and introduce a premature stop codon [p.(Asn120Thrfs^*24)]. This would result in the impaired function of RUNX2 protein, which may be the cause of delayed eruption of permanent teeth in the family.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2010

The oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of methanolic extracts of Prunella Spica (PSE) against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. The cells exposed to $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress were treated with various concentrations of PSE; this treatment resulted in the induction of a dose-dependent protective effect, which was evidenced by the results of MTT reduction assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, morphological assay, and colony-formation assay. Interestingly, we also observed reduction of apoptotic bodies in the Hoechst staining and flow cytometric analysis. These data show that apoptosis was significantly suppressed in the PC12 cells that were exposed to $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress and treated with PSE. These results suggest that Prunella Spica could be a new potential protective agent against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress.