• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2005

Purpose: Tc-99m labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacctic acid (DTPA)-coupled galactosylated human serum albumin (GSA) is a currently used imaging agent for asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) of the liver, but, it has several shortcomings. Recently a new ASGPR imaging agent, $^{99m}Tc$-lactosylated human serum albumin (LSA), with simple labeling procedure, high labeling efficiency, high stability was developed. In order to assess the feasibility of the $^{99m}Tc$-LSA as a ASGPR imaging radiopharmaceuticals, we performed biodistribution study of the tracer in liver injured mice model and the results were compared with histolgic data. Materals and Methods: To induce hepatic damage in ICR mice, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) ($60mg/kg/week{\times}5time$, low dose or $180mg/kg/week{\times}2times$, high dose) and thioacetamide (TAA) ($50mg/kg{\times}1time$) were administrated intraperitoneally. Degree of liver damage was evaluated by tissue hematoxilin-eosin stain, and expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) was assessed by immunohistochemistry using ASGPR antibody. $^{99m}Tc$-LSA was intravenously administrated via tail vein in DEN or TAA treated mice, and biodistribution study of the tracer was also performed. Results: DEN treated mice showed ballooning of hepatocyte and inflammatory cell infiltration in low dose group and severe hapatocyte necrosis in high dose group, and low dose group showed higher ASGPR staining than control mice in immunohistochemical staining. TAA treated mice showed severe hepatic necrosis. $^{99m}Tc$-LSA Biodistribution study showed that mice with hepatic necrosis induced by high dose DEN or TAA revealed higher blood activity and lower liver activity than control mice, due to slow clearance of the tracer by the liver. The degree of liver uptake was inversely correlated with the degree of histologic liver damage. But low dose DEN treated mice with mild hepatic injury showed normal blood clearance and hepatic activity, partly due to overexpression of ASGPR in mice with mild degree hepatic injury. Conclusion: Liver uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-LSA was inversely correlated with degree of histologic hepatic injury in DEN and TAA treated mice. These results support that $^{99m}Tc$-LSA can be used to evaluate the liver status in liver disease patients.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 2024

Piping systems are crucial facilities used in various industries, particularly in areas related to daily life and safety. Piping systems are fixed to the main structures of buildings and facilities but do not support external loads and serve as non-structural elements performing specific functions. Piping systems are affected by relative displacements owing to phase differences arising from different behaviors between two support points under seismic loads; this can cause damage owing to the displacement-dominant cyclic behavior. Fittings and joints in piping systems are representative elements that are vulnerable to seismic loads. To evaluate the seismic performance and limit states of fittings and joints in piping systems, a high-stroke actuator is required to simulate relative displacements. However, this is challenging because only few facilities can conduct these experiments. Therefore, element-level experiments are required to evaluate the seismic performance and limit states of piping systems connected by fittings and joints. This study proposed a method to evaluate the seismic performance of an elbow specimen that includes fittings and joints that are vulnerable to seismic loads in vertical piping systems. The elbow specimen was created by connecting straight pipes to both ends of a 90° pipe elbow using flexible groove joints. The seismic performance of the elbow specimen was evaluated using a cyclic loading protocol based on deformation angles. To determine the margin of the evaluated seismic performance, the limit states were assessed by applying cyclic loading with a constant amplitude.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

The research has sought to examine the effect of cognition training using smart device application games on the cognition function of traumatic brain injury patients. The research was conducted to the seventeen traumatic brain injury patients with slight symptoms who were treated with occupational therapy. The patients were divided into the two groups, nine for the experimental group and eight for the control group. The experimental group was assigned to conduct cognition training using smart device application games and traditional cognition training for fifteen minutes each, and the control group has conducted the traditional cognition training for 30 minutes. All arbitrations were conducted for 30 minutes a day, five times a week and for four weeks. To assess the cognitive function, Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) and visual memory 1 and 2 of Motor-free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3) were measured before and after the intervention. In the comparison of the change between the two groups, the experimental groups showed a significant improvement in the visual memory of Motor-free Visual Perception Test-3 and remembrance section of the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (p<.05). The result of this research has confirmed that the cognition training using the smart device application game can make the positive change to the visual memory of the traumatic brain injury patients more than the traditional cognition training.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.199-212
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• 2021

The Sebyeonggwan Hall (National Treasure No. 305) is located on the Naval Headquarter of Three Provinces in Tongyeong, and it has partly undergone with several rebuilding, remodeling, repairing and restorations since it's the first establishment in Joseon Dynasty (AD 1605) of ancient Korea. This study focuses on 50 foundation stones that comprise the Sebyeonggwan. These stones are made of six rock types and currently have various shapes of the surface damages. As the foundation stones, the dominant rock type was dacitic lapilli tuffs, and provenance-based interpretation was performed to supply alternative stones for conservation. Most of the provenance rocks for foundation stones showed highly homogeneity with their corresponding stones of petrography, mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility. According to surface deterioration assessments, the most serious damages of the stones were blistering and scaling. The deterioration mechanism was identified through the analysis of inorganic contaminants, and the primary reason is considered salt weathering caused by sea breeze and other combined circumstances. Based on the mechanical durability of the stones, there was no foundation stone that required the replacement of its members attributed to the degradation of the rock properties, but conservation treatment is considered necessary to delay superficial damage. The foundation stones are characterized by a combined outcome of multiple petrological factors that caused physical damage to surfaces and internal defects. Therefore, it's required to diagnosis and monitoring the Sebyeonggwan regularly for long-term preservation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.689-693
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• 2023

Domestic bridges with a service life of more than 30 years are expected to account for approximately 54% of all bridges within the next 10 years. As bridges rapidly deteriorate, it is necessary to establish an appropriate maintenance plan. Recent domestic and international research have focused on the integration of BIM to digitize bridge maintenance information and then enhance accessibility and usability of the information. Accordingly, this study developed a BIM-FEM interoperability algorithm for bridge decks to convert maintenance information into data and efficiently manage the history of maintenance. After creating an initial crack BIM based on an exterior damage map, bridge specification and damage information were linked to a numerical analysis that performs damage analysis considering damage scenarios and design loads. The spread of cracks obtained from the analysis results were updated into the BIM. Based on the damage spread information on the BIM, an automated technology was also developed to assess both the current and future condition ratings of the bridge deck. This approach can enable an efficient maintenance of the deck using the history data from bridge inspection and diagnosis as well as future information on cracks and defects. The expected early detection and prevention would ultimately improve the lifespan and safety of bridges.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.323-350
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• 2011

Work ability is a fundamental factor to determine who are the recipients of disability benefits or employment services. Disability Grade based on medical impairments is used as a work ability assessment in Korea, but it has been heavily criticized that it does not assess disabled person's work ability adequately. This study tried to find out an index which explains employment status of disabled persons the best among four work ability assessment indexes of disability grade, level of ICF activity limitations and participation restriction, level of help needed with daily activities, and self-assessed health status. As a result, the level of ICF activity limitations and participation restriction explained the employment status the best, and help needed for daily activities is the second, disability grade is the third, and self-assessed health status is the last. In conclusion, level of ICF activity limitations and participation restriction is the best work ability assessment in Disabled People Pension and Employment Policy for Disabled People. Therefore, it is the basic premise to develop a new work ability assessment index which consists of items in ICF activity limitations and participation restriction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

Valves in power plants are leaking internally by various damages including insertion of foreign objects on seat, seat crack, defects and fatigue crack of stem packing or welds etc. due to severe operating conditions such as high temperature and high pressure for extended period time. Acoustic emission(AE) technology should be applied in order to diagnose precisely and evaluate these valve internal leak. In this paper, results of studies which have accomplished in actual power plant are presented. We have analyzed background noise, AE signal level and frequency spectrum through laboratory tests on the basis of various actual conditions in power plant, and also have considered evaluation methods on the background noise, AE properties and the detectable minimum leak rate according to valve leak conditions through comparing with results of field tests in power plant. As a result of these studies, we conformed that evaluation of internal leak conditions including discrimination of leak or not, and the detectable minimum leak rate is possible, and also it is expected to contribute to safe operation and prevention of energy loss in power plants.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.383-396
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• 2015

It is analyzed the risk of building damage due to ground surface subsidence occurred during constructing a tunnel below buildings in sand-gravel layer. The overburden and the thickness of sand-gravel layer is about 20m and the width and the height of the tunnel are 12m and 8.6m, respectively. The tunnel is pre-reinforced by umbrella method with three rows of long steel pipes and grouting. Surface subsidence is measured at 36 points surrounding buildings and measured data are used to calculate optimized three dimensional subsidence surface. Depending on the building location, deflection ratio and horizontal strain are calculated to evaluate the risk of building damage. No damage occurs at the buildings because of both the small deflection ratios involved 1~4mm subsidence and compressive horizontal strains.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2021

The rock-carved standing Buddha triad in Seoak-dong is a large stone Buddha statue of the Unified Silla era (AD 676 to 935) in ancient Korea, built near the top of the southeastern side of mountain Seondosan in Gyeongju, is characterized by its locational importance, the powerful Amitabha and the gentle sculptural technique of the Bodhisattva. In particular, Amitabha Buddha in andesite rock slope with biotite granite pedestal and two Bodhisattva parallel made by alkali granites seems to express the dignity through the color and texture of the stones. In the Amitabha Buddha, deterioration characteristics are accelerating due to the combination of various joint systems, instability of the slopes and relaxation by the root pressure of plants occurring at the top. In addition, physical properties have deteriorated owing to the increase of discontinuous surfaces as joints, cracks and scalings, and the coverage of algae and lichen is also high. Therefore, deterioration degree in Buddha triad is accelerated due to the physical weathering characteristics from natural rock mass and various biological invasion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 2014

To minimize the risk of corrosion on buried pipeline and to maximize the efficiency of cathodic protection, various indirect inspection techniques have been used for decades. In the United States, 49 CFR has regulated the external corrosion direct assessment for buried pipelines. In Korea, there is no provision for external corrosion direct assessment but there is only, according to the KGS Code, provision that if the survey of the defects of buried pipeline and the leakage test for the pipe were conducted, it is deemed to leakage inspection. We, therefore, have suggested external corrosion direct assessment method appropriate to domestic status through the survey of the regulations and standards of UK and the USA and the investigation of domestic situation on coating damage detection method. The proposed external corrosion direct evaluation method was used as the basis when introducing the precision safety diagnosis regulation for the medium-pressure pipe in Korea.