• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.139-145
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• 2021

In this paper, by using the cattle feed intake, rumination, and in heat monitoring technology, RFI (Residual Feed Intake) monitoring and wearable devices and PCs for predicting abnormalities in budding target web and smart A monitoring system using a phone application was designed and implemented. With the development of this system, the farmer is expected to increase economic efficiency. By analyzing the feed intake, it is possible to identify the difference between the recommended feed amount based on the cow's weight and the feed amount consumed by the cow, and it is expected that early detection of metabolic disorders (abnormality of metabolism) is possible. Farmers using the results of this thesis can distinguish the cows with the most efficient performance, and the 6-axis motion sensor signals input from the wearable device attached to the cow's skin (neck) and the microphone attached to the wearable device. It is possible to measure the cow's rumination and feed intake through the sound of the cow's throat. In the future, improvements will be made to measure additional vital signs such as heart rate and respiration.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish the methods of ultrasound-guided transvaginal retrieval of oocytes (ovum pick-up) in Korean native, Hanwoo Heifers. To obtain the basic data about Hanwoo, the size of ovaries in luteal and follicular phases were measured and the number of follicles in ovaries during the estrus cycle was counted by using ultrasound. And to determine the effective anesthetic to Hanwoo, various mixture of anesthetic compounds, Rompun(equation omitted), lidocaine, Monzal(equation omitted), and Domosedan(equation omitted), were treated. The size of Hanwoo ovaries were not significant differently between luteal and follicular phases. The number of medium and small follicles were peak on day 3 and 12 of the estrous cycle, and this result suggested that Hanwoo has 2 follicular growth waves per estrus cycle. The most effective anesthetic method was intramuscular injection of a.3m! Rompun(equation omitted), epidural injection of 5$m\ell$ lidocaine and sprayed cervix by 2$m\ell$ lidocaine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.727-728
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• 2023

최근 국내 축산 인구의 감소 및 고령화가 빠르게 진행되고 AI, 구제역 등 가축 질병의 잦은 발생으로 축산업이 위기를 겪고 있고 기존의 축산 형태는 급이, 급수를 직접 관리하고 가축의 발정 및 분만 시기를 놓쳐 생산성이 감소하는 불편함이 있다. 본 논문은 기존의 축산 시스템에서 정보통신기술을 융합시킨 'ICT 기술을 활용한 스마트 축산'을 제안한다. 공기질센서, 온습도센서 등을 활용하여 축산 내부 환경을 체크하고, 자동으로 급수 및 급이기, 환기팬, 창문개폐, 생균제 분사가 작동하여 축산의 환경을 최적의 상태로 관리하여 준다. 그리고 스마트폰을 이용하여 원격으로 스마트 축산을 원격제어 및 감독할 수 있어 관리자의 불편함을 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한, 발정측정기를 사용해 소의 발정 시기를 탐지하여 생산성을 높일 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2003

수정란 이식의 성공적 수행을 위해서는 양질의 수정란 생산, 영양상태가 양호한 수란우의 선발, 수정란과 수란우의 발정동기화, 황체발육이 양호한 수란우의 선발과 숙련자에 의한 수정란의 이식 등의 제반사항이 최적으로 이루어 졌을 때에 가능하다고 사료된다. 특히 수란우의 영양상태는 각양각색이라 판단하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서 수란우의 사양관리 형태가 수란우 선발율과 수태율에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 수정란 이식의 효율증진을 도모하고자 실시하였다. 본 실험에 공시된 수란우는 경기도 일원에서 사육하고 있는 젖소 미경산우를 대상으로 하였으며, 건초와 농후사료 급여군(A군)과 볏짚과 농후사료 급여군(B군)으로 나누어 조사하였다. 실험에 공시한 수정란은 능력이 우수한 5∼7산의 한우 경산우에 과배란처리 후 비외과적 방법을 이용하여 회수한 수정란을 이용하였다. 또한 수란우는 발정동기화 처리 후 황체상태가 양호한 개체만을 시험에 공시하였다. (중략)

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of four different estrus induction methods in anestrus cows on the estrus induction and pregnancy following artificial insemination (AI). Sixty-five cows (3∼4 years old) were selected and divided into four different estrus induction treatment groups. Group 1, 12 cows were treated by Ovsynch program combined with GnRH and PGF$_2$a. Group 2, 12 cows were treated by "Tow plus Two" program with GnRH and PGF$_2$a. Group 3, 20 cows were treated by "Tow plus Two" program following intravaginal progesterone implantation (CIDR). Twenty one cows in Group 4 were treated by "Tow plus Two" program following follicular rupture and intravaginal progesterone implantation. Cows were then observed estrus induction and inseminated artificially at 12 h and 24 h after standing estrus. The rates of estrus induction in Group 4 (18/21, 86%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in groups 1, 2 and 3 (8/12, 67%; 9/12, 75%; 14/20, 70%). In the mean time of onset of estrus after final administration of GnRH in different hormone-treated cows, the cows in Group 3 (24.2$\pm$2.2) and Group 4 (23.4$\pm$2.0) were significantly (P<0.05) shorter than that in Group 1 (28.5$\pm$4.6) and Group 2 (26.4$\pm$3.3). The rates of pregnancy diagnosed on Day 28 were significantly different between treatment groups. Significantly (P<0.05) higher rate of pregnancy was observed in Group 4 (17/20, 85.0%) than those in Groups 1, 2 and 3 (7/11, 63.6%; 8/12, 66.7%; 15/20, 75.0%, respectetively). The rate of abortion diagnosed on 49 days of gestation was significantly (P<0/05) lower in Group 4 (1/17, 5.9%) than those in Groups 1, 2 and 3 (2/7, 28.7%; 2/8, 25% and 3/15, 20%, respectively). In conclusion, combined treatments with GnRH and PGF$_2$a following follicular rupture and progesterone implant in anestrus cows was considered to be most effective in estrus induction and maintenance of pregnancy. Further studies are needed to verify the functional mechanisms of residual follicles in anestrus ovaries on retarding the response of hormonal treatments.sponse of hormonal treatments.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2021

Implementation of livestock smart-farm can be done more effectively with IoT technology developing. An build of useful stock management system can be possibile if push messages of these judgement are notified on smart-phone after cattle's illness and estrus are judged using IoT technology. These judgement method of cattle's illness and estrus can be done with gathering living stock data using temperature sensor and 3 axis acceleration sensor and sending these data using IoT and internet network into server, and studying AI machine learning using these data. In this paper, to build this cattle management system based on IoT, effective system of the whole architecture is showed. Also an effective analysis and design method to develop this system software will be presented by showing user requirement analysis using object-oriented method, flowchart and screen design.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.833-841
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• 1995

Ultrasonography was used to measure the corpus luteum area for determining the relationships between corpus luteum size and milk progesterone concentration during the estrous cycle in 16 dairy cows. Cows were classified retrospectively into cows that had corpus luteum with(n=P) and without(n=7) cavity. Ultrasound examination and collection of milk samples for progesterone assay were performed with 2 day intervals from Days 0 to 12, and then daily from Day 14 to the day of the next ovulation. The means for corpus luteum area and for milk progesterone concentration during the estrous cycle were not significantly different between cows that had corpus luteum with and without cavity. The correlation coefficients between corpus luteum area and milk progesterone concentration during luteal development (Days 2 to 8) were 0.71(p<0.0001) and 0.74(p<0.0001) for corpus luteum with and without cavity, respectively, during luteal regression(Days -6 to 0 relative to the next ovulation) 0.73(p<0.0001) and 0.76(p<0.0001), respectively. The correlation coefficients combined fur both stages of estrous cycle and both luteal statuses were 0.70(p<0.0001). These results indicate that corpus luteum area is significantly correlated to milk progesterone concentration, and ultrasonographic assessment of the corpus luteum is a reliable method fur estimating peripheral progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle in cows.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.819-822
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 비디오 감시 시스템을 기반으로 한우 축사에서 야간 승가 행위 검출을 위한 최적의 방법을 제안한다. 특히 축사 환경에서는 소들간의 겹침 등 다양한 어려움이 발생하기 때문에, 이를 극복하기 위하여 깊이 정보를 이용하여 승가하는 소의 머리를 자동으로 탐지한다. 즉, 소가 네발로 걸어다니는 통상의 경우 소의 등 높이가 1.3m 정도인데 반해 앞발을 들어 승가하는 경우에는 소의 높이가 1.7m 까지 높아짐에 착안하여, 축사 측면에 설치된 깊이 카메라로부터 소까지의 거리 차이를 이용하면 발정기 탐지를 위한 승가 행위를 자동으로 검출할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2002

In order to develop the breeding techniques to increase Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) population, the present study was performed 1) to establish the treatment protocol on reproductive disorders with GnRH or PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／, 2) to improve intraovarian PG $F_{2}$$\alpha$／ administration for reducing open period. Among total of 43 diagnosed, high percentage of cows (41.9％, 18 cows) were diagnosed as silent heat, followed by inactive ovaries (32.6％, 14 cows), ovarian cysts (9.3％, 4 cows), persistent corpus luteum (7.0％, 3 cows), endometriosis (4.7％, 2 cows), pyometra (2.3％, 1 cow) and luteal cysts (2.3％, 1 cow). To treat silent heat, 18 cows were administrated with 25 mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／, heat-detected, artificially inseminated and monitored pregnancy. All treated cows were heat-detected and 16 cows (88％) were successfully pregnant. With 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$ GnRH treatment, 7 cows (70％) with inactive ovaries and 3 cows (75％) with ovarian cysts were successfully pregnant. Administration with 25mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／, successfully treated 3 cows (100％) with persistent corpus luteum and 1 cow (100％) with luteal cysts, followed by 100％ pregnancy rate. With the combined treatment of 25 mg PG $F_{2}$$\alpha$／and antibiotics, 2 cows (100％) with endometriosis were effectively treated and got pregnant after. artificial insemination (AI). In order to reduce open period, 5 mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／ was administrated intraovarian to 20 days cows after delivery, heat-detected, artificially inseminated and monitored pregnancy. In the first experiment, in order to recover uterus, 5mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／were administrated, followed by administration of 5mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／ at the interval of 14 days. As results, 74％ (17／23 cows) of pregnancy rate after AI. In order to further reduce the open period, 5 mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／was administrated at the interval of 11 days without the period of uterus recovery, resulted in 94％ (16／17 cows) pregnancy rate. In conclusion, these results showed that PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／ and GnRH treatment were effective hormonal treatment resume in Hanwoo with various reproductive disorders. In addition, modified protocol of intraovarian PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／ administration could be the effective method for reducing the open period.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1992

본 연구는 소의 난포란의 체외성숙과 체외수정에 영향을 미치는 요인을 구명하기 위하여 미숙 난포란을 채취하여 형태적 분류를 통해 우수한 란을 공시한 후 난포의 크기, 정액의 형태, 수정능득법, 혈청, 호르몬, 난포액, 난구세포등을 첨가한 TCM-199 배양액에서 배양하면서 체외성숙 및 수정율을 조사하였는 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 소 난포란을 채취하여 배양을 통해 형태적 분류를 했을때 A형란은 61.4%, B형란은 12.1%, C형란은 19.2%, D형란은 4.2%였으며 발생중지 또는 퇴화란은 3.0%였다. 또한 A, B, C형란을 배양액에 배양했을때 난포란의 체외성숙율은 각각 89.1%, 78.0%, 52.6%였으며, 수정율은 각각 78.1%, 66.1%, 33.3%였다. 2. 소 난포의 크기를 1-2mm, 3-5mm 및 5mm이상으로 분류하여 채취한 난포란의 수는 각각 67개, 98개, 63개 였으며, 이를 TCM-199 배양액에서 배양했을때의 체외성숙 및 수정율은 각각 56.7%와 44.8%, 82.5%, 72.4%와 46.0%와 28.6%였다. 3. 소 난포란의 체외수정에 있어서 정소상체 미부정자, 희택정액 및 동결정액을 이용하여 매정하였을때 체외수정율과 분할율은 각각 63.3%, 73.3%, 70.0%와 32.7%, 37.8%, 38.3%였다. 4. 소 난포란의 체외수정에 있어서 m-KRB 처리법, HIS처리법, Ca-IA처리법, BFF처리법 및 heparin처리법으로 각각 수정능획득을 유기하였을때 체외성숙 및 분할율은 각각 53.1%, 28.1%, 33.9%와 17.7%, 50.8%와 26.2%, 48.1%와 22.8% 및 58.8%와 32.8%로서 heparin 처리법이 가장 높았다. 5. 소 난포란의 체외성숙과 수정에 있어서 각 농도의 우태아혈청과 FSH, HCG, $\beta$-estradiol을 첨가한 TCM-199배양액에서 배양했을때의 체외성숙 및 수정율은 각각 76.0-82.3%와 26.2-70.0%로서 무첨가에 비해 첨가가 높았다. 6. 발정우혈청 및 우태아혈청 5-20%를 첨가한 배양액에서 배양했을때의 체외성숙율은 각각 71.7-76.9%, 74.0-80.6%였으며 체외수정율은 51.9-58%와 26.2-30.0%로서, 체외수정율의 경우 발정우혈청의 첨가가 우태아혈청의 첨가에 비해 높았다. 7. 난포액20-30%를 첨가한 배양액에서 배양했을때의 난포란의 체외성숙율은 각각 68.0%와 64.6%, 수정율은 각각59.6%와 60.4%로서 난포액10%, 50%를 첨가한 배양액에서 배양시의 체외성숙율과 수정율에 비해 높았다. 8. 1$\times$10 6 /ml의 난구세포를 첨가한 배양액에서 배양했을때의 난포란의 체외성숙율과 수정율은 각각 76.5%와 61.7%로서 FCS 10%와 1$\times$10 4 -10 5/ml 와 1 $\times$10 8/ml난구세포를 첨가한 배양액에서 배양시의 체외성숙율과 수정율에 비해 높았다.