• Title/Summary/Keyword: 소아청소년

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Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Cancer (소아청소년 암환자의 삶의 질)

  • Lee, Jung-Won;Han, Ji-Eun;Park, Ho-Ran
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: This study was done to provide basic data for developing nursing interventions to enhance quality of life of pediatric patients with cancer (children and adolescents) by examining the quality of life and related factors. Methods: Participants were 134; 67 pediatric patients and 67 parents. The PedsQL$^{TM}$ 3.0 Cancer Module was employed to measure quality of life in the participants. The related factors included general and clinical characteristics of the participants. Results: Mean score for quality of life in the patients was 75.07, and mean score for patient quality of life as perceived by their parents was 64.40. Among the quality of life subscales, treatment anxiety had the highest score whereas nausea had the lowest score. Mean score in adolescent patients (13-18 years of age) was 71.62, lower than the 78.04 for child patients (8-12 years of age). Regarding general and clinical characteristics of the participants, there were no significant differences in the scores. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is difference in perception of quality of life between patients and their parents, and between children and adolescents and these differences should be taken into account when planning and providing nursing care.

Therapeutics in the Treatment of COVID-19 for Children and Adolescents (소아청소년 코로나바이러스감염증-19의 치료: 치료 약제를 중심으로)

  • Choi, Soo-Han;Choi, Jae Hong;Yun, Ki Wook
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2022
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents as a mild-to-moderate respiratory illness in most children. However, a small proportion of children with COVID-19 develop severe or critical illnesses. Although pediatric clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 are sparse, some drugs are available for children and adolescents with severe COVID-19. This review summarizes clinical data focusing on antiviral agents and immunomodulators for use in treating COVID-19. In addition, current recommendations for therapeutics for children and adolescents with COVID-19 are discussed.

Etiology and Risk Factors of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea (국내 코로나19 판데믹 기간 발생한 입원을 요하는 소아청소년 지역사회폐렴의 원인과 위험 인자)

  • Hae Min Kang;Seung Ha Song;Bin Ahn;Ji Young Park;Hyunmi Kang;Byung Ok Kwak;Dong Hyun Kim;Joon Kee Lee;Soo-Han Choi ;Jae Hong Choi;Eun Hwa Choi;Ki Wook Yun
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.20-32
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: This study aimed to identify the etiology and risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization in Korean children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Clinical information of children admitted with CAP to Seoul National University Children's Hospital (SNUCH) between January 1, 2021, and February 28, 2022, was retrospectively collected and analyzed. In addition, the etiologic diagnosis and demographic data of children with CAP who were discharged at the other seven hospitals between January and February 2022 were collected. Pneumonia was diagnosed using strict criteria comprising clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, and chest radiographic findings. Results: Among 91 children hospitalized with CAP at SNUCH during the 14-month period, 68.4% were aged <5 years and 79.1% had underlying diseases. Among the 95 CAP cases, respiratory assistance was required in 70.5%, and the use of a ventilator was required in 20.0%. A total of five patients expired, all of whom were either immunocompromised or had underlying neurological diseases. Neurological diseases and immunosuppression were significantly correlated with respiratory assistance (P=0.003) and death (P=0.014). A total of 55% of the detected respiratory pathogens were viruses, the most common of which was rhinovirus at 35.9%. Among the 169 children hospitalized for CAP at the eight institutions, ≥1 respiratory virus was detected in 92.3%, among which respiratory syncytial virus (79.8%) was the most prevalent. Conclusions: Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean children were hospitalized with CAP caused by seasonal respiratory viral pathogens. Although atypical and pyogenic bacteria were not detected, continuous clinical monitoring and further prospective studies should be conducted.

NEW DRUG THERAPY IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS (소아청소년 정신과 영역에서의 새로운 약물치료 ; 비정형 항정신병약물)

  • Bahn, Geon-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.26-35
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    • 2003
  • Conventional antipsychotics are commonly used to treat children and adolescents suffered from schizophrenia to other neuropsychiatric conditions. Regrettably, studies for typical antipsychotics report high rates of sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and extrapyramidal side effects. Over the past few years, atypical antipsychotics have been prescribed for use in adults with psychotic symptoms. Child psychiatrists have begun using these drugs to children and adolescents hoping safe and better alternatives to the conventional antipsychotics. However, there is not enough short-term and almost no long-term data about atypical antipsychotics for pediatric patients. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review what is known about the use of the atypical antipsychotics in young patients. To do so, an appropriate approach to the use of these drugs in child and adolescent patients my be offered.

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Obesity Prevalence in Pediatric Headaches (소아청소년 두통 환자에서 비만 유병률)

  • Han, A-Luem;Shin, Chan Ok;Cho, Kyoung Soon;Bin, Joong Hyun;Jung, Min Ho;Suh, Byung-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.263-268
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: Obesity and headache are two highly prevalent diseases both in childhood and adolescent. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of obesity in pediatric headaches patients in a single institution in Korea, and differences according to age, sex, headache type, frequency, intensity, and disability. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 340 subjects (6-18 years of age) who visited the Pediatric Headache Clinic of Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital during the period from January 2015 through March 2018. Data on age, sex, height and weight, as well as headache type, frequency, intensity and disability, were collected. Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile was calculated based on the 2017 Korean Children Adolescence Growth Chart. Results: 17.6% of the pediatric headache patients were obese. The prevalence of obesity in male patients was higher than females (Male 23.8% VS Female 11.6%, P=0.002). There were no significant differences in obesity rate according to age, headache type, frequency, intensity, and disability. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric headache population was 17.6% which is higher than 10.1% in general population (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, KNHANES, 2013).

Pyogenic Spondylitis Caused by Nontyphoidal Salmonella in an Immunocompetent Child (정상 면역 소아에서 발생한 비장티푸스 살모넬라 화농성 척추염)

  • Baek, Jee Yeon;Shin, Jehee;Lim, Sungmin;Kang, Ji-Man;Ahn, Jong Gyun
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.160-167
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    • 2021
  • Pyogenic spondylitis, an extremely rare complication of nontyphoidal Salmonella infection in immunocompetent children, occurs more commonly in patients with hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease or in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we report a case of pyogenic spondylitis in a previously healthy 13-year-old immunocompetent adolescent, who presented with prolonged fever and right upper quadrant pain. Stool culture results comfirmed nontyphoidal Salmonella infection, and the patient was diagnosed with pyogenic spondylitis caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella based on additional imaging studies performed for evaluation of the patient's prolonged fever. This case highlights the importance of culture studies for evaluation of patients with fever of unknown origin and also the importance of detailed investigations for early detection of complications of extra-intestinal infections in patients with an unusual clinical course of salmonellosis.

Severe Anemia Caused by Parvovirus B19 Infection in Two Pediatric Kidney Transplantation Recipients (소아 신장이식 환자에서 발생한 파르보바이러스 B19에 의한 심한 빈혈에 대한 증례 보고 및 문헌 고찰)

  • Kim, Kyung-Ran;Park, Hwanhee;Kim, Doo Ri;Cho, Heeyeon;Lee, Sanghoon;Lee, Suk-Koo;Kim, Yae-Jean
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2021
  • Anemia commonly occurs in kidney transplantation (KT) recipients. Many factors such as viral infection, bleeding, erythropoietin deficiency, and immunosuppressants are the causes of chronic anemia in KT recipients. We report 2 cases who developed severe anemia caused by parvovirus B19 infection and were successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin in pediatric KT recipients.

KOREAN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY - A REVIEW OF THE PAST, THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE - (한국 소아 ${\cdot}$ 청소년정신의학 - 과거 ${\cdot}$ 현재 ${\cdot}$ 미래 -)

  • Hong, Kang-E
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.139-149
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    • 2003
  • Objectives:To review the history of the development and current status of Korean Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and to propose the future tasks at this 20th anniversary of Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Methods:Records and publications of Korean Academy, personal communications with senior members of the Academy, the author's recollections and memoirs. Results:Korean Child Psychiatry started with opening Child Psychiatry Clinic at Seoul National University Hospital in 1979 and establishing Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the same hospital in 1980. A Child Psychiatry Study Group was formed in 1983 and it transformed into Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in 1986. In the past 20 years, Korean child and adolescent psychiatry made an impressive progress and contributed significantly to the development of Korean medicine as well as to the establishment of child mental health service. There are 77 board-certified and 48 board-eligible child psychiatrists, and 18 child psychiatry fellows are in training as of 2003. Main forces of this successful introduction of child psychiatry are 1) 7 child psychiatry training centers at major university hospitals, 2) publication of Korean Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in 1990, 3) the establishment child psychiatry board certification system in 1996. Korean child psychiatry has extended its role in the international child psychiatry and took leadership in establishing Asian Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions(ASCAPAP). Conclusion:Korean child psychiatry has achieved a remarkable progress for the past 20 years and is currently producing 15 or more child psychiatry each year. However, there are needs of more active involvements in adolescent problems, more active consultation-liaison services at general hospitals as well as community mental health institutions. More school consultation and preventive educational services are desired. There is a urgent need of carrying out more empirical studies with strong scientific rigor. Korean Academy should pay attention and provide assistance to the development of child psychiatry service in other countries in Asia.

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National Patterns and Characteristics in Pediatric Dental Emergency Visits for Dental Conditions (치과를 주소로 응급실에 내원한 소아청소년의 특성과 경향성)

  • Seongeun, Mo;Myeongkwan, Jih;Jewoo, Lee;Jaegon, Kim;Yeonmi, Yang;Van Nhat Thang, Le;Daewoo, Lee
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.188-196
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate pediatric emergency department visits patterns and characteristics of children and adolescents under the age of 20 in South Korea from 2002 to 2015 due to dental conditions. This study used a stratified sample of approximately 1 million people from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database. The age, region, household income, and treatment cost were included for the patient characteristic analysis. Pediatric patients were compared to the adult group (over 20 years old). In children and adolescents, the rate of emergency department visits due to dental conditions was higher for traumatic conditions than for non-traumatic conditions. Children and adolescents with higher household income visited the emergency department more often than those with lower household income. The region with the highest number of children and adolescents visiting the emergency department for dental conditions was Busan (per 100,000 population). Although this study could not confirm the annual trend of children and adolescents' dental emergency visits due to the sample size limitation, the characteristics of children and adolescents' dental emergency visits were compared with those of adults using a stratified sample.

Epidemiology and Characteristics of Pediatric Respiratory Virus Infection From 2017 to 2019 Focusing on Human Coronavirus: A Retrospective Study of a Single Center in Northwestern Gyeonggi-do (인간 코로나 바이러스를 중심으로 2017-2019년 소아청소년 호흡기 바이러스 감염증의 역학 및 특성: 경기 북서부지역 단일기관의 후향적 연구)

  • Hyoungsuk Park;Kyoung Won Cho;Lindsey Yoojin Chung;Jong Min Kim;Jun Hyuk Song;Kwang Nam Kim
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.62-72
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: A change is expected in the pattern of respiratory viruses including human coronavirus (HCoV) after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Accordingly, identifying the distribution of respiratory viruses before the COVID-19 outbreak is necessary. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the results of samples of nasal swabs collected from children under aged ≤18 years who were hospitalized at Myongji Hospital, Gyeonggi-do due to acute respiratory infections from 2017 to 2019. Viruses were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Out of 3,557 total patients, 3,686 viruses were detected with RT-PCR including coinfections. Of the 3,557 patients, 2,797 (78.6%) were confirmed as PCR-positive. Adenovirus and human rhinovirus (hRV) were detected throughout the year, and human enterovirus was most detected during summer. Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and HCoV were prevalent in winter. In patients with croup, parainfluenza virus was most frequently detected, followed by hRV and HCoV. The PCR positive rate in summer and winter differed significantly. Conclusions: Respiratory virus patterns in northwestern Gyeonggi-do were not much different from previously reported data. The data reported herein regarding respiratory virus epidemiological information before the COVID-19 outbreak can be used for use in comparative studies of respiratory virus patterns after the COVID-19 outbreak.