• The Monthly Diabetes
• /
• s.66
• /
• pp.28-31
• /
• 1995

• 건강소식
• /
• v.28 no.11 s.312
• /
• pp.14-15
• /
• 2004

• 건강소식
• /
• v.22 no.10 s.239
• /
• pp.31-33
• /
• 1998

• 건강소식
• /
• v.30 no.5 s.330
• /
• pp.14-15
• /
• 2006

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.588-593
• /
• 2005

Purpose : Obesity is associated with disturbances of ventilatory functions in adults. But few studies have evaluated the pulmonary complications of obesity in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of obesity on pulmonary function and body composition in obese children. Methods : Forty seven obese children whose ages ranged from nine to twelve years were evaluated for their body composition(intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein mass, mineral mass, soft lean mass, fat mass, percent body fat, fat distribution) by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Hemoglobin, serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Pulmonary function test was performed by spirometer. Results : Intracellular fluid, protein mass, fat mass, percent body fat and fat distribution were significantly higher in severely obese children with an obesity index of more than 150 percent compared with those with an index of less than 150 percent. Peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR) was significantly lower in severely obese children with obesity index of more than 150 percent compared with those with less than 150 percent($241.7{\pm}14.6L/sec$ vs $276.8{\pm}64.3L/sec$). PEFR, forced expiratory flow 25 percent($FEF_{25}$), mid expiratory flow rate(MEFR), forced expiratory flow 50 percent($FEF_{50}$), forced expiratory volume in 1st second($FEV_1$) and forced vital capacity(FVC) were decreased in 37.0 percent, 14.8 percent, 14.8 percent, 11.1 percent, 3.7 percent and 3.7 percent of obese children, respectively. Conclusion : PEFR was significantly decreased in obese children. Pulmonary function test must be performed in severely obese children and more extended study is needed in other age groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.604-609
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Obesity in children and adolescence is highly correlated with adult obesity, which can provoke hypertension. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the blood pressure of obese children regularly. In this study, the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in obese children and adolescents were evaluated. Methods : ABPM was conducted for selected patients who visited Handong University Sunlin Hospital from Feb. 1, 2006 to Dec. 1, 2007. The patients were classified into 3 groups: group 1 was normal, group 2 had normal casual blood pressure and a body mass index over the 95th percentile, and group 3 had high casual blood pressure over 120/80 mm Hg and a body mass index over the 95th percentile. Systolic and diastolic 24-hour blood pressure was measured, including both day and night. Results : There were 49 patients in the study. The results showed a significant difference for average systolic blood pressure between the three groups ($105.1{\pm}4.7$, $111.0{\pm}7.1$, $117.8{\pm}6.6mmHg$, P<0.001), but for average diastolic blood pressure only between groups 1 and 3 ($69.1{\pm}5.3$, $77.9{\pm}6.3mmHg$, P=0.001). In the daytime, only groups 1 and 3 showed a statistically significant difference for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. During the night the systolic pressure of group 3 was significantly higher than the other groups, but the diastolic pressure of group 3 was only higher than that group 1. No statistical difference was found in night dips among the groups. Conclusion : Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents showed statistically higher blood pressure in obese patients with high casual blood pressure.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.12
• /
• pp.1310-1314
• /
• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in children from low-income families in Gunpo and to evaluate whether economic status affects the prevalence of obesity. Methods : Between October 2007 and March 2008, 341 children (167 girls and 174 boys; age, 6 to 13 years) were enrolled in this study. All these children came from families who earned minimum wages and who were supported by government. We measured height, weight, and blood pressure and performed laboratory examinations, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using weight and height. We compared the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in children from low-income families with the prevalence of these maladies found in other studies. Results : Prevalence of obesity ($BMI{\geq}95^{th}$) was 7.1%. Prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 8.2% and 16.7%, respectively. In the obese group, prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 25.0% and 45.8%, respectively. Obesity and hyperlipidemia were slightly more frequent in our study than those found in other reports, and the prevalence of hypertension in the obese group was very high compared with statistics from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (25% vs. 19.5%) and those from other reports. Conclusion : Low-income status was associated with an increased incidence of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Hypertension showed an especially strong association with economic status, which seemed to correlate with genetic, environmental, and dietary effects.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.335-340
• /
• 2010

Purpose : This study was designed to determine the effects of a school-based obesity-management program on obese primary school children. Methods : A total of 995 children (6-2 years old) in a primary school were screened in March 2008, and of those, 101 obese students (44 boys and 57 girls, body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}95$ percentile) were enrolled for a study group. The schoo-lbased, obesity management program, which includes physical exercise and nutritional education, was conducted as part of an extracurricular program for 12 weeks. The measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was performed before and after the program.Results : Height and weight increased significantly (P <0.05). The BMI and obesity index decreased significantly (P <0.01). Systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly (P <0.01). BMI decreased in 61.4% of boys and 66.7% of girls. Protein and basal metabolic rate (BMR) increased significantly on the BIA (P <0.01). Fat decreased significantly (P <0.05). The total body water (TBW) and percent body fat (PBF) decreased significantly (P <0.01). The changes in protein, fat, TBW, PBF, and BMR significantly correlated to the change in BMI (P <0.05). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, BMI change was significantly correlated to the changes in protein and fat content (P <0.01). Conclusion : The school-based obesity management program is a very effective way to manage obesity for obese primary school children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.576-583
• /
• 2008

Purpose : The identification of specific behaviors conducive to overeating or inactivity is the cornerstone of obesity management. The Committee on Nutrition of the Korean Pediatric Society developed parent and self-reporting questionnaires about eating behavior and physical activity in 2006. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the questionnaires in assessing modifiable lifestyle factors related to obesity. Methods : A retrospective chart review was performed for 177 children (6-11 years old) and 134 adolescents (12-16 years old) from 10 hospitals between May 2006 and January 2007 who had completed parent or self-reporting questionnaires. Cases were divided into normal and overweight groups at or above the age-gender-specific 85th percentile based on 2007 Korean national growth charts. Results : Compared to children, the adolescents tended to have a significantly more sedentary lifestvle and inappropriate dietary behaviors significantly (P<.05). Overweight mothers were significantly associated with overweight children and adolescents (P<.05). Being overweight was significantly associated with a family history of adult diseases for children and adolescents (P<.05). Inappropriate eating behaviors (strong appetite, eating fast, eating until they were full, binge eating, favoring greasy foods) were associated with being overweight in children and adolescents. Sedentary activity such as TV viewing and using a computer were significantly associated with overweight in children and adolescents (P<.05). Conclusion : Intervention to modify obesity-related lifestyle factors is needed before adolescence. These questionnaires are useful in identifying modifiable lifestyle factors and in individual counseling for overweight children and adolescents in pediatric clinics.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2006

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate as to whether obesity have any effects on conscious sedation outcomes. Methods : Forty children (mean age 30.5 months, mean height and weight were 91.3cm, 14.3kg respectively) were sedated with chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (25mg). The relative obesity rate of the patients was obtained by the proportion of height to weight and the tonsil size of the patients was classified by Brodsky's scale. The overall sedation outcomes were evaluated by Houpt's scale. The pulse and respiratory rates during sedation were also evaluated. Results: The obesity of the patients had no statistically significant effects on movement, crying during sedation. However, an increase in obesity had negative effects on the overall conscious sedation outcomes. Conclusion: This investigation demonstrated that increased obesity may cause detrimental effects on pediatric conscious sedation outcomes.