• The Journal of Aerospace Industry
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• s.66
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• pp.1-16
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• 2003

전 세계적으로 항공시간 전략적 제휴가 확대되고 있는 가운데 우리나라의 국적항공사들도 2001년 대한항공이 SkyTeam에 가입하였고, 2003년 아시아나 항공이 Star에 가입하였다. 그러나 국내에서 독점금지예외조항이 없어 양 항공사가 전략적 제휴 그룹 내에서 일부 활동에 제약을 받고 있는 것으로 추정된다. 미국은 항공자유화 정책의 확대 추진 전략에 따라 미국 항공사들이 외국항공사들과 전략적 제휴를 맺는 경우, 자국의 시장에서 독점금지법 조항을 면제시켜주는 제도를 실시하고 있다. 이제도로 인하여 외국 항공사들과 폭 넓은 협력 관계를 유도하고 경쟁력 있는 항공운송산업을 이끌어 가고 있다. 본 연구는 미국의 독점금지예외(ATI ; Anti-Trust Immunity)에 대한 분석을 통해 국내환경에 적용 가능한지를 살펴보고자 한다. 과거 우리 정부는 경제성장을 위해 소비자로부터 생산자에게로 경제 잉여를 집중시키는 정책을 취하였다. 개발연대 동안 우리 기업은 정부의 정책 및 제도의 도움으로 또는 묵인 하에 국내시장에서 독과점적 지위를 유지하곤 하였다. 그러나 80년대에 접어들면서 “독점규제 및 공정거래에 관한 법률”과 공정거래위원회의 발족으로 시장구조를 경쟁적으로 만들고, 소비자 후생을 증대 시키는 정책목표가 보다 중요시 되고 있다. 그러나 미국에서도 소비자 후생을 증대 시키는 정책목표가 보다 중요시 되고 있다. 그러나 미국에서도 소비자 후생과 시장구조를 경쟁적으로 만들기 위해 제정된 독점금지법의 과도한 적용이 오히려 소비자 후생을 희생시킨다는 지적이 제기되고 있다. 또한 최근의 마이크로소프트사의 판례를 통해서도 나타났듯이 우월한 효율성과 규모의 경제에 의한 독점력은 인정되어야 한다는 추세이다. 이러한 관점에서 국내항공사가 외국의 항공사와 전략적 제휴를 맺어 효율성을 유지하고 규모의 경제성을 가지므로 인하여 지닐 수 있는 경쟁력은 국내의 항공운송삼업의 육성차원에서 지원이 되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 향후 정부는 국제항공정책에 대한 장기적인 비젼과 함께 국내 항공법에 독점금지예외조항을 도입할 필요가 있다고 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.134-140
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• 2008

A switch in congestion management nile in an electricity market may have positive or negative impact on the surplus of a market participant. As a number of wholesale electricity markets around the world either have already adopted or plan to implement Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) for energy and congestion management, it is necessary to study the economic impact of a change in congestion management in the Korean electricity market. However, the impact of congestion management on consumer costs and generator surplus has not been studied for the electricity market in Korea. This paper examines how a change in congestion management affects consumer costs and generator surplus in the Korean electricity market.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.295-315
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• 2005

The mobile telecommunication service industry plays major role of the realization to the perfect information society in the 21st century and has a great influence in society and culture. The government has enticed the mobile company to keep up to make the mobile service fee low. In this situation, this paper estimates consumer surplus and price elasticity with on-line survey data from the consumer of mobile service. The total estimated consumer surplus of the market is reached to 6.43trillion won. The consumer surplus from SKT is estimated to 4.98trillion won and 1.66trillion won and 0.67trillion won was made by KTF and LGT respectively. The result also shows that consumer surplus is expected to be increased by the increase of the mobile service demand and the sales.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.311-342
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• 2015

We evaluate two main rationales of massive policy intervention of Lee Administration in the Korean transportation fuel market: high market share of domestic refineries, perceived by the Administration as the result of high market concentration, and asymmetry in price adjustment, perceived as the result of collusion. Domestic refineries, huge in capacity and located at seaports, maintain international competitiveness in price. Considering market openness offering preferential treatment to importers, they set domestic prices competitively on the basis of MOPS prices. Yet, the price competitiveness of domestic refineries is so high that they are able to sustain high market share. We confirm that the Korean before-tax consumer prices of gasoline and diesel are lower than Japan's and the weighted averages of 27 EU countries by as much as 159KRW and 21KRW per liter in the case of gasoline and 170KRW and 63KRW in the case of diesel. Price asymmetry is caused by diverse economic and managerial reasons and, as FTC (2005) states, price asymmetry does not immediately imply exercise of market power or collusion. We analyzed price asymmetry in Korea, Japan and 14 EU countries, and found asymmetry in Korea and 11 EU countries in the case of gasoline and in Korea and 8 EU countries in the case of diesel.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

The proliferation of distributed power sources such as renewable energy sources drives the changes of consumers to prosumers who actively want to deal with energy. The prosumer is a new type of consumer that can sell surplus energy or additionally generated energy to electric power companies, other energy service providers, or other consumers. To implement such a concept, a new technology and platform that can support the transaction of the prosumers are required. However, the study in the area is limited since it is in the early stage. This work examines the state-of-the-art transaction-based energy management technology through comparative analysis of representative technologies to show the future trends. Although, technologies and standards for transaction based energy are not much matured yet. related new research will be continued via competitions.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2016

The success or failure of aquaculture heavily depends on how effectively to manage aquatic animal diseases. The paper is to estimate the direct effects of economic benefits on aquatic animal disease prevention program using economic surplus analysis. The economic benefits include changes in consumer and producer surplus owing to a reduction effect of aquatic animal mortality and the consumption recovery effect. The annual changes in producer surplus for flounder, rockfish and others cultured is estimated as 2.33 billion won totally (0.87 billion won, 1.01 billion won and 0.45 billion won respectively) and the annual changes in consumer surplus 10.15 billion won totally (6.36 billion won, 1.85 billion won and 1.94 billion won respectively). Therefore, total annual economic benefit is 12.5 billion won.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 2004

As part of the ongoing global process of airlines forming strategic alliances, Korean Air has become a member of the SkyTeam Alliance, while Asiana has joined the Star Alliance. However, as something akin to the Anti-Trust Immunity(ATI) initiative has not been ratified domestically, these two airlines have seen their roles within these strategic alliances significantly reduced. In keeping with its domestic airline liberalization policy the U.S. government has instituted a mechanism through which foreign airlines that join such strategic alliances with their American counterparts can be exempt from the U.S. antimonopoly law. As a result, U.S. airlines have been able to forge wide ranging cooperative relations with foreign airlines, and thus increased their competitiveness within the air transport industry. This study analyzes the applicability of this Anti-Trust Immunity initiative to the domestic environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.121-128
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• 2007

This paper suggests a way of estimating the value of interclass equity improvement by railway operations. Equity is understood in this paper in the context of a mobility gap between classes. The value of the reduced mobility gap by railway operations is interpreted as an increase of social equity. In particular, the unit value of equity improvement by rail services is quantified based on the amount of fare reduction through public service obligations. The difference in the surplus calculation between elastic and inelastic demands relative to the reduction is also discussed. The result of this study is expected to be helpful of performing more cautious appraisal for rail investment schemes.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2008

This paper aims at estimating consumer surplus for recreational sea fishing in Tongyeong coastal area using individual travel cost method. A Poisson model (PM), a negative binomial model (NBM), a truncated Poisson model (TPM), and a truncated negative binomial model (TNBM) are applied for individual travel cost method in order to account characteristics of count data (non-negative discrete data.) The survey was conducted for 462 inshore anglers using personal interview method in Tongyeong during July and October 2007. Respondents were asked about how often they do fishing, travel costs, catch, income, and so on. Because of over-dispersion problem in PM and TPM, NBM and TNBM were considered to be more appropriate statistically. All parameters estimated are statistically significant and theoretically valid. As the results based on TNBM, consumer surplus per trip was estimated to be 183,486 won, total consumer surplus per person and per year 3,399,658 won, and the marginal effect of consumer surplus on % changes in catch rate is 185,372 won.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.915-961
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• 2010

This study is concerned with health damages from $SO_2$ under different assumptions on the relationship between air concentrations and their marginal health impacts. $SO_2$ concentration profiles resulting under emission caps, and a system of tradable emission allowances are compared. Using slopes and curvatures of the health response function consistent with evidence in medical literature, emission caps are shown to lead to lower aggregate damages under all considered parameters, an advantage of $26~452 million. The benefit of emission caps over tradable allowances increases with the curvature of the response function, but falls with its slope. The advantage of emission caps in terms of environmental damages is never overturned completely for the considered functional forms. The marginal damage function would have to be steeper than what the current medical evidence suggests for price instruments to outperform emission caps in terms of aggregate damages. With other welfare consequences included-emission abatement costs, consumer and producer surpluses, and government revenue-emission caps always lead to a $3.7~4.1 billion greater measure of social welfare.