• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.223-232
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the trend of research articles for the age of youth at 20s during 10 years through topic modeling and keyword network analysis. In results, 'incomes', 'program', 'business start-up', and 'culture' were selected as main keywords, and the research articles were classified into six topics, which were employment support services, values, unstable life, government support policies, religious views, and business start-up support services. Additionally, we found the youth at 20s had higher rate of efficacy for digital technology, pursued efficient consumption of digital information, showed meaningful and athetical patterns of consumption, tried to search for their identity, and showed realistic action in daily. Finally, we raised some questions for value gap among aging groups, inbalance of regional development, and income inequality and suggested long-term youth policies to solve fundamental problems of youth at 20s.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.443-470
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• 2003

This study is to consider economic, political, socio-cultural and environmental characteristics of the new urbanization process and its spatial structures and urban policy of Seoul in the 1990s. Some experimental findings which have been identified throughout this study can be summarized as follows. First of all, Seoul, the largest city in S.Korea has experienced a restructuring process of economy, which has been promoted by the development of producer services as well as knowledge- based or high tech industries. Secondly, the autonomy of Seoul has increased after the introduction of local self-government, with relatively higher self-management of local finance than other cities, strengthening the tendency of enterpreneurialism, empowering civil movements, and increasing the political participation of women. Thirdly, in the socio-cultural aspect, the material wants to gain a certain identity through consumption, using urban environments culturally, varying consuming attitudes and ways of leisure times in relation with the rapid development of transportation and information communication. Fourthly, in the environmental aspect, Seoul has tried to introduce the concept of sustainable development in terms of increasing wants on the quality of life, and to develop a pro-environmental eco-city with environmental rehabilitation, constructing green space and eco-park. Finally, in the spatial dimension, Seoul has shown a structuration of multi-centers, with highly spectacular urban landscapes and seemingly authentic urban planning. These results make us confirm that Seoul has been in the process of new urbanization which can be distinguished from the previous one.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1125-1137
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• 2014

This paper studies what affects the private education cost for the elementary, middle, and high school students. It is a big issue now because there can be a problem in the equal opportunity for education if the portion of private education cost is very high in the total education cost. If we spend more time and money on the private education than the school education, it can cause the polarization among the classes and regions. The excessive private education also can deteriorate the school system. we use various regression and classification methods to analyze the cost of private education and find the important variables in the models. we found that large cities spend more money on the private education than small cities. We also found that high school students spend more than middle school students and the elementary students and the household with more income spend more money on the private education.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2016

Environmental degradation and economic bipolarization have become major issues as the aftermath of the globalizing capitalism. Commons have received attention as an alternative to capitalistic use of resources. The most representative is the neo-institutionalist approach where Elinor Ostrom's study summarizes fundamental principles of common resource management. Maria Mies also insists that co-relationship in a community is the most essential to manage common resource successful. In a similar vein, this study attempts to prove that common resource management can create solutions to socioeconomic problems and ways to prevent resource scarcities in the future. Jeju-Haenyeo community is chosen as a successful case to be examined based on the fundamental principles of commons and community. Qualitative surveys have preceded for Jeju-Haenyeo to elaborate and extend the aspects of common resource use and management. This study can bring a positive influence on understanding the Jeju-Haenyeo community and other common resources management institutions.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 2023

This study reviews prior studies on the residential environment characteristics, residential satisfaction, residential ownership consciousness and housing movement of MZ generation and analyze the structural equation models using the 2020 Korea Housing Survey data. Using 14 residential characteristics based on three classifications, we explore the effects on residential satisfaction, residential ownership consciousness, and housing movement. The empirical results are summarized as follows. First, based on factor analysis with Varimax of principal component analysis, parking facility items were excluded from the analysis by hindering validity, and as a result, KMO was 0.925 and Bartlett's test result showed a significant probability of less than 0.01. This indicates that the factor analysis model was suitable. Second, the results of the structural equation analysis for the MZ generation show that the surrounding environment, which is a potential variable of the residential environment characteristics, was statistically significant, but the accessibility and convenience were not statistically significant. Third, we find that the higher the satisfaction with the accessibility of commercial facilities, the more significant the sense of housing ownership appears. This suggests that the younger generation such as the MZ generation has a stronger desire for consumption. Fourth, the overall housing satisfaction of the MZ generation was significant for housing movement, but not for housing ownership. Compared to the industrialized generation, the baby boom generation, and the X generation, MZ generation shows distinct factors for housing satisfaction, housing ownership, and housing movement. Therefore, the residential environment characteristics of the residential survey should be improved and supplemented following the trend of the times. In addition, the government and local governments should prioritize actively participating in the housing market that suits the environment and characteristics of the target generation. Finally, our study provides implications regarding the need for housing-related research on how differ in special temporal situations such as COVID-19 in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 2011

As global economic conditions are getting uneasy and polarization of our economy is intensified, the economic sentiment of small businesses is still low and unstable. The collapse of worldwide banking systems due to sub prime crisis in 2007 became the catalyst that shakes financial industries in each country in the world; the most sentiment people, small businesspersons, also have hard time facing survival way out, facing a great crisis. All organizing powers including manufactures, wholesales and retails are being gradually greater in mutual relations and dependence, and unstable factors about risks are also increasing. For exterior environmental and physical risk factors which cannot make small businesses survive themselves by developing ways out are eventually increasing, those who cannot cope with these factors face a great crisis. Although the government tries hard to overcome this situation conducting many ways, the effect does not continue. It is the real state that independent business markets including overall employment and establishing business have vicious cycle that they cannot be improved, due to increase of employment centered on short-term labors which lack durability in creation of employment and decline of household income. Recently, growth shows indication of slowdown because of multinational risk factors including financial crisis in each country in Europe, the death of Kim Jung-il, relationship with North Korea, and unstability of war situation in the Middle East Asia. Experts expect that growth rate will be about 4%, and independent business that ordinary people feel is still gloomy. It's reality that there is no adequate alternative for lack of jobs, unstable employment and a means of living after retirement. Also, the fact that large companies enter the market which is narrow and in the excessive competition should be an environmental factor that makes the situation worse. The business concept, a franchise, is the part we should think about whether it is the institutional solution that can guarantee independent businessmen stable life. Major companies are frightfully entering the market today, breaking the barrier to entry and shouting of a win-win with independent businesses. It's the small businesspersons who go through painful domestic recession, cannot predict the future and manage confusing and unstable independent business. It's very important to restore the domestic economy through wisely boosting consumption as soon as possible. It's also important to lead the situation by gathering powers of the government and related organizations, agonizing, suggesting solutions, and establishing accurate directions. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to suggest ways to strengthen competitiveness of small businesspersons by examining small business support policies which are currently implemented.