• Title/Summary/Keyword: 소비수준

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A Study on the Security Threat Response in Smart Integrated Platforms (스마트 통합플랫폼 보안위협과 대응방안 연구)

  • Seung Jae Yoo
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.129-134
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    • 2022
  • A smart platform is defined as an evolved platform that realizes physical and virtual space into a hyper-connected environment by combining the existing platform and advanced IT technology. The hyper-connection that is the connection between information and information, infrastructure and infrastructure, infrastructure and information, or space and service, enables the realization and provision of high-quality services that significantly change the quality of life and environment of users. In addition, it is providing everyone with the effect of significantly improving the social safety net and personal health management level by implementing smart government and smart healthcare. A lot of information produced and consumed in these processes can act as a factor threatening the basic rights of the public and individuals by the informations themselves or through big data analysis. In particular, as the smart platform as a core function that forms the ecosystem of a smart city is naturally and continuously expanded, it faces a huge security burden in data processing and network operation. In this paper, platform components as core functions of smart city and appropriate security threats and countermeasures are studied.

Evaluation of Caffeine Contents in Major Flower and Leaf Teas (주요 꽃차 및 잎차의 카페인 함량 평가)

  • Kanphassorn Wimonmuang;Young-Sang Lee;Seung-Young OH;Suk-Keun Park
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2020.08a
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    • pp.104-104
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    • 2020
  • 꼭두서니과 커피속 식물의주요 2차대사산물인 카페인은 커피나무, 카카오, 차나무 등에서 관찰되는 알칼로이드 화합물로 다른 식물의 발아 억제, 살충 기능이 알려져 있다. 인체에 있어 카페인은 각성효과가 있어 수면 장애나 불안을 유발할 수 있으며 섭취를 중단 시 졸음, 두통 등 금단 증상을 나타나기도 한다. 최근 다양한 식물 종과 부위를 이용한 차 문화가 확산되고 있는 바, 본 연구는 시중에서 판매되고 있는 커피 2종류과 녹차 2종류를 비롯하여 꽃차 37종류, 잎차 15종류, 씨앗차 2종류, 열매차 1종류 및 뿌리차 2종류를 대상으로 메탄올 추출 후 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry를 이용하여 카페인 함량에 대한 정성, 정량 분석을 수행하였다. 대조로 사용된 시판 커피 2개사 제품은 각각 1.18 mg/g, 35.94 mg/g의 caffeine 함량을 나타냈으며 시판 녹차 티백 제품 2종은 1.3 mg/g, 3.42 mg/g의 함량을 나타내었다. 조사된 37종의 꽃차 중에는 차나무 꽃차에서만 1.50 mg/g 수준의 caffeine이 검출되었을 뿐 국내 소비가 확대되고 있는 구절초, 국화, 금계국, 금목서, 금어초, 금잔화, 노랑코스모스, 당아욱, 도라지, 동백나무, 뚱딴지, 라벤다, 마리골드(노랑), 마리골드(주황), 매화, 맨드라미, 무궁화, 백목련, 벚나무, 복사나무, 비단향꽃무, 생강나무, 수레국화, 아까시나무, 연꽃, 유채, 작약, 장미, 진달래, 천일홍, 캐모마일, 패랭이꽃, 팬지, 해당화, 홍화, 히비스커스 등 36종에서는 카페인이 검출되지 않았다. 잎차의 경우 레몬그라스, 레몬밤, 로즈마리, 뽕나무, 세인트존스워트, 스테비아, 쑥, 애플민트, 연잎, 적양배추, 조릿대, 차수국, 티트리, 파인애플민트, 페퍼민트 등 평가된 15종류 모두에서 카페인이 검출되지 않았으며, 씨앗차인 펜넬 및 작두콩, 열매차인 진피차, 뿌리차인 자색당근과 비트차에서 역시 카페인이 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과에 기초할 때, 시판되는 다양한 식물 종과 부위를 이용한 차의 경우 대부분 caffeine을 함유하지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

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A study on how to build a successful education platform business model based on customer needs and wants : focusing on the business model canvas (고객 욕구 기반 성공적인 교육 플랫폼 비즈니스 모델 구축 방안에 관한 연구 : 비즈니스 모델 캔버스 중심으로)

  • Heedong Hong
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.451-459
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    • 2024
  • Recently, the size of the online education service market has been growing, but the B2C platform education service market, where companies take the lead in creating content and consumers consume the content, has become widespread. This makes content creation rigid and may have limitations in creating at various levels. This Study newly establishes the concept and type of customer needs, wants, innovation, and platform business, and presents new start-up success factors in all fields of platform business start-up and a standard diagnostic process for the possibility of platform start-up success. Through the presented process, customers, core activities, and value proposition factors can be derived. Finally, a business model for starting a C2C platform for elementary, middle, and high school education is built centered on the business model canvas.

A Study on the Calculation of GHG Emission for Domestic Railroad Transport based on IPCC Guideline (IPCC 가이드라인을 이용한 국내 철도수송에 따른 온실가스 배출량 산정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-Young;Kim, Yong-Ki;Lee, Cheul-Kyu;Rhee, Young-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.408-412
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    • 2012
  • Recently, new climate change mechanism after 2020 year has been accepted with the parties, and so government is pushing ahead the GHG reduction policies to achieve the effective results. Especially, it is essential to enhance the role of railroad in the public traffic system as well as to develop new cars with high energy efficiency for the GHG reduction of transportation sector. Thus, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad should be established to manage the emission continuously. In this study, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad was defined with Tier level considering its emission sources to refer to 2006 IPCC guideline for national GHG inventories. Also, the GHG emission of railroad at Tier 1 level was investigated using the activity data related to the amount of diesel and electricity consumption from 2008 to 2010. As a result, total GHG emission in 2010 was about 2,060 thousands ton CO2e, which have 73% of electricity and 27% of diesel. In future, the plans on the GHG reduction of railroad will be accomplished by the analysis of the detailed trends on the basis of the emission management of Tier 3 level under operating patterns. Therefore, it is important to develop the specific GHG emission factors of railroad in advance.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Emissions Reduction (배기(排氣)가스 배출억제(排出抑制)의 비용(費用)-수익분석(收益分析))

  • Lee, Hong-gue
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.61-87
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    • 1992
  • Reducing the level of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to mitigate global warming. One of the most feasible methods to reduce emissions would be to conserve energy and substitute fossil fuels. Yet reducing emissions entails huge financial costs, so it is advisable to employ cost-effective economic instruments such as a carbon tax or tradeable emissions permits. Assuming that the proper economic tools will be used in the future, we calculated the optimal level of emissions reduction for Korea. We applied to our cost-benefit analysis Nordhaus' scenario regarding the economic damage from a $3^{\circ}C$ rise in global temperatures, which is the calculated result when the greenhouse gas level doubles. The result of our analysis based on the 1990 data indicates that the optimal level of emissions reduction ranges from 2% to 15 % of current emissions depending on the value of damage parameters. We also found that the amount of emissions must be reduced will increase if action is postponed, when the development of climate engineering technology or more efficient use of energy is expected. In addition, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the economic instruments available to implement emissions reduction. Tradeable permits and carbon tax are equivalent in their cost-effectiveness, but have different implications in practice.

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Biogas Production Performance according to the Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Contents (포화·불포화 지방산 함량에 따른 바이오가스 생산 성능)

  • Kim, Soo Ah;Pang, Yeon Gyu;Kim, Sang Hun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2017.04a
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    • pp.127-127
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    • 2017
  • 우리나라 음식물 폐기물은 수분함량 및 유기물 함량이 높기 때문에 부패와 악취, 침출수의 원인이 된다. 하지만 이를 혐기 소화 처리한다면 구성성분에 따라 60-80%가 생분해되어(한국유기성폐자원학회, 2001) 친환경적으로 처리가능하고, 혐기소화 결과물로 발생한 메탄가스를 대체에너지로 사용할 수 있어 유기물을 효과적으로 처리할 수 있다. 그러나 유기성 폐기물은 계절 및 지역에 따라 구성성분의 비가 다르며, 성분 중 지방 함량이 많을 때 바이오가스 생산이 지연되어 생산효율 감소의 주된 원인이 된다(Kafle and Kim, 2013). 전국음식물 폐기물 중 지방함량이 높은 어육류의 발생량은 3차 조사(환경부, 2008)에 비해 2배 이상 증가하였고, 향후 음식 섭취의 서구화로 인한 육류 소비가 증가할 것으로 예상된다(환경부, 2013). 따라서 본 연구는 지방함량이 높은 유기물의 효율적 처리를 위해 지방산 종류에 따라 포화 불포화 지방산을 포함하는 부산물의 혐기소화 능력 및 바이오가스 생산 성능을 구명하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구 결과, 불포화 지방산 함량이 높은 수준인 부산물의 바이오가스는 629.96-749.14 mL/g VS 이며, 포화 지방산 함량이 높은 수준의 부산물은 560.18-715.43 mL/g VS 였다. 불포화 지방산 함량이 25.31%-46.26%로 많아질수록 초기 순응기간은 13일에서 25일로 증가하였고, 총 바이오가스 생산량의 90%가 생산되는 기간인 T90은 57일에서 72일로 증가하여 바이오가스 생산 속도가 감소한 것으로 판단된다. 포화 지방산은 함량이 24.10-48.74%로 증가할수록 초기 순응기간의 변화는 없었고, T90은 69일에서 62일로 감소하였다. 또한 불포화 지방산이 많은 유기물은 모두 바이오가스 생산 과정에서 2단계의 지연현상을 보였지만, 포화지방산은 함량이 증가하여도 1단계의 지연현상을 보였다. 이러한 차이는 두 지방산에 관여하는 미생물의 차이(Diana, 2007)와 불포화 지방산의 굴곡된 형태가 지방산과 미생물이 상호 작용 방식에 악영향 미치기 때문으로 판단된다(Diana, 2013). 결론적으로, 두 지방산의 소화 방식은 차이가 있으며, 불포화 지방산 함량이 많은 유기물은 탄수화물 함량이 많은 유기물을 10% 이상 혼합하여 지연상을 감소시킬수 있다(Kim, 2017). 포화 지방산 함량이 많은 유기물은 초기 지연 현상 해결을 위한 연구가 추가적으로 요구된다.

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Effects of Cooking, Reheating Methods and Storage Conditions on the Thiamin Content in ′Nuhbiani′ (조리 방법 및 저장 조건이 ′너비아니′의 티아민 보유량에 미치는 영향)

  • 김희섭
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.434-439
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    • 1997
  • The changes in thiamin content of an experimental product, 'Nuhbiani' were measured at the end of the process of simulated home prepared precook/storage/reheat system. The retention of thiamin in Nuhbiani after reheating by pan or microwave were compared. Statistical analyses indicated that there were no significant differences in thiamin contents due to the method of precooking and reheating. However, there were significant thiamin losses due to the storage period but no differences between the storage conditions. There were significant thiamin losses after 7 days of refrigeration (p < .05). The points causing significant thiamin losses in food product flow were precooking and 7 days of refrigerated storage.

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Evaluating Quality of Fertilizer Manufactured (livestock manure compost) with Different Sources in Korea (우리나라 퇴비의 축종별 성분함량 실태 평가)

  • Nam, Yi;Yong, Seok-Ho;Song, Kyoung-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.644-649
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    • 2010
  • The main objective of this research was to evaluate physicochemical properties of commercially available fertilizer manufactured with different sources (swine, cattle, poultry, and mixed manure) in Korea. Results of this research showed that average content of organics was ranged 39.11-40.78% depending on different sources with the highest value in swine manure. Average water contents in fertilizer was ordered swine > cattle > mixed > poultry, and ranged 37.00-42.16%. Total of 8 heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) were investigated and no significant difference was observed for average concentration of heavy metals depending on different sources except Zn and Cu. For both heavy metals, fertilizer manufactured with swine manure showed higher concentration (346.34 mg/kg for Zn and 117.00 mg $kg^{-1}$ for Cu) than other fertilizers mainly due to feed contents. More long term monitoring would be necessary to make best management practice for commercially available fertilizer in Korea.

Effect of Fertilizer N Application and Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna) Inoculation on Symbiotic N2 Fixation of Peanut at Newly Reclaimed Soil (신개간지(新開墾地)에서 질소시비(窒素施肥)와 근류균(根瘤菌) 접종(接種)이 땅콩의 질소고정(窒素固定)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Lee, Sang-Bok;Cho, Youn-Hee;Kim, Moo-Ki;Park, Kyu-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.220-226
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    • 1990
  • This experiment was carried out to study the effects of Bradyrhizobium moculation and fertilizer N application on symbiotc $N_2$ fixation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Younghotangkong) at newly reclaimed soil. Treatments consisting of B. sp. (Vigna) HCR-3 and HCR-46 with control and five levels of nitrogen (0, 4, 8, 16, 32kg/10a) were arranged with split design of four repetitions. The results obtained were as follows. The number of viable Bradyrhizobium in rhizosphere was decreased to 20 days after sowing and thereafter it was remarkably increased, until full ripe stage of pods, decreased as fertilizern rates increased. Nodulation and nitrogenase activity were reduced with increasing levels of fertilizer, whereas top dry matter and nitrogen accumulation where increased. Seed yield of Bradyhizobium inoculation under the fertilizer N zero level was similar to that N : 8kg/10a under uninoculation. It suggested that Bradyrhizobium inoculation could replace the effect of nitrogen application.

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Optimum Recovery of Biogas from Pig Slurry with Different Compositions (돈분 슬러리 성상에 따른 최적 바이오가스 회수)

  • Park, Woo-Kyun;Jun, Hang-Bae;Kwon, Soon-Ik;Chae, Kyu-Jung;Park, Noh-Back
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.197-205
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to investigate the optimum conditions for efficient methane production through anaerobic digestion of pig waste slurry. The examined parameters were organic matter content of the pig slurry, the ratio of seed sludge to pig slurry, and stirring intensity of the digestion reactor. The effects of types of slurry produced from different purpose-based pigs fed with different feeds were also tested. The methane concentration in the produced biogas was 45% when the ratio of seed sludge to pig slurry was 50% and total solid (TS) concentration was 1%, and it increased in proportional to TS concentration increases from 3 to 7%. At 3 and 5% of TS concentration, increasing mixing velocity from 80 to 160 rpm resulted in higher biogas production amount. However, mixing amount of seed sludge did not cause any significant effect on biogas production. Overall, the most efficient biogas production was achieved at 3-5% TS concentration in combination with 50% seed sludge inoculation and mixing velocity at 120 rpm. Among pig slurry types, gestating sow waste slurry showed the highest biogas production probably due to higher the degradation rate than other types of pig waste slurry being affected by the feeds components.