• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-57
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• 2014

Using unemployment insurance and income-contingent loan (ICL) that conditions repayment by debtors upon their incomes this paper characterizes an efficient income support system for the unemployed, which maximizes their lifetime utilities by effectively enhancing inter-state and inter-temporal consumption-smoothing subject to incentive constraints on the part of the beneficiaries. This paper also emphasizes the generality of the argument for a mix of ICL and subsidy that may be applied potentially to many types of government welfare program.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.77-105
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• 2004

Given the limitations of UI benefit and self-insurance through precautionary savings, this paper suggests a new scheme of income support for the unemployed, which offers unemployed workers not only UI benefit but also borrowings from their future pension incomes. Allowing individuals to have effective self-insurance through pension- borrowing, this scheme provides them with consumption-smoothing and reduction in risk burden while maintaining search incentives of the unemployed. Simulation study based upon household panel data in Korea suggests that a heavy reliance should be set upon self-insurance through pension-borrowings rather than upon UI benefit, even for the low-income individuals who are subsidized under UI system. This result provides us with insightful implications for a social safety net in (fast-growing) developing countries, where people cannot afford a good amount of UI benefit or of precautionary savings against unemployment although they expect their incomes to be much higher in the future. Indeed, it is consumption-smoothing effect of self-insurance through pension- borrowings, as well as its incentive-maintaining effect, that makes it a promising alternative of social safety net in developing countries.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.10A
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• pp.1671-1683
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• 2001

무선 ad-hoc 네트워크 환경에서 이동 호스트의 에너지는 중요한 요소로 간주된다. 무선 ad-hoc 네트워크에서는 이동 호스트들이 라우팅 역할을 수행해야 하므로 네트워크 구조와 노드들의 위치에 따라 각 노드들의 라우팅 역할수해에 필요한 에너지의 양에 차이가 있게 된다. 즉, 메시지가 자주 전송되는 경로에 있는 노드들은 라우팅 역할을 수행하면서 많은 에너지를 소비하게 되고, 메시지가 적게 전송되는 경로에 있는 노드들은 상대적으로 적은 에너지를 소비하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 에너지가 적은 노드의 라우팅 역할을 에너지가 많은 노드로 전이시켜 에너지가 적은 노드의 라우팅 에너지 소비를 줄이는 기법을 제안한다. 본 제안 기법에서는 특정 노드의 라우팅 역할을 다른 노드로 전이할 때 부가적인 지역 메시지의 송수신이 필요하게 되어 전이 프로토콜에 참여하는 노드들의 에너지 소비가 전체적으로 증가될 수 있다. 하지만, 이 기법은 전체 시스템에 존재하는 노드들의 에너지 양을 균등화시킴으로서 라우팅으로 인한 에너지 소비가 많은 노드의 수명을 연장시킬 수 있게 하여, 상대적으로 많은 노드들이 라우팅에 오랫동안 참여할 수 있게 하고 시스템의 성능과 수명을 향상시킬 수 있게 한다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.419-429
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• 2013

The Wireless sensor network(WSN) consisting of a large number of sensors aims to gather data in a variety of environments. The sensor nodes operate on battery of limited power. so, To extend network life time is major goals of research in the WSN. In this paper, we state the key point of a energy consumption with minimum&load balancing. The proposed protocol guarantee balance of number of cluster member nodes using the node memory threshold and optimization of distribution of cluster head using the optimized clustering method. The results show that the proposed protocol could support the load balancing and high energy efficiency by distributing the clusters with a reasonable number of member nodes. The simulation results show that our schme ensure longer life time in WSN as compare with existing schemes such as LEACH and CBLM.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

We estimated the price range of electricity transactions under the prosumer system, considering the spread of renewable energy and the prospect of introducing a surplus power trading system between power consumers in Korea. The range (min/max) of power transaction prices was estimated by prosumers and consumers who could purchase electricity from utilities if needed. It is assumed that utilities purchased electricity from prosumers and consumers under a Time-of-Use (TOU) rate, trading at a monthly price. The range of available transaction prices according to the amount of power purchased from utilities and the amount of transaction power was also estimated. The price range that can be traded is expected to vary depending on variables such as the TOU rate, purchased and surplus power, levelized cost of electricity, etc.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.660-670
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to elaborate the logical configuration of livelihood benefits for the institutionalized recipients under the renewed custom-tailored benefit system of National Basic Livelihood Security System(NBLSS) and to present appropriate level of benefits in terms of coherency of the system. In July 2015, the NBLSS was reformed to adopt a relative level of benefit standard for the general recipients according to certain amount of ratio of standard median income. However, the benefit for the institutionalized recipients was still based on the cost of necessities of absolute poverty level. It is at this juncture that this study suggests livelihood benefits for the institutionalized recipients reflect standard median income to comply with the reform of the NBLSS. To this end, this study firstly derives basic living items for the institutionalized recipients based on the literature review and FGI. Secondly, it calculates the reflection ratio of livelihood benefits utilizing Household Trend Survey's consumption data under 40%. Finally, it applies equivalence scale of households to adjust the under-represented scale for large size institutions. To continue the reflection ratio method, it is necessary to review the consumption trends and the stability of the reflection ratio periodically.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.261-267
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• 2016

In this paper, we studied the range-free localization algorithm between sensor nodes based on the Radical Line for sensor networks. Routing in wireless sensor networks should reduce the overall energy consumption of the sensor network, or induce equivalent energy consumption of all the sensor nodes. In particular, when the amount of data to send more data, the energy consumption becomes worse. New methods have been proposed to address this. So as to allow evenly control the overall energy consumption. For this, the paper covers designing a localization algorithm that can obtain the location information of the peripheral nodes with fewer operations. For the operation of the algorithm is applicable Radical Line. The experimental environment is windows 7, the Visual C ++ 2010, MSSQL 2008. The experimental results could be localized to perform an error rate of 0.1837.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.89-112
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• 2014

This paper characterizes an optimal combination of grant and income-contingent loans (ICL) from efficiency and equity points of view as a government subsidy program for higher-education. In particular, we show that it is always desirable to introduce ICL for students regardless of their household incomes, and also provide arguments for the superiority of tax-financing system to loans with risk-premium as a financing mechanism of ICL. From policy point of view, this paper suggests a need for the extended coverage of our ICL system, while justifying its current tax-financing system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.14-15
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• 2011

본 논문은 TFT-LCD 디스플레이를 위한 저전력 화질 개선 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법에서는 TFT-LCD 디스플레이의 어두워진 백라이트를 보상하기 위한 기법을 히스토그램 균등화에 기반하여 유도하며, 밝기 보상으로 인하여 손실되는 정보량이 최소가 되게 하는 변환 함수를 구한다. 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 제안하는 알고리듬이 전력 소비를 줄이는 동시에 영상의 화질을 개선하는 것을 확인한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.4A
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• pp.337-344
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• 2011

In this paper, a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing (SM) relay system is studied in a bit error rate (BER) sense, where every node is deployed with multiple antennas. In order to efficiently use the limited power resource, it is essential to optimally allocate the power to nodes and antennas. In this context, the power allocation (PA) algorithm based on minimum BER (MBER) for a MIMO SM relay system is proposed, which is derived by direct minimization of the average BER, and divided into inter-node and inter-antenna PA algorithm. The proposed scheme outperforms the conventional equal power allocation (EPA) algorithm without extra power consumption.