• Review of KIISC
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.66-75
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• 2008

신용카드 및 직불카드 회사들의 연합체인 PCI SSC(PCI Security Standards Council)는 2004년 가정이나 소매상과 같은 소규모 환경에서 고객들의 금융 정보 유출을 방지하기 위한 목적으로 PCI DSS가 제정되었다. 국내에서는 2007년부터 PCI DSS 보안감사제도가 시행되었으며 유일하게 PCI DSS 보안감사자를 보유한 (주)에이쓰리시큐리티사가 가맹점1) 및 PG/VAN사(社)를 대상으로 PCI DSS 보안감사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 2007년 한 해 동안 국내의 PCI DSS 보안감사를 수행하면서 요구사항에 만족하지 못하는 항목들에 대한 사례를 분석함으로써 국내 PCI DSS 보안감사 도입의 현 주소를 파악하고 이에 대한 개선안을 도출하여 보안감사에 보다 유연하게 대처할 수 있도록 하고자 한다. 2007년 한해 국내 보안감사 실시 결과 PCI DSS 보안감사 대상자의 요구사항 준수율은 평균 81%로 측정되었으며, 전체 233개의 요구사항 중 미적용으로 평가된 항목은 평균 38.7개로 나타났다. 전체적인 평균으로 따져봤을 경우 어느 정도 양호한 수준으로 판단할 수도 있으나 피감사 기업의 업태나 사전준비의 유무에 따라 많은 격차가 있었다. 특히, 기반이 튼튼한 PG사나 VAN사에 비해 신규로 등록되어 사업규모가 작거나 타사에 비해 카드결제산업이 차지하는 사업비중이 작은 곳은 PCI DSS 보안감사의 요구사항을 준수하는데 어려움을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 PCI DSS 보안감사를 통해 도출된 미적용 사항 중 가장 많은 미적용율을 나타낸 10가지 항목에 대하여 분석하고 이에 대한 대안을 제시함으로써 향후, PCI DSS의 요구사항을 기업환경에 맞게 적용하기 위해 효율적인 가이드로써 활용되었으면 하는 바램이다.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 2003

The number of companies which use Internet and Web grow at an explosive rate and most of them made use of the Web sites for business activity such as publicity, advertising, customer support, and online retailing. However, there are very few empirical studies on web sites evaluation based on theoretical framework. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate motivational effectiveness of Web sites using the WebMAC Business instrument. In this paper, we introduced a lot of Web sites evaluation studies and several IS studies based on the motivation theory. Web sites evaluation was performed by four motivational factors which include stimulating, meaningful, organized, and easy-to-use. There are significant differences among the industry type about motivational factors. This study identifies areas for improvement of existing Web sites and suggests several guidelines for development of Web sites from the user's perspective.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

Recent rapid growth of Super-Supermarket(SSM) may be the last process of penetration of big retailers' into the grocery market where small supermarkets have dominated for the past several decades. Anti-SSM movement led by small supermarket owners is mainly due to the fear of shaky viability. The authors believe that the ultimate solution should be strengthening the competitiveness of small retailers. This study concludes that satisfying customers will make small retailers more sustainable. The study suggests the improvement of merchandising and customer services. In particular, the study performed an ideation survey for developing services suitable for supermarket customers. The study suggests service alternatives optimal for small retailers through confirmation survey of 300 consumers.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.28-42
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• 2010

전자 쿠폰(e-쿠폰)의 패턴이 모바일 쿠폰(m-쿠폰)으로 그 주류를 형성해 나가면서 모바일 쿠폰 보안 시스템에 관한 연구와 운영이 필요하게 되였다. 하지만 지금까지 e-쿠폰의 보안 시스템에 관한 연구도 드물 뿐만 아니라 m-쿠폰의 보안에 관한 연구는 극히 드물며, 설령 있다 하더라도 청산(clearing) 단계에 대한 보안 프로토콜은 설계하지 않았었다. 그렇지만 쿠폰의 위조(forgery)나 이중사용(double spending) 뿐만 아니라 도/소매업자 및 청산소(clearing house) 에 의한 청산 단계조작(clearing manipulation)에 의해서도 기업측에 엄청난 손실을 가할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 청산 단계를 포함한 공식화된 모바일 쿠폰 프로세싱에 대한 보안 프로토콜을 우리나라 현실 상황을 고려하여 설계하고, 보안요구사항을 모바일 쿠폰 서비스/무선 환경/소형 단말기 측면으로 나누어 분석하고, 효율적으로 상태 관리 용이함을 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.588-589
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• 2008

우리나라는 2001년 4월 이후 전력산업구조개편을 추진 중에 있다. 한 기업에 의해 발전, 송전, 배전, 판매를 독점하던 체계에서 전력시장 개방을 단계별로 진행중에 있는데, 최초에 계획된 전력시장 개발 일정은 다음과 같다. - 발전경쟁 : $2001.04{\sim}2004.06$ - 도매경쟁 : $2004.07{\sim}2008.12$ - 소매경쟁 : $2009.01{\sim}$ 발전경쟁시장에서 도매경쟁시장으로 전환되는 시점에서 국가차원의 결정에 의해 도매경쟁시장으로의 진입이 잠정 중단되었다. 그 당시 우리는 도매경쟁시장을 위한 시스템(MOS)을 이미 구축한 상태였다. 도매경쟁시장을 위해 설계된 MOS시스템은 발전경쟁시장을 위해 현재 사용되고 있는 CBP시스템에는 갖추고 있지 않은 우수한 기능들을 다수 보유하고 있는데 5분단위 급전계획(FMD)이 그것 중 최고기능이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 CBP시스템을 사용하는 발전경쟁시장에서 MOS시스템의 5분 단위 급전계획(FMD)을 활용하기 위한 설계 요구사항을 논의하고자 한다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.21 no.2 s.98
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• pp.161-169
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• 2006

IT 839 정책 중 하나인 RFID는 기업의 수요 예측, 생산, 재고, 유통의 관리, 상점에서의 제품 판매 방식을 변화시킨다는 비전을 제시하고 있다. 향후 그 시장 규모가 막대할것으로 전망되고 있다. 본 고에서는 IDTech사의 RFID 구축사례에 대한 심층분석을 통해 현재 실제 시장 현황을 살펴보았다. IDTech사의 RFID 구축 데이터베이스에 의해, RFID 구축사례가 가장 많은 국가는 미국으로 나와 있으며, 전세계적으로 RFID가 가장많이 적용 되 어진 분야는 소매 및 소비재 분야로 나타났다. 가장 많이 사용 되 어지는 주파수 대역은 HF(13.56MHz)였다. 태그의 형태로는 라벨이 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는것으로 나타났다. HF(13.56MHz)와 LF(125~135kHz) 방식은 모든 국가에서 활용되고 있으나 Microwave(2.45GHz)와 UHF(868~960MHz)의 비중도 상대적으로 높게나타났다.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-70
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• 2010

In this study, we examined distribution channel relationship by using the idea of Cheong, which is a unique feeling an positive role in Korean society. Companies make great efforts to maintain long-term relationship with buyers. Understanding distinctive relationship system of each culture should precede these efforts to bring effective results. So we considered how Cheong, a meaningful factor in Korean distribution channel, affects relationship quality and performance. As a result of research analysis from 272 survey questionnaires of retailers, engaging in Crops Protected Material industry in Korea, supplier's idiosyncratic investment, retailer's Cheong, and dependence of retailers on suppliers have positive effects on relationship quality. Supplier's idiosyncratic investment and cognitive factors have the highest influence and Cheong, an emotional factor, follows. Dependence, a motivational factor has the least influence. We confirmed that retailer's cooperation and long-term orientation are directly influenced by retailer's commitment. Active cooperation of the retailer, a partner of a distribution channel, is regarded as an essential factor for supplier's effective business. Retailer's commitment increased that cooperation. Retailer's trust and commitment also decreased relationship conflicts. The results of this study imply that companies should increase idiosyncratic investment to improve relationship quality. But increasing idiosyncratic investment is limited because it requires monetary investment. Therefore companies need to recognize the importance of Cheong, revealed as a new factor, improving relationship quality and to make the best use of it. In this study, we contributed theoretically by examining the role of Cheong, and introducing its distribution discipline. We also make practical suggestions about supplier's relationship management.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 2011

I. Introduction: In Chinese electronics industry, the local wholesalers are still dominant but power is rapidly swifting from wholesalers to retailers because in recent foreign big retailers and local mass merchandisers are growing fast. During such transient period, conflicts among channel members emerge important issues. For example, when wholesalers who have more power exercise influence strategies to maintain status, conflicts among manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer will be intensified. Korean electronics companies in China need differentiated channel strategies by dealing with wholesalers and retailers simultaneously to sell more Korean products in competition with foreign firms. For example, Korean electronics firms should utilize 'guanxi' or relational quality to form long-term relationships with whloesalers instead of power and conflict issues. The major purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of conflict, dependency, and influence strategies between local Korean-products-selling retailers and wholesalers on performance in Chinese electronics distribution channels. In particular, this paper proposes effective distribution strategies for Korean electronics companies in China by analyzing moderating effects of 'Guanxi'. II. Literature Review and Hypotheses: The specific purposes of this study are as follows. First, causes of conflicts between local Korean-products-selling retailers and wholesalers are examined from the perspectives of goal incongruence and role ambiguity and then effects of these causes are found out on perceived conflicts of local retailers. Second, the effects of dependency of local retailers upon wholesalers are investigated on local retailers' perceived conflicts. Third, the effects of non-coercive influence strategies such as information exchange and recommendation and coercive strategies such as threats and legalistic pleas exercised by wholesalers are explored on perceived conflicts by local retailers. Fourth, the effects of level of conflicts perceived by local retailers are verified on local retailers' financial performance and satisfaction. Fifth, moderating effects of relational qualities, say, 'quanxi' between wholesalers and retailers are analyzed on the impact of wholesalers' influence strategies on retailers' performances. Finally, moderating effects of relational qualities are examined on the relationship between conflicts and performance. To accomplish above-mentioned research objectives, Figure 1 and the following research hypotheses are proposed and verified. III. Measurement and Data Analysis: To verify the proposed research model and hypotheses, data were collected from 97 retailers who are selling Korean electronic products located around Central and Southern regions in China. Covariance analysis and moderated regression analysis were employed to validate hypotheses. IV. Conclusion: The following results were drawn using structural equation modeling and hierarchical moderated regression. First, goal incongruence perceived by local retailers significantly affected conflict but role ambiguity did not. Second, consistent with conflict spiral theory, the level of conflict decreased when retailers' dependency increased toward wholesalers. Third, noncoercive influence strategies such as information exchange and recommendation implemented by wholesalers had significant effects on retailers' performance such as sales and satisfaction without conflict. On the other hand, coercive influence strategies such as threat and legalistic plea had insignificant effects on performance in spite of increasing the level of conflict. Fourth, 'guanxi', namely, relational quality between local retailers and wholesalers showed unique effects on performance. In case of noncoercive influence strategies, 'guanxi' did not play a role of moderator. Rather, relational quality and noncoercive influence strategies can serve as independent variables to enhance performance. On the other hand, when 'guanxi' was well built due to mutual trust and commitment, relational quality as a moderator can positively function to improve performance even though hostile, coercive influence strategies were implemented. Fifth, 'guanxi' significantly moderated the effects of conflict on performance. Even if conflict arises, local retailers who form solid relational quality can increase performance by dealing with dysfunctional conflict synergistically compared with low 'quanxi' retailers. In conclusion, this study verified the importance of relational quality via 'quanxi' between local retailers and wholesalers in Chinese electronic industry because relational quality could cross out the adverse effects of coercive influence strategies and conflict on performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

The internet has dramatically changed a way of business management and competition in the business environment. Especially, it stimulated not only to evolve online floral distribution service but also to change a phase of competition among floral retail stores in industry. And that also led to keen competition among IT service providers as well. This study is to examine how floral retail stores have been evolved and competed with the radical situation of the floral distribution industry through IT service in the aspect of business and information technology. In addition, the Typhoon Positioning Strategy(TPS), a strategy for the IT service positioning, is introduced from IT service provider's perspective. For IT service providers to create high business value and continuous service providing, IT service should be positioned on the customers' "core business" and developed to the level of "solution." The Typhoon Positioning Strategy(TPS) is a strategy for the IT service positioning, indicating that IT service should be positioned according to a Business Process-Service model with the consideration of business development direction, IT service trend, and user's IT capability. That is, IT service providers should find out customers' "core business" area first to provide a right IT service to the company, and the IT service provided should meet to the level of business solution. The capability of the IT solution users is also an important factor to be considered for the advanced IT service. There are four principles of the Typhoon Positioning Strategy(TPS). Principle 1) IT service provided should be an IT solution Map suitable for customer business processes. Principle 2) IT service provided should be able to support customer core business. Principle 3) IT service provided should be a business solution. Principle. 4) IT service provided should be applied differently according to the level of customer's IT capability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.455-466
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• 2014

This study examines the effectiveness of CSR through the expectancy disconfirmation theory. The change of CSR belief after a corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) crisis was investigated in terms of activity timing (proactive activities before CSIR crisis/reactive activities after CSIR crisis). Study 1 explores the influence of CSR belief perceptions formed through usual CSR activities on CSR belief decline after a CSIR crisis and the moderating effect of CSR activity types. Higher CSR belief perceptions are formed through usual CSR activities that result in a large CSR belief decline. The moderating effect of CSR activity types on CSR belief decline is found. Volunteer activity has the strongest depending effect on CSIR crisis. Study 2 explores the influence of CSR belief perceptions formed through CSIR crisis on a CSR belief incline after CSR activities and the moderating effect of CSR activity types. The lower CSR belief perception after CSIR crisis results in a high CSR belief incline after CSR activities. The moderating effect of CSR activity types on CSR belief incline is found. Cause-related marketing has the strongest overcoming effect on a CSIR crisis.