• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.63-69
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• 2018

This study is to examine the determinants of the elderly poverty by using the Decision-tree analysis. In line with this perspective, this study includes individual characteristics, family characteristics, working characteristics, and periodic income characteristics after retirement as determinants for senior poverty. The study uses data from the Korean Retirement and Income Study based on panel survey and employs the Decision-tree analysis to explain the causes of the elderly poverty. As the result of analysis, earned wage has the greatest effect on the elderly poverty. Depending on status of the earned wage, there are 2 different variable groups. One with no earned wage includes public pension, education, and residence, paid employee and gender in the other with earned wage. Based on the analytical results, the study suggests measures to address the elderly poverty.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.95-123
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• 2016

As Korean society grows rapidly older, a systematic analysis of the determinants of labor supply behavior among the elderly becomes a prerequisite for designing more effective senior employment policies and income security regime for the elderly. Literatures review shows that a majority of previous researches have been ignoring the problem of "endogenous predictor" especially when it comes to the estimation of the effects of the two key variables, education and non-labor income, on labor supply decisions among older people. They have failed to take into consideration the unobserved heterogeneities which might affect both labor supply decisions of the elderly and their levels of education and non-labor income, which means, according to some econometric literatures, that the estimated coefficients of the two predictors can be inconsistent. The paper tries to redress the endogeneity problem by employing a panel logit model with data from the 1st. to 4th. wave of the KLoSA(Korean Longitudinal Survey of Ageing) to estimate the effects of key predictors on the probability of getting jobs among older people(ages of 60 or older). Both a random effects and a fixed effects model reaffirms that non-labor income has a negative effect on the chances of being employed. And a random effects model shows that the effect of education is also negative, as has frequently been reported by previous studies. That means the effects of education and non-labor income on elderly employment remain negative after the effect of unobserved heterogeneities is controled for and the problem of endogenous predictors is redressed through an appropriate panel data analysis. These findings mean, in turn, that when Korean baby-boomers, who had acquired an unprecedentedly higher level of education and were expected to enjoy ever-larger amount of non-labor income than their preceding generations, retires in near future, their incentives to work will become much weaker and the lack of labor-force and the burden of financing increased public pension expenditure will become more troublesome. The paper concludes with recommending some policy initiatives helpful to solve these expected problems.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-59
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• 2000

Given the constraint that the unemployment benefit is not allowed to vary freely over the unemployment duration, this paper examines the optimal UI benefit structure. In particular, identifying the conflicting effects of benefit amount and benefit duration upon incentive and insurance, this paper characterizes the optimal combination of UI benefit amount and duration. Based upon some important factors determining the optimal UI benefit structure that are derived from the model, a set of directions for UI reform in Korea have been proposed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.137-163
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to examine the trend of real earnings for TANF leavers. Using administrative data in Wisconsin, this study tracks the 1998 TANF leavers over 7 years. Based on the cyclicality of real wage hypothesis, this study finds: First, although the average real quarterly earnings of TANF leavers have remained stable since their exits, there are substantial labor mobility among TANF leavers. Second, the panel data analysis shows that the real earnings of TANF leavers are significantly associated with local labor market conditions, which supports the hypothesis on the cyclicality of real wages. This study has policy implications that labor market conditions matter for the economic well-being of TANF leavers and the labor demand policies are needed for the economic security of TANF leavers after the exit.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.123-146
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• 2014

This study aims to investigate the employment duration and the probability of quitting the job at first return-to-work of injured workers. This study collected data with structured questionnaires and finally included 515 injured workers. The Kaplan-Meier method is used for describing the employment duration, and the Cox regression is used to identify significant factors on the probability of quitting the job at first return-to-work. The results show that among the all respondents, the 5.65% quitted the job within 1 month, 14.14% within 3 months, 23.7% within 6 months, and 32.81% within 1 years. The Cox regression results show that the probability of quitting the job at first return-to-work is significantly affected by age, marital status, education, employment period when happened the accident, job retention, income change, and classification of diseases. As a result, some implication and policies are suggested for the return-to-work and employment durability of injured workers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.117-143
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes and the influential factors that predict outcomes of Personal Assistance Services (PAS). A phone survey was conducted with 201 people with severe disabilities who used PAS services through 10 Centers for Independent Living. Participants reported an increase in subjective health perceptions associated with use of PAS. Participants also reported increased psychological self-reliance as a consequence of using PAS, and high satisfaction with PAS in general. Additionally, the participants reported increased active participation in their communities, increased employment, and high self-confidence in getting or maintaining jobs as outcomes of PAS. Among influential factors predicting the outcomes of PAS, high monthly income and more mean hours of for PAS were positive predictors of psychological self-reliance. Younger age, lower income, and longer duration of service were positively associated with community participation. Longer duration of disability and service use were positive predictors of employment status. Less severe disability and high monthly income were associated with higher self-confidence related to getting or maintaining a job. The results highlight the importance of ensuring the availability of PAS to all Koreans with disabilities who are interested in these services.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-167
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between living satisfaction and income level and expenditure of the Disabled Households' and the mediation role of socioeconomic status in their relationship also the effect of the according to whether they receive basic living or not. The data and sample of total 2,906 households were extracted from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) 8th data, and it was analyzed by the SEM(Structural equation model). The study results are as follows. First, Household income is negative effect on Engel and Schwabe Index, Socioeconomic status is positive effect on life satisfaction. and Socioeconomic status is partially mediated in the path between household income and life satisfaction and socioeconomic status full mediates the schwabe index and life satisfaction. Overall, the study results emphasizes the importance of the economic activity for security income of the disabled households, and it discusses about policy directions.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.37-71
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• 2018

Since 2016, public and political interest on basic income has been increased beyond academic interest. The recent debate on basic income has expanded on issues regarding to the concrete implementation of basic income moving further than the debate on conception of the basic income in the abstract level. This study examines major critiques of basic income which was raised from social policy area and makes a counter-argument on these critiques. Major points summarized as follows. First, the problem of jobs and social insurance exclusion is not serious enough to call for basic income. Second, existing social security systems will be crowded out by excessive financial burden if basic income is introduced. Third, policies to cultivate citizens' capacities to cope with a technological change should be given priority over basic income. This study disputes these critiques by counter arguing four points. First, it is necessary to reconstruct welfare state based on basic income, given the labor market changes, such as long-term trend of employment change, newly emerging employment of platform companies, and inconsistency of platform labor and social insurance. Second, hypothesis of crowding-out effect on social security system is just a criticism that can be applied to the basic income initiative of the right-wing. Also, it is unable to find a logical basis or evidence of this hypothesis from the historical process of welfare state development or previous studies. Third, it is necessary to discuss how to reconfigure existing social security system and basic income which are complementary to each other and also have consistency with labor market as a configuration, not as a matter of choosing between basic income and social security system. Fourth, de-laborization does not mean a refusal to labor but a free choice, and the basic principle of social security is not needs but right. In conclusion, in order to develop more productive debate on basic income, it requires more sophisticated discussion and criticism from the point of view of the distributive justice; the debate on the sustainability of social insurance-centered welfare states; and debates on the political realization of basic income.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-43
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• 2018

The digital revolution has brought about both positive expectations and negative concerns. Many experts predict that the current technological revolution, so-called "Fourth Industrial Revolution", which is expected to increase productivity in a disruptive way, has significant implications on employment and the labor market. In subsequence, the possible demise of the traditional employment system could markedly undermine the comtemporary welfare state. As a result, basic income has emerged as an alternative. However, little welfare state research has conducted the systematic review on the impact of the present technological revolution on employment and welfare states. In this paper, we will start to review the gist of the digital revolution and critically review recent studies on its effects on employment and welfare states together with actual case studies. In particular, we will investigate the experiences of platform economies of Uber and Amazon Mechanical Turk, and the German experience from 'Work 4.0'. Finally, we will discuss key issues of future welfare state reforms. This research argues that the effects of the technological revolution on employment and welfare state policies would be enormous, but they will be most likely to be mediated by domestic political and policy institutions. It emphasizes the importance of high-quality social investment that would enable individuals to flexibly adapt technological changes and support creative human capital resource. But, high-quality social investment could not be sustained without the decent social protection system that universally provides security to people.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.247-291
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• 2018

This study investigates the employment structure and the social safety net experience of the subcontracting cleaning workers in Korea, who have been main targets of the labor outsourcing despite the necessity and permanence of their labour. This study specifically focuses on the fact that these subcontracting cleaning workers are mostly female and in their old age, and analyzes how the combination of their age, gender, and employment structure leads to the (mis)match with the Korean social security system. Case study with in-dept interview method has been conducted to the old-aged female subcontracting cleaning workers in Korea. The result of this study is as follows. It was the income insecurity that led them to (re)enter the labour market, and the cleaning work was the almost the only wage work they could do considering their age and gender. Cleaning workers are mostly employed in the subcontracting company, and thus their labour contracts depend on the business contract period between the original and subcontracting company. Consequently, their employment relationship is mostly insecure unless they are guaranteed employment succession through the collective agreement of trade union. Moreover, it has been discovered that the employment insecurity due to the indirect employment relationship led to the poor labour conditions, low wage, and the exclusion from the social safety net.